期刊
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
卷 75, 期 4, 页码 S191-S198出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01564.x
关键词
carotenoids; 5,6-epoxyxanthophylls; pheophytins; wine grapes; zeaxanthin
资金
- Italian Ministry of the Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies
Carotenoid compounds in wine grapes (Chardonnay, Merlot, Primitivo, Negroamaro) grown in Apulian region were investigated by chromatographic and spectrometric analyses. Cis-isomers of lutein and beta-carotene (9Z, 9'Z-lutein and 9Z-beta-carotene) and 5,6-epoxyxanthophylls were detected: 9'Z-neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and 5,6-epoxylutein. Moreover, zeaxanthin was efficiently resolved from lutein by a selective factor > 1 (alpha = 1.06) and was found in high amounts (50 to 300 mu g/kg) in the grape extracts analyzed in 3 y of study (2006 to 2008). At grape maturity, beta-carotene had concentration approximately 2- to 4-fold higher than (all-E)-lutein in all varieties. Because carotenoids are potential precursors of aroma compounds, it was determined carotenoids change Delta C (mu g/kg), from the difference of total carotenoids concentration between veraison and maturity. Chardonnay and Merlot had the highest Delta C values and principal component analysis showed that they were characterized by 5,6-epoxyxanthophylls derivatives and zeaxanthin, lutein, and beta-carotene derivatives, respectively. An important effect of vintage on Delta C values in the analyzed grapes was also observed. A strong positive correlation was determined between Delta C and temperature data that seem to be responsible for the difference of Delta C in the Chardonnay and Merlot compared to the Primitivo and Negroamaro varieties.
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