Article
Agronomy
Marta Olczyk, Elisabeth H. Koschier, Tomasz Wojtowicz, Maria Pobozniak
Summary: The onion thrips, a key pest of onion crops worldwide, showed a preference for the wild species Allium roylei Stearn compared to cultivated onion varieties. This research highlights the importance of considering wild cultivars for breeding programs aimed at improving disease and pest resistance in onions.
Article
Microbiology
Praveen Roylawar, Kiran Khandagale, Satyabrata Nanda, Parakkattu Sulochanan Soumia, Sangita Jadhav, Vijay Mahajan, Suresh Gawande
Summary: Plant-endophyte symbiosis affects plant defense and growth. The root endophyte Serendipita indica can enhance resistance of onion plants against the herbivore Spodoptera exigua by modulating antioxidant and defense enzyme activities and gene expression in the host.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Pranjali A. Gedam, Dhananjay V. Shirsat, Thangasamy Arunachalam, Sourav Ghosh, Suresh J. Gawande, Vijay Mahajan, Amar Jeet Gupta, Major Singh
Summary: Waterlogging-tolerant onion genotypes were identified and evaluated in this study. The tolerant genotypes exhibited better growth and yield characteristics under stress conditions. These tolerant genotypes can be used for onion breeding programs.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
David Kopecky, Olga Scholten, Joanna Majka, Karin Burger-Meijer, Martin Duchoslav, Jan Bartos
Summary: Genome dominance is observed in wide hybrids, where one parental genome becomes dominant over the other, leading to unequal retention of parental chromosomes in successive generations. Female meiotic drive is identified as the key factor underlying this dominance, with variations in strength across different chromosome segments.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sagar S. Arya, James E. Rookes, David M. Cahill, Sangram K. Lenka
Summary: This study observed significant genotoxicity in off-target bioindicator cells treated with high concentrations of green-synthesized vanillin capped gold nanoparticles, while protein-coated gold nanoparticles of similar concentrations had negligible genotoxic effects. These findings suggest that the toxicological signatures of AuNPs are influenced by their interaction with biological systems.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eslem Amac, Recep Liman
Summary: This study evaluated the dose-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clopyralid on Allium cepa roots, showing that clopyralid affects root growth and induces chromosome abnormalities at different concentrations. These results confirm the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of clopyralid on non-target organisms.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Oksal Macar
Summary: The study demonstrated that various toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of tetraconazole fungicide occurred at different doses on the meristematic cells of onion root tips.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Thais Fernandes Mendonca Mota, Amanda Roberta Sampaio, Marina Wust Vasconcelos, Nedia de Castilhos Ghisi
Summary: This systematic review focused on the effect of insecticides on the Allium cepa system. The meta-analytical test showed that insecticide treatment increased the number of micronuclei in onion cells and reduced the mitotic index. More studies on biotechnology, nanotechnology, and biopesticides are needed to develop safer pesticides.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ram Dutta, K. Jayalakshmi, Sharath M. Nadig, Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda, Vishal S. Gurav, Major Singh
Summary: Onions are a valuable vegetable-spice crop in India but are susceptible to diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major issue as it severely affects bulb production. Twister disease is a common problem in onion production, particularly in humid regions, reducing productivity and value. This review provides updated knowledge on onion anthracnose, including the pathogen, disease cycle, infection pathways, and management techniques to benefit growers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irina Chernukha, Nadezhda Kupaeva, Daniil Khvostov, Yuliya Bogdanova, Jutta Smirnova, Elena Kotenkova
Summary: Antioxidants play a crucial role in the food industry, and there is a growing preference for natural antioxidants without undesired side effects. This study evaluated the effect of adding Allium cepa husk extract to meat pate and found that it maintained increased content of antioxidants, reducing lipid peroxidation. The results support the use of yellow onion husk extract to improve the functionality of meat products and provide clean-label foods.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Diego Espirito Santo, Elisangela Dusman, Regiane da Silva Gonzalez, Adriano Lopes Romero, Gabrielle Cristina dos Santos Goncalves do Nascimento, Matheus Augusto de Souza Moura, Patricia Aline Bressiani, Adila Cristina Krukoski Filipi, Eduardo Michel Vieira Gomes, Juan Carlos Pokrywiecki, Flavia Vieira da Silva Medeiros, Debora Cristina de Souza, Ana Paula Peron
Summary: Octocrylene sunscreen is widely present in different environments. This study investigates its adverse effects on terrestrial plants and soil fauna. The results show that octocrylene negatively affects seed germination, root elongation, and cell division in Allium cepa, as well as avoidance behavior and oxidative stress in Eisenia fetida. The presence of octocrylene in soil fertilization and irrigation water may have a negative impact on the survival of species relying on the soil.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Carlos Filipe Camilo-Cotrim, Elisa Flavia Luiz Cardoso Bailao, Luciana Souza Ondei, Fernanda Melo Carneiro, Luciane Madureira Almeida
Summary: This review summarizes the history of using the Allium cepa bioassay to investigate pesticide damages and discusses the data on experimental conditions. The reviewed studies demonstrate that the A. cepa bioassay is an effective model for evaluating pesticide toxicity and highlights the adverse effects of pesticides on humans and the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oksal Macar, Tugce Kalefetoglu Macar, Emine Yalcin, Kultigin Cavusoglu
Summary: This study assesses the susceptibility of Allium cepa to trifloxystrobin and finds that it has toxic effects on the plant's physiology, cytogenetics, biochemistry, and anatomy. Trifloxystrobin inhibits the growth of the onion, induces chromosomal abnormalities and micronucleus formation, and negatively impacts cellular structure and biochemical processes. These toxic effects are dose-dependent.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Renata Biba, Petra Cvjetko, Mihaela Jakopcic, Bruno Komazec, Mirta Tkalec, Nino Dimitrov, Tajana Begovic, Biljana Balen
Summary: Plastic contamination is a pressing environmental issue due to the increasing production of disposable plastic products. In this study, onion roots were exposed to commercial polystyrene (PS-MPs) and polymethyl methacrylate microparticles (PMMA-MPs) to investigate their effects. The results showed that PS-MPs were more readily taken up by onion roots compared to PMMA-MPs. Both types of microparticles did not induce toxic effects on root growth, and PMMA-MPs even stimulated root growth. Antioxidant enzymes were activated in root cells after exposure to both types of microparticles.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mariana de Souza, Kamila Jessie Sammarro Silva, Matheus Garbuio, Natalia Mayumi Inada, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Alessandra Ramos Lima
Summary: This study assessed the effects of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light on Allium cepa seeds. The results showed that light induction at 460 and 635 nm significantly stimulated root development, while irradiation at 254 nm was cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. This study reveals the spectral response of plants and proposes Allium cepa as a potential model for studying the mechanisms of photobiomodulation in plants.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Reza Hejazi, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Mojdeh Maleki, Ezzatollah Sedaghatfar
Summary: This study screened 92 potato genotypes for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of stem canker disease. The results showed that a few genotypes exhibited resistance. Genetic diversity analysis revealed polymorphism among different potato genotypes, providing potential applications in breeding and disease management.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Neda Peymani, Ahmad Reza Golparvar, Mehdi Nasresfahani, Esmaeil Mahmoudi, Majid Shams
Summary: This study investigated the defense responses of potato to the early blight pathogen Alternaria alternata. The results showed that specific genes and enzyme activities were significantly enhanced in resistant genotypes, while transcription levels were decreased. Studying these changes can provide guidance for the development of potato cultivars resistant to early blight.
PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bita Soheili-Moghaddam, Sedigheh Mousanejad, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Hamed Hassanzade-Khankahdani, Houssein Karbalaie-Khiyavie
Summary: In order to understand how potatoes respond to R. solani, this study analyzed the expression of novel candidate gene markers using RT-qPCR in resistant and partially resistant potato genotypes. The results showed that certain gene markers were up-regulated after R. solani inoculation, primarily in resistant genotypes, and had a high correlation with the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, certain gene markers were found to confer resistance to multiple diseases simultaneously.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Neda Sadeghpour, Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, Maryam Golabadi
Summary: This study explores the correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities and total phenol content with FOM 1.2 infection in melons. The results reveal that the activity of defense-related enzymes increases threefold in resistant melon accessions compared to susceptible ones. Biomass growth parameters following inoculation show similar trends to enzyme activity in resistant melon accessions.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatemeh Qalavand, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Jafar Vatandoost, Davood Amin Azarm
Summary: This study analyzed the resistance mechanisms of different wheat cultivars to common root rot disease. It found that the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities is closely related to the resistance of wheat. Additionally, the analysis of genetic structure provided important information for germplasm analysis.
Article
Plant Sciences
F. Qalavand, M. Nasr-Esfahani, J. Vatandoost, D. A. Azarm
Summary: In wheat, Bipolaris sorokiniana is an important pathogen causing global yield losses. This study screened 33 wheat genotypes and analyzed the expression of candidate defense genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that resistant genotypes had upregulated defense genes and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. This research sheds light on the mechanisms of resistance in wheat cultivars and their simultaneous resistance to multiple diseases.
Article
Plant Sciences
Bita Soheili-Moghaddam, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Sedigheh Mousanejad, Hamed Hassanzadeh-Khankahdani, Houssein Karbalaie-Khiyavie
Summary: Rhizoctonia solani AG-3PT-stem-canker is a devastating disease in potatoes globally. This study explored resistance in potato genotypes to R. solani, analyzing biomass growth parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, gene markers were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Results showed significantly increased enzymatic activity and gene expression in resistant and partially resistant genotypes, correlating with disease severity. Studying the physiological metabolic pathways of antioxidant enzymes activity is important for understanding resistance to R. solani in potatoes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Neda Sadeghpoor, Hosseinali Asadi Gharneh, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, Maryam Golabadi
Summary: We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian melons using 35 primer pairs, including SSR, ISSR, and SRAP markers, along with resistance to melon Fusarium wilt. The results showed high variation among melons when combining ISSR-SSR-SRAP markers. Several markers, including ISSR6, ISSR9, SRAP3, SRAP5, SSR3, and SSR6, performed well in evaluating the genetic diversity of the melon population. The correlation between disease severity and molecular markers was significant, suggesting that increasing the number of molecular markers can be a powerful tool in future agricultural and conservation tasks.
FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marzieh Moatamedi, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Maryam Monazzah, Vachik Gorgy Faridan, Arman Nasr-Esfahani, Elham Ghadirzadeh
Summary: In this study, the reactions of resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars to cereal-cyst-nematode (CCN) infection were investigated. Changes in the expression of gene markers (Cre and PRX groups) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (POX and CAT) were measured to understand the defense responses of wheat against CCN. The findings suggest that the resistant cultivars showed increased expression of Cre3, TaPrx111, and TaPrx112 genes, as well as increased activity of POX and CAT. These results provide additional genetic resources for wheat breeding programs.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Plant Sciences
Neda Sadeghpoor, Hosseinali Asadi Gharneh, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, Maryam Golabadi
FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Giti Alizadeh-Moghaddam, Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani, Zahra Rezayatmand, Mahdi Khozaei
Summary: This study analyzed 35 tomato genotypes for traits, biomass growth parameters, and genetic variation associated with resistance to early blight disease. Significant differences were found in leaf blade width, stem thickness, foliage density, and plant size, which correlated positively with resistance. Negative correlations were observed between mature fruit size, fruit pericarp thickness, leaf type, and resistance. Susceptible tomato seedlings showed reduced biomass parameters. Molecular markers revealed high genetic variability among the tomato genotypes. The combined use of phenotypic and molecular markers is valuable for assessing genetic diversity associated with early blight disease resistance.
Article
Mycology
Reza Hejazi, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Mojdeh Maleki, Ezzatollah Sedaghatfar
Summary: The resistant and susceptible potato genotypes were analyzed using gene and enzyme analysis methods to study their resistance to Rhizoctonia solani. The results showed that resistant genotypes exhibited better characteristics in terms of biomass, gene expression level, and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Article
Mycology
Masoud Mazaheri Tehrani, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Amir Mousavi, Forough Mortezaiinezhad, Mohammad Hosein Azimi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the diversity, genetic relationships, and reaction to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (FOG) in 26 promising Iris hybrids and their parents. The results showed significant differences in morphological traits between the hybrids and parents. Additionally, the hybrids exhibited high genetic diversity and varied levels of resistance to FOG.
Article
Mycology
Zainab Zolfaghary, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Khoshnood Nourollahi, Hamid Akbarzadeh
Summary: Wheat, an important and strategic crop worldwide, is seriously affected by common root and crown rot disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. This study confirmed B. sorokiniana as the causal agent of the disease and evaluated the genetic diversity of the isolates using SSR markers. The results provide important insights for preventing and controlling wheat root rot.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani
Summary: The study found that sprinkler and drip irrigation, as well as single and double row planting, have significant effects in reducing potato early blight disease. Delaying planting date and choosing resistant cultivars also effectively reduce disease incidence. Furthermore, the use of low-consumption fungicides is an effective method for controlling potato early blight disease.
ARCHIVES OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY AND PLANT PROTECTION
(2022)