Article
Environmental Sciences
Olina ohrn, Kesavarao Sykam, Sidique Gawusu, Rhoda Afriyie Mensah, Michael Forsth, Vigneshwaran Shanmugam, N. B. Karthik Babu, Gabriel Sas, Lin Jiang, Qiang Xu, Agoston Restas, Oisik Das
Summary: In this study, the effectiveness of a zinc oxide (ZnO) powder coating in improving the fire safety of wood exposed to radiative heat flux was examined. Two different amounts of ZnO (0.5 and 1 g ZnO per dm2) were applied to the wood surface and subjected to radiative heat. The results showed that applying ZnO significantly increased the ignition time of the wood, demonstrating a potential method to delay wood ignition and reduce flame spread.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Xin-Chao Wang, Ya-Peng Sun, Jie Sheng, Tie Geng, Lih-Sheng Turng, Yong-Gang Guo, Xian-Hu Liu, Chun-Tai Liu
Summary: This study incorporated expansible graphite (EG) as a flame retardant into polyurethane foams (PUFs) to improve their fire resistance. The addition of EG reduced bubble size and increased mass density in PUFs, while maintaining their functional group structures. Such addition also enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy without significantly compromising compression strength. These findings provide useful guidelines for the industrial production and applications of PUFs.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Gopika Venu, Jitha S. Jayan, Appukuttan Saritha, Kuruvilla Joseph
Summary: Biobased epoxies are gaining interest as potential substitutes for commercial resins, with properties comparable to those of commercial resins. However, their low flame retardancy limits their utility in certain applications. Current research focuses on addressing these issues and classifying different flame retardants for biobased epoxies.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Wentao He, Huahui Xu, Pingan Song, Yushu Xiang, Shuhao Qin
Summary: P, N-decorated halloysite nanotubes were prepared and incorporated into polyamide 6/aluminum diethylphosphinic acid composite, leading to improved flame retardancy. The flame retardant mechanism involves the formation of intumescent char and enhanced barrier effect for heat and mass transfer.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Feng-Ming He, Bo-Wen Liu, Li Chen, De-Ming Guo, Xiao-Min Ding, Yan-Fang Xiao, Hai-Bo Zhao, Wen-Da Li, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: Two Schiff-base containing phosphonate oligomers, PSA and POSC, were designed as novel flame retardants for PA 6, achieving improved flame retardancy without sacrificing mechanical properties. The different flame-retardant mechanisms of these two additives were comprehensively studied, leading to the development of efficient flame-retardant polyamide composites with excellent performance.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kesiya George, Smita Mohanty, Manoranjan Biswal, Sanjay K. Nayak
Summary: The study investigates the impact of different flame retardants on the performance of EPDM/KF rubber composites, showing that the combination of ZB and APP enhances the flame retardant properties and thermal stability of the composites.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongyu Lu, Deqi Yi, Haisheng Feng, Boyou Hou, Jianwei Hao
Summary: In this study, the influence of crystal structure difference of melamine trimetaphosphate (MAP) on the application performance of its polymer composites was explored. An intumescent flame retardant with the optimal crystal type, I-MAP and II-MAP, was synthesized and used to improve the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of polyamide 6 (PA6). The comprehensive characterization of morphology, chemical composition, and thermal stability was conducted, and the dispersion, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of PA6/I-MAP and PA6/II-MAP were evaluated. The results showed that PA6/II-MAP exhibited significantly improved tensile strength, flame rating, and PHRR compared to PA6/I-MAP.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Tao Zheng, Wengui Wang, Yaochi Liu
Summary: In this study, a novel phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant CN-DOPO was successfully synthesized and applied in PA6 composites, showing an increase in LOI value and passing UL-94 rating without significant deterioration in mechanical properties of PA6. The morphological analysis revealed that CN-DOPO formed a highly integrated char layer during combustion, while decomposed gases could dilute flammable volatiles, indicating a special gas-condensed phase synergistic flame-retardant mechanism in PA6/CN-DOPO composites.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Wen-Jie Jin, Wei-Lin He, Liang Gu, Xian-Wei Cheng, Jin-Ping Guan
Summary: This study developed an eco-friendly intumescent flame retardant coating for polyamide 6 fabric. The coated fabric exhibited excellent flame retardancy with reduced heat release rate and eliminated dripping. The mechanical properties of the fabric were minimally affected by the coating.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Marouane El Gazi, Rodolphe Sonnier, Stephane Giraud, Marcos Batistella, Shantanu Basak, Loic Dumazert, Raymond Hajj, Roland El Hage
Summary: The study found that the flammability of thermally thin materials is primarily determined by sample weight, with the peak of heat release rate and burning rate being influenced by fire load. A simple model was proposed to calculate pHRR based on heat flux, sample weight, and effective heat of combustion. This model can predict easily the peak of heat release rate and guide flame retardant strategies.
Article
Polymer Science
Yanlu Sun, Zhengqi Wang, Dequn Wu, Xueli Wang, Jianyong Yu, Ruchao Yuan, Faxue Li
Summary: The lack of flame retardants with suitable thermal properties and high flame retardancy hinders the development of flame-retardant polyamide 6 (PA6). In this study, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant (CBPB) with flame-responsive nitrile groups was synthesized, and its properties matched those required for flame retardancy in PA6. PA6/CBPB composites (FR-PA6s) were prepared by blending CBPB into the PA6 matrix, resulting in materials with V-0 UL-94 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.0% when 8 wt% of CBPB was added. FR-PA6-6, a representative composite with 6 wt% CBPB, exhibited good mechanical properties and self-extinction in 4 seconds during vertical burning tests, with minimal dripping.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haisheng Feng, Dinghua Li, Bo Cheng, Tinglu Song, Rongjie Yang
Summary: This study investigates the combustion behaviors of OPS/ADP/PA6, demonstrating the synergistic effect of OPS and ADP in reducing heat, smoke, and CO release rates in PA6. The use of a cross-linked charring strategy significantly mitigates the smoke and heat hazards of PA6.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Gao, Wentao He, Yushu Xiang, Lijuan Long, Shuhao Qin
Summary: The study demonstrated that DOPO-NH2 showed superior thermal, flame retardant, and mechanical performances to PA6 composites, mainly due to the existence of amino terminal group which improved the compatibility between the flame retardant and PA6 matrix.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
M. Rashidir, K. Chetehouna, N. Gascoin, A. Cable
Summary: Strict fire safety regulations hinder the practical applications of green biocomposites due to their vulnerability to heat and flames. Various flame-retardant treatments and techniques have been introduced to improve their fire resistance, but further research is needed to meet stringent fire safety standards and develop more environmentally friendly flame-retardants.
Article
Polymer Science
Wen-Jie Jin, Xian-Wei Cheng, Wei-Lin He, Liang Gu, Jin-Ping Guan
Summary: This study developed an eco-friendly and sustainable flame retardant approach for polyamide 6 (PA6) fabrics using natural products. The synthesized biomass phytate taurine salt (PTS) was coated onto PA6 fabric, improving its flame retardant performance. The coated fabric showed excellent flame retardancy even after multiple wash cycles.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Cevdet Kaynak, S. Deniz Varsavas
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Polymer Science
Y. Meyva-Zeybek, C. Kaynak
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
O. Polat, C. Kaynak
INTERNATIONAL POLYMER PROCESSING
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ipek Bayraktar, Doga Doganay, Sahin Coskun, Cevdet Kaynak, Gulcin Akca, Husnu Emrah Unalan
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ulas Can, Cevdet Kaynak
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ulas Can, Cevdet Kaynak
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Esma Avil, Ferhat Kadioglu, Cevdet Kaynak
JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
Yelda Meyva-Zeybek, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: This study aimed to determine the optimal electrospinning parameters using the Taguchi technique for both neat PLA and PLA/POSS nanofibers. By reducing the number of experiments and applying the same parameters for both types of fibers, time, labor, and material consumption were significantly decreased.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Yelda Meyva Zeybek, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: This study investigated the influences of three parameters on the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactide (PLA) matrix nanocomposites filled with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) particles. The study found that the optimum filler content for improved mechanical properties was 1 wt%; the pd-POSS structure was optimal for strength and modulus, while the basic POSS structure excelled in fracture toughness. Additionally, the use of maleic anhydride (MA) compatibilization was particularly effective for basic POSS and os-POSS particles.
POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Gokberk Demirok, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: This study investigated the usability of polylactide (PLA) biopolymer as the matrix for high-performance composite laminated structures, and found that laminating PLA with woven carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) layers significantly improved mechanical and thermal properties. The mechanical properties of PLA/CF laminates approached those of epoxy/CF laminates, demonstrating the potential for replacing traditional thermoset epoxy matrix with renewable PLA matrix. However, proper sizing treatment with a PLA compatible silane coupling agent was necessary for woven GF laminates.
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yigit Kemal Okten, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: This study evaluates the effects of certain processing parameters on the mechanical performance of carbon/epoxy towpreg wound composite structures. The research finds that high tension forces can solve the issue of maintaining a straight towpreg path necessary for efficient winding operations. The hydrostatic burst pressure tests show that the vessel samples with a helical-hoop-helical winding layer sequence exhibit optimum performance.
JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ismail Baha Marti, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: The usability of resistance welding joining method for PAEK/CF laminates was investigated by studying effects of different interlayer forms. It was found that the use of stainless steel meshes as heating elements provided proper amperage levels for the heating, melting, and crystallization stages of the PAEK matrix. Thicker and heavier woven glass fiber forms should be used as insulating layers to prevent current leakage and improve interlaminar mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Merve Atlioglu, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of laser and plasma surface treatments on the adhesion performance of primer painting on Poly(phenylene sulfide)/Carbon Fiber (PPS/CF) composite laminates. Surface characterization showed that all treated samples had significantly improved adhesion compared to untreated samples. The success of sandblasted samples was attributed to efficient mechanical interlocking, while laser treated samples had both mechanical interlocking and chemical interactions, and plasma treated samples had mainly chemical bonding.
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yelda Meyva-Zeybek, Cevdet Kaynak
Summary: This study compared the performance of 3D-printed PLA/POSS nanocomposites with compression molded PLA/POSS specimens, showing significant improvements in strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness values of the 3D-printed specimens. It was observed that the physical structure and mechanical properties of the 3D-printed specimens remained almost unaffected even after being stored for 120 days in a physiological solution.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Deniz Varsavas, Cevdet Kaynak
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
