Article
Engineering, Environmental
Aleix Balasch, Teresa Moreno, Ethel Eljarrat
Summary: Inhalation of PM2.5, dust ingestion, and dermal contact with dust are important pathways for human exposure to OPE contaminants. This study assesses the contamination levels of OPE in various indoor environments and finds that the concentration levels are below human health risk limits, although they may be only 2 times below the threshold for carcinogenic risk.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ekaterina Mostovenko, Christopher G. Canal, MiJin Cho, Kirti Sharma, Aaron Erdely, Matthew J. Campen, Andrew K. Ottens
Summary: The field of nanoscience has revealed the wide diversity of nano-scale particulates from natural and anthropogenic sources, raising concerns about their impacts on human health. Inhalation is the primary route of entry, depositing nanoparticles deep into the lungs and potentially affecting organs like the cardiovascular system and brain. Research has shown that the translocation of nanoparticles from the lungs to the circulation, as well as the release of molecules from the lungs into the bloodstream, can lead to various systemic outcomes.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hui-Been Lim, Si-Hyun Park, Hyong-Jin Hong, Ji-Yun Jeong, Hee-Seok Kim, Cheol-Min Lee
Summary: Through conducting a health risk assessment of residents in a hypothetical acrylic acid leak accident scenario and comparing it to an actual accident case, it was found that inhalation exposure to acrylic acid may pose a health risk.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katharina Bluemlein, Norman Nowak, Birthe Ellinghusen, Susanne Gerling, Philipp Badorrek, Tanja Hansen, Jens M. Hohlfeld, Roland Paul, Sven Schuchardt
Summary: Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics in hen houses at poultry feeding farms, particularly enrofloxacin, was investigated in this study. The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were studied in six healthy volunteers using dermal, oral, and inhaled intake routes. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used but showed underestimation of elimination rate, indicating limitations in available information and physico-chemical properties of the drug. The results suggested that oral uptake, including airborne enrofloxacin and direct hand-mouth contact, was the major source of occupational exposure in hen houses, while dermal exposure was considered negligible.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephanie C. Hammel, Helle Vibeke Andersen, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Marie Frederiksen
Summary: The use of PCBs in buildings and their persistence in indoor environments has led to current and elevated exposure in humans. A study in a housing estate in Denmark assessed personal exposure to PCBs and found that inhalation of contaminated indoor air was the major source of exposure, followed by dermal absorption. The study also demonstrated that exposure among residents in contaminated apartments was significantly higher than those in non-contaminated apartments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Mihye Kwon, Jung Bae Park, Miwha Kwon, Jinho Song, Chang Su Yeo, Soo Hyeon Bae
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of PE and its metabolite PAA in rats, finding rapid absorption of PE and its extensive metabolism to form PAA, with decreased exposures after multiple dosing primarily excreted in urine. A PBPK model of PE and PAA was successfully developed to simulate systemic exposures under NOAEL for dermal and inhalation applications.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Emanoela Lundgren Tha, Andrezza Di Pietro Micali Canavez, Desiree Cigaran Schuck, Viviana Stephanie Costa Gagosian, Marcio Lorencini, Daniela Morais Leme
Summary: Dermal contact is the main exposure route for most cosmetics, with inhalation exposure potentially significant for certain formulations; current regulations lack specific tests for respiratory irritation and sensitisation, highlighting the need for new methods to assess inhalation risk from chemicals in cosmetics.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingzhu Fang, Zhonglu Liao, Xiaoliang Ji, Xuan Zhu, Zhenfeng Wang, Changjie Lu, Chenwei Shi, Zheng Chen, Liyun Ge, Minghua Zhang, Randy A. Dahlgren, Xu Shang
Summary: This study identified that ingestion of atmospheric-deposited microplastics during routine dining/drinking activities is an important exposure pathway, in addition to inhalation. The measured abundances of atmospheric-deposited microplastics were high, with a dominance of amorphous fragments. The ingestion of atmospheric-deposited microplastics through diet was found to be similar to inhalation exposure but significantly greater than direct ingestion from food sources. Simple mitigation strategies can effectively reduce the exposure of atmospheric-deposited microplastics through diet.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Christina Vlachou, Katharina Vejdovszky, Antonia Griesbacher, Klemens Fuchs, Johann Steinwider, Daniela Hofstaedter
Summary: This study assessed the aggregate exposure to cadmium in the human body, focusing on the kidney toxicity. It found that smokers are at higher risk than non-smokers, especially for women.
EXPOSURE AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenchuo Yao, Daniel L. Gallagher, Andrea M. Dietrich
Summary: This research reveals that inhalation of manganese particles produced from ultrasonic humidifiers may pose greater risks than ingestion at the same water concentration, especially for children. The concentration of manganese in water and room size can influence these risks.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoke Wang, Zixuan Zhao, Xin Wang, Wenxuan Hu, Chao Luo, Xiuyu Chu, Muzhou Qian, Rui Wang, Shali Yu, Qiyun Wu, Juan Tang, Xinyuan Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that exposure to high doses of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) through inhalation during pregnancy can lead to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both dam and offspring. This highlights the potential health risks of airborne plastic particles.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ewa Olkowska, Goran Grzinic
Summary: This article discusses the available alternative skin models for phthalate permeation studies, including ex vivo animal skin, human reconstructed skin, and artificial skin models. The use of these models is crucial for evaluating the impact and toxicity of phthalate compounds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alex Enuneku, Ozekeke Ogbeide, Benjamin Okpara, Bawo Frank Kubeyinje, Oluwafunke Job, Charming Osaro Asemota, Tunde Imoobe, Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
Summary: A comprehensive study in an urban area in Warri, Nigeria revealed varying levels of PAH contamination in soils, with high carcinogenic potential that could lead to cancer in children and adults upon exposure.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaochen Tang, Neal Benowitz, Lara Gundel, Bo Hang, Christopher M. Havel, Eunha Hoh, Peyton Jacob, Jian-Hua Mao, Manuela Martins-Green, Georg E. Matt, Penelope J. E. Quintana, Marion L. Russell, Altaf Sarker, Suzaynn F. Schick, Antoine M. Snijders, Hugo Destaillats
Summary: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) may pose long-term health risks to nonsmokers, especially in homes contaminated with thirdhand smoke.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Tariq Mehmood, Muhammad Azher Hassan, Muhammad Faheem, Awais Shakoor
Summary: Recent research shows a clear distinction between indoor and outdoor microplastics, but there is limited understanding of different microplastic types and their relative exposure to humans through inhalation. Microplastics formed from different plastic types have distinct features and varying health risks depending on the environment. It is important to explicitly define the exposure intensity and health risk of each microplastic type, especially in indoor and outdoor settings.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)