Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Christina M. Dauben, Maren J. Proll-Cornelissen, Esther M. Heuss, Anne K. Appel, Hubert Henne, Katharina Roth, Karl Schellander, Ernst Tholen, Christine Grosse-Brinkhaus
Summary: The study identified genomic regions associated with immune relevant traits in Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) piglets, with differences between the two maternal pig lines and relevant candidate genes. The results partly align with previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions, and novel genomic regions were also identified for further analysis. The study suggests a polygenic and breed-specific background of immune relevant traits, providing insights for breeding-based modification of the porcine immune system.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katharina Roth, Maren Julia Proell-Cornelissen, Hubert Henne, Anne Kathrin Appel, Karl Schellander, Ernst Tholen, Christine Grosse-Brinkhaus
Summary: This study evaluated the joint genetic background of immune traits in Landrace and Large White pigs through the application of various univariate and multivariate genome-wide association study approaches. Compared to univariate methods, multivariate methodologies identified more significant associations, which might reflect the pleiotropic background of the immune system more accurately.
Article
Entomology
Bo Qin, Shichao Yu, Qiming Chen, Li Hua Jin
Summary: Autophagy is an essential cellular process that regulates development and stress responses. However, its role in innate immunity is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Atg2, an autophagy-related protein, plays an important role in controlling innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Inhibiting Atg2 led to the formation of melanotic nodules, disrupted phagocytosis, altered the expression of AMP-encoding genes, and impaired the ability to resist bacterial infections.
Article
Cell Biology
Martina Gast, Vanasa Nageswaran, Andreas W. W. Kuss, Ana Tzvetkova, Xiaomin Wang, Liliana H. H. Mochmann, Pegah Ramezani Rad, Stefan Weiss, Stefan Simm, Tanja Zeller, Henry Voelzke, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Uwe Voelker, Stefan B. B. Felix, Marcus Doerr, Antje Beling, Carsten Skurk, David-Manuel Leistner, Bernhard H. H. Rauch, Tetsuro Hirose, Bettina Heidecker, Karin Klingel, Shinichi Nakagawa, Wolfram C. C. Poller, Filip K. K. Swirski, Arash Haghikia, Wolfgang Poller
Summary: The NEAT1-MALAT1 gene cluster generates noncoding transcripts that remain in the nucleus, while tRNA-like transcripts derived from these precursors translocate to the cytosol. The biological functions of these cytosolic transcripts are not well studied. In this study, selective disruption of menRNA and mascRNA revealed their critical roles in innate immunity, cytokine control, angiogenesis, and cell-cell interaction systems. Defects were also observed in antiviral response, foam cell formation, and macrophage polarization, providing new insights into the functions of menRNA and mascRNA. These transcripts represent novel components of innate immunity and have unique characteristics compared to other noncoding RNAs.
Article
Fisheries
Hongyan Yu, Xuewen Jia, Yifan Pang, Huiqin Niu, Biao Du, Xiaoyan Xu, Jiale Li
Summary: In this study, it was found that the TBK1 gene in grass carp could be upregulated by bacterial infection. Overexpression of TBK1 could reduce the number of adhesive bacteria in cells and promote cellular migration, proliferation, vitality, and anti-apoptosis ability. TBK1 could activate the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and induce autophagy in cells. These findings provide important information about the defense and immune mechanisms used by grass carp against pathogens.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Jiaqian Zhu, Yina Shao, Kaiyu Chen, Weiwei Zhang, Chenghua Li
Summary: Transglutaminases (TGases) play critical roles in innate immunity, with TGase2 involved in autophagy to help degrade protein aggregates. A novel TGase2-like gene, AjTGase2-like, was cloned from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, showing high conservation with vertebrate TGase2. AjTGase2-like was widely expressed and played a key role in immune response, acting as a positive regulator in sea cucumber autophagy.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Po-Yuan Ke
Summary: Autophagy regulates cellular metabolism and acts as a defense mechanism against viral infections. Recent studies have shown that virus-induced autophagy may promote viral replication by modulating host cellular processes, including the regulation of innate immunity mediated by RLR. This article provides an overview of the functional molecules and regulatory mechanisms of RLR antiviral immune response and autophagy, and summarizes the role of autophagy in regulating RLR antiviral signaling and the crosstalk between autophagy and RLR innate immunity.
Article
Immunology
Jeremy Bechelli, Claire S. Rumfield, David H. Walker, Steven Widen, Kamil Khanipov, Rong Fang
Summary: The study found that R. australis infection decreased levels of IFN-gamma and G-CSF in host mice, reduced rickettsial loads in tissues with cellular infiltrations, and regulated gene expression pathways such as IL-1 family cytokines and PI3K-Akt-mTOR in a manner dependent on Atg5. Additionally, infected macrophages released significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and there was an increase in phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K during the autophagic response induced by R. australis, which was not sensitive to mTORC1 regulation or promoted by rapamycin treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Wolfgang Poller, Susmita Sahoo, Roger Hajjar, Ulf Landmesser, Anna M. Krichevsky
Summary: While most of the human genome does not encode proteins, it is still transcriptionally active and produces a variety of noncoding RNAs with complex functions. Only a small fraction of these transcripts have been assigned specific functions. Research on the noncoding genome has revealed the complexity of the human genome and raised many unanswered questions. Recent studies suggest that noncoding RNAs could serve as novel therapeutic targets for human diseases and may be linked to brain evolution and the interaction between the brain and immune system.
Article
Cell Biology
Nanna-Sophie Brinck Andersen, Sofie Eg Jorgensen, Kristian Alsbjerg Skipper, Simon Muller Larsen, Johanna Heinz, Michelle Molgaard Thomsen, Ensieh Farahani, Yujia Cai, Alon Schneider Hait, Lise Kay, Jacob Giehm Mikkelsen, Mariane Hogsbjerg Schleimann, Martin Kristian Thomsen, Soren R. Paludan, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This study found that a defect in ATG7 in patients contributes to increased host susceptibility to poliovirus infection, and autophagy is proposed as an underappreciated antiviral effector in viral infection in humans.
Article
Fisheries
Yusuf Jibril Habib, Haifu Wan, Yulong Sun, Jialong Shi, Chengjie Yao, Jiaming Lin, Hui Ge, Yilei Wang, Ziping Zhang
Summary: This study conducted a genome-wide study of Toll-like receptor genes in Pacific white shrimps for the first time, identifying 11 TLR genes. The majority of these genes were found to be ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and significantly upregulated at different time points after infection, suggesting their significant roles in the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victor Chien-Chia Wu, Yan-Rong Li, Chao-Yung Wang
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors, a new class of anti-diabetic drugs, improve glycemic control and have the benefits of reducing blood pressure and body weight. Clinical studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors not only improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, but also reduce hospitalization for heart failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanjiao Jin, Jie Yang, Shuyue Zhang, Xuefeng Shi, Jin Li, Songlin Wang
Summary: Novel pleiotropic loci for oral inflammatory diseases were identified, highlighting the importance of immune regulation in the pathogenesis of OIDs. These findings will enhance understanding of OIDs' pathogenesis and aid in risk screening, prevention, and the development of novel drugs.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Prashanta Silwal, In Soo Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: Autophagy plays a crucial role in enhancing the immune responses and controlling inflammation against NTM infections, and holds potential as a therapeutic target for combating NTM infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mario A. Lauterbach, Victor Saavedra, Matthew S. J. Mangan, Anke Penno, Christoph Thiele, Eicke Latz, Lars Kuerschner
Summary: The study reveals that deoxysphingolipids have an impact on autophagy, potentially leading to inflammation and abnormalities in the innate immune system.
