Review
Immunology
Guangyuan Du, Zherui Xing, Jue Zhou, Can Cui, Chenyuan Liu, Yiping Liu, Zheng Li
Summary: The RLR pathway is a significant pathway in cells for monitoring abnormal RNA, which activates inflammatory effects to combat infections and also participates in cancer development. Various modifications are involved in regulating the RLR pathway in cancer, either enhancing tumor suppression or promoting tumor development. This review summarizes epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications of the RLR pathway in cancer cells, and provides an overview of therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway in cancers.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pamela T. Wong, Peter H. Goff, Rachel J. Sun, Matthew J. Ruge, Megan E. Ermler, Alyssa Sebring, Jessica J. O'Konek, Jeffrey J. Landers, Katarzyna W. Janczak, Weina Sun, James R. Baker
Summary: The combination of NE and RNA-based agonists of RIG-I enhances immunogenicity and breadth of protection against influenza virus by stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses, potentially improving vaccine efficacy.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoshiaki Sato, Hironori Yoshino, Ikuo Kashiwakura, Eichi Tsuruga
Summary: The RLR agonist Poly(I:C) was found to modulate the cellular radiation response of lung adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating DAP3 expression. Experimental results indicated that DAP3 is involved in the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells to IR-induced cell death.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Robert R. Stickels, Evan Murray, Pawan Kumar, Jilong Li, Jamie L. Marshall, Daniela J. Di Bella, Paola Arlotta, Evan Z. Macosko, Fei Chen
Summary: Slide-seqV2 technology achieves an RNA capture efficiency close to 50% of single-cell RNA-seq data, which is 10 times higher than Slide-seq and approaches the detection efficiency of droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq techniques. Leveraging the high detection efficiency of Slide-seqV2, dendritically localized mRNAs in mouse hippocampal neurons were successfully identified, and spatial information was integrated with single-cell trajectory analysis tools to characterize the spatiotemporal development of the mouse neocortex, revealing underlying genetic programs that were poorly sampled with Slide-seq. The combination of near-cellular resolution and high transcript detection efficiency makes Slide-seqV2 applicable across various experimental contexts.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reza Zolfaghari, Jessica A. Bonzo, Frank J. Gonzalez, A. Catharine Ross
Summary: HNF4 alpha regulates lipid and glucose metabolism genes. RA can act as an antagonist for HNF4 alpha in genes lacking RARE and as an agonist for RARE-containing genes. Overall, RA may interfere with HNF4 alpha function and deregulate genes important for lipid and glucose metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianqian Jin, Chuncao Huo, Wenhao Yang, Kaidi Jin, Shuai Cai, Yanxin Zheng, Baoyu Huang, Lei Wei, Meiwei Zhang, Yijing Han, Xuekai Zhang, Yaqiong Liu, Xiaotong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the transcriptome of the Pacific oyster Crassostera gigas. A total of 586 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with ATRA affecting the development, metabolism, reproduction, and immunity of C. gigas. Several tyrosinase genes and Tyr-related genes were upregulated by ATRA, and the DNA-binding activity of the RA receptors CgRAR and CgRXR, as well as their interaction with RAREs in the Tyr-2 promoter, were confirmed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Satya Prakash, Ambak Kumar Rai
Summary: Infection with Leishmania donovani reduces cellular cholesterol levels, but retinoic acid (RA) can restore cholesterol levels and reduce parasite burden in macrophages.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daltry L. Snider, Moonhee Park, Kristen A. Murphy, Dia C. Beachboard, Stacy M. Horner
Summary: The RNA-binding protein RIG-I plays a crucial role in initiating the innate immune response against viruses. In this study, the researchers found that a protein called UFL1, along with the process of ufmylation, promotes the induction of interferons in response to RIG-I activation. They also discovered that UFL1 interacts with the protein 14-3-3e at the cell membrane, and this complex is recruited to activated RIG-I to facilitate immune signaling. Furthermore, they found that ufmylation is necessary for the interaction between 14-3-3e and RIG-I, which is essential for downstream signal transduction and IFN induction.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec, Weiliang Huang, Jace W. Jones, Jianshi Yu, Jenna Alloush, Amy E. Defnet, Alexander R. Moise, Maureen A. Kane
Summary: This study investigated the impact of CRBP1 loss on the adult mouse heart using a multi-omics approach. The results showed that RA levels were decreased in Rbp1(-/-) mouse heart tissue, and metabolomics and proteomics analyses revealed disrupted pathways related to cellular metabolism and cardiac metabolism. These findings characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss and reduced RA in the adult heart.
Article
Cell Biology
Hiroki Yoshioka, Yurie Mikami, Sai Shankar Ramakrishnan, Akiko Suzuki, Junichi Iwata
Summary: The study indicates that excess intake of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) causes cleft palate in mice through the induction of miR-124-3p, while miR-27a-3p and miR-27b-3p do not significantly affect cell proliferation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan Tang, Zhao Zhang, Emily Zboril, Michael D. Wetzel, Xinping Xu, Wei Zhang, Lizhen Chen, Zhijie Liu
Summary: Pontin is a crucial protein involved in various biological processes, such as gene transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling, particularly playing a key role in RA-induced HOX gene activation. Through Pontin knockdown experiments and genome-wide binding pattern studies, its mechanism in regulating HOX gene expression at the transcriptional level has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vojtech Pavlik, Veronika Machalova, Martin Cepa, Romana Sinova, Barbora Safrankova, Jaromir Kulhanek, Tomas Drmota, Lukas Kubala, Gloria Huerta-Angeles, Vladimir Velebny, Kristina Nesporova
Summary: The study found that HA-atRA upregulated gene expression similarly to atRA, but HA-atRA activated the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes. The results showed that HA-atRA removed cholesterol from the cells and induced cholesterol synthesis to replenish it. Additionally, HA-C18:1 also removed cholesterol from the cells, indicating that the cholesterol removal stemmed from the amphiphilic nature of these derivatives.
Review
Cell Biology
Shumpei Yamakawa, Hiroshi Wada
Summary: A recent genomic survey has found that retinoic acid (RA) signaling, previously thought to be unique to chordates, has an ancient evolutionary origin in the animal kingdom. Echinoderms, a basal group of deuterostomes, are of particular interest in studying the evolutionary history of RA signaling. Previous research suggests that echinoderms may possess the ancestral function of RA signaling in regulating metamorphosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Fathima N. Cassim Bawa, Raja Gopoju, Yanyong Xu, Shuwei Hu, Yingdong Zhu, Shaoru Chen, Kavita Jadhav, Yanqiao Zhang
Summary: The study reveals the important role of macrophage retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) in regulating atherosclerosis. It protects against atherosclerosis by inducing cholesterol efflux and inhibiting inflammation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaolu Xie, Chuang Li, Juan Yu, Shaoyan Chang, Xiyue Cheng, Fang Wang, Yihua Bao, Ting Zhang, Shan Wang
Summary: This study investigates the regulation of retinoic acid receptors in neural tube defects. It reveals that the expression of retinoic acid receptor ? mRNA is significantly upregulated in the brain tissues of anencephaly foetuses. Furthermore, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1, a rate-determining enzyme in the one-carbon cycle, is identified as a specific regulator of retinoic acid receptors, providing new insights into the functional linkage between nuclear folate metabolism and retinoic acid receptor signaling in neural tube defect pathology.
