Review
Food Science & Technology
Tianxu Li, Yuan Wan, Yaqi Meng, Qiaoyun Zhou, Bin Li, Yijie Chen, Ling Wang
Summary: Capsaicin, the main component of red pepper, has shown various bioactivities in recent years. Previous studies have suggested that capsaicin may have potential effects on the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), but most research focuses on the relationship between capsaicin and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). However, capsaicin can relieve the symptoms of FD through multiple mechanisms such as desensitizing nociceptive fibers, regulating neurotransmitters, combating viruses and inflammation, balancing gut microbiota, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and reducing oxidative stress damage.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rajan Singh, Hannah Zogg, Uday C. Ghoshal, Seungil Ro
Summary: This article introduces the re-naming of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) as disorders of gut-brain interactions. These conditions are common in both clinical practice and the community, and are associated with various pathophysiological mechanisms. Current treatment options include lifestyle modifications and gut microbiota manipulation, but treatment targeting the underlying causes is limited.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yuki Ushimaru, Tatsuhiro Masaoka, Noriko Matsuura, Yasushi Yamasaki, Yoji Takeuchi, Kotaro Yamashita, Takuro Saito, Koji Tanaka, Kazuyoshi Yamamoto, Tomoki Makino, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Yukinori Kurokawa, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Yuichiro Doki, Kiyokazu Nakajima
Summary: This study demonstrated the feasibility of maintaining stable intragastric pressure using a pressure-regulated endoscopic insufflator during endoscopic procedures, which holds potential for evaluating visceral hypersensitivity related to functional dyspepsia.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Clive H. Wilder-Smith, Andrea Materna, Soren S. Olesen
Summary: Blueberries have beneficial effects on the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study, patients with FGID received freeze-dried blueberries or placebo. The blueberry treatment group showed improvements in GSRS scores, abdominal symptom relief, quality of life, and life functioning compared to the placebo group.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Noemi Caballero, Ingrid Marin, Jordi Serra
Summary: This study evaluated transit and tolerance of gastric gas in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, finding that different types of patients exhibited distinct responses to gas, suggesting that therapeutic interventions should be tailored to specific pathophysiological disturbances.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Sarnelli, Marcella Pesce, Luisa Seguella, Jie Lu, Eleonora Efficie, Jan Tack, Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma, Alessandra D'Alessandro, Giuseppe Esposito
Summary: The study found that patients with functional dyspepsia show an enhanced response of increased mast cells and their mediators in acidic environment. By modulating TRPV receptors and mast cell activation, PEA could be considered an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating FD.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shaoqi Duan, Nobuko Imamura, Takashi Kondo, Hirosato Kanda, Yoko Kogure, Takuya Okugawa, Masashi Fukushima, Toshihiko Tomita, Tadayuki Oshima, Hirokazu Fukui, Koichi Noguchi, Yi Dai, Hiroto Miwa
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on gastric hypersensitivity, gastric motility, and duodenal micro-inflammation in a maternal separation (MS) stress-induced functional dyspepsia (FD) model. The results show that YKS treatment improves gastric hypersensitivity by alleviating eosinophil-associated micro-inflammation in the gastroduodenal tract.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Rocio Servin-Vences, Ruby M. Lam, Alize Koolen, Yu Wang, Dimah N. Saade, Meaghan Loud, Halil Kacmaz, Suzanne Frausto, Yunxiao Zhang, Arthur Beyder, Kara L. Marshall, Carsten G. Bonnemann, Alexander T. Chesler, Ardem Patapoutian
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract's movements are regulated by the presence of food and play a crucial role in digestion. The lack of PIEZO2 in humans leads to impaired bowel sensation and motility. In mice, Piezo2 in dorsal root neurons is required for sensing gut content and slows down food transit rates in various parts of the gut. This study uncovers the mechanosensory mechanisms that regulate gut transit and have important implications for digestion and waste removal.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gregory S. Sayuk, Jan Tack
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Tegaserod, a 5-HT4 agonist, was approved for the management of IBS-C and CIC but was later withdrawn due to concerns about adverse cardiovascular events. After generating additional safety data and undergoing a review, tegaserod was re-approved for use in IBS-C with restricted labeling. This review summarizes the regulatory journey and provides an overview of the pharmacokinetic, physiologic, clinical, and safety data of tegaserod.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Asma Fikree, Peter Byrne
Summary: Functional GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, are common conditions that significantly impact quality of life and healthcare utilization. These disorders are caused by abnormalities in GI functioning. Treatment involves lifestyle and diet modifications, addressing psychological comorbidity, and medication to target underlying pathophysiology.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ramasatyaveni Geesala, You-Min Lin, Ke Zhang, Xuan-Zheng Shi
Summary: Mechano-transcription is a process where mechanical stress alters gene expression, which can lead to pathophysiological changes in gastrointestinal disorders like inflammation, pain, and fibrosis. Studies have shown that persistent mechanical stress in the gut may result in visceral hypersensitivity, inflammation, and fibrosis development.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Desiree F. Baaleman, Carlos A. Velasco-Benitez, Laura M. Mendez-Guzman, Marc A. Benninga, Miguel Saps
Summary: There was minimal agreement in diagnosing FGIDs between the Rome III and Rome IV criteria in pediatric population. Differences were observed in specific disorders such as functional constipation and functional dyspepsia. Limitations with questionnaire-based prevalence measurement need to be considered.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ying Zhu, Feng Xu, Dewen Lu, Peijing Rong, Jiafei Cheng, Miaomiao Li, Yaoyao Gong, Chao Sun, Wei Wei, Lin Lin, Jiande D. Z. Chen
Summary: This study found that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation has therapeutic potential for functional dyspepsia by improving gastric accommodation and slow waves through enhancing vagal efferent activity, leading to alleviation of dyspeptic symptoms, anxiety, and depression.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhuanglong Xiao, Jing Xu, Jun Tan, Shengyan Zhang, Nian Wang, Ruiyun Wang, Pengcheng Yang, Tao Bai, Jun Song, Zhaohong Shi, Wenliang Lyu, Lei Zhang, Xiaohua Hou
Summary: Zhizhu Kuanzhong (ZZKZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in clinical therapy for functional dyspepsia (FD). This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of ZZKZ on gastric hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction in a rat model of FD. The results showed that ZZKZ improved FD-related gastric hypersensitivity and motor dysfunction, and the gastric 5-HT system with lower 5-HT3 activity and increased 5-HT4 distribution was involved in the mechanisms of ZZKZ underlying the treatment of FD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Su-Hong Chen, Li-Jie Zhu, Yi-Hui Zhi, Han-Song Wu, Lin-Zi Li, Bo Li, Shu-Hua Shen, Gui-Yuan Lv, Kun-Gen Wang
Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and mechanism of action of PTS on rats with FD induced by iodoacetamide gavage and tail clamping. Network pharmacology approach identified 139 bioactive components and 17 potential targets of PTS, indicating that PTS could reduce 5-HT secretion and alleviate FD symptoms through the serotonergic synaptic pathway. Animal experiments showed that PTS increased body weight and food intake, improved autonomous activity, and decreased gastric acidity and secretion. Furthermore, PTS significantly decreased gastric sensitivity and improved gastrointestinal motility and the levels of GAS and MTL in FD rats.
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
(2023)