Article
Microbiology
Dennis Maletich Junqueira, Caroline Tochetto, Tavis K. Anderson, Danielle Gava, Vanessa Haach, Mauricio E. Cantao, Amy L. Vincent Baker, Rejane Schaefer
Summary: This study analyzed a large number of H1N1pdm09 gene sequences from humans and swine globally between 2009 and 2022, and found that there was rapid transmission of the virus from humans to swine in Brazil during 2009-2011, but most of the infections in swine were self-limited with limited onward transmission. After 2012, there was a reduction in human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 transmissions in Brazil. The study highlights the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Veronica A. Ferrando, Marcel E. Friedrich, Shrey Gandhi, Alexander Mellmann, Doerthe Masemann, Anmari Christersson, Darisuren Anhlan, Linda Brunotte, Monika Stoll, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: Influenza A viruses, including the H1N1pdm09 virus, cause recurrent epidemics and occasional pandemics in humans. The reassortment of these viruses in swine and their ability to replicate in human lung tissue suggest a possible zoonotic potential. Reassortment frequently occurs in the PB1, PA, and NA segments, resulting in the generation of reassortants that can reach high titers in swine lung cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Michael Lutz, Jordana Schmierer, Toru Takimoto
Summary: Avian species are the main source of pandemic influenza A viruses that can infect humans. This study found that avian influenza A virus genes, including PA, PB1, and PB2, need to undergo host-adaptive mutations in order to replicate and transmit in humans. It was discovered that the PA gene from the 2009 pH1N1 strain had host-adaptive mutations that enhanced viral replication by increasing translation efficiency. This was achieved through increased cytosolic accumulation of viral mRNA, which depended on the host RNA binding protein GRSF1. Mutations to the GRSF1 binding site and knockdown of GRSF1 reduced viral mRNA accumulation and translation efficiency. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which host-adaptive mutations in PA regulate viral replication and host adaptation.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Min Dou, Wenjun Song, Yongping Lin, Qigao Chen, Chang Lu, Zhongmin Liu
Summary: The study analyzed clinical characteristics and viral genes in patients with severe pneumonia due to H1N1 influenza virus in Guangzhou in 2019. Risk factors for severe disease were identified as chronic lung disease and cardiovascular disease, with a significant rate of secondary infections in critically ill patients. Furthermore, serum IL-8 levels were significantly higher in critically ill patients compared to nonsevere patients and healthy controls.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhihong Qian, Dylan H. H. Morris, Annika Avery, Karen A. A. Kormuth, Valerie Le Sage, Michael M. M. Myerburg, James O. O. Lloyd-Smith, Linsey C. C. Marr, Seema S. S. Lakdawala
Summary: Respiratory viruses can be transmitted through contaminated surfaces, or fomites. This study examined the stability of the H1N1 virus on different surface materials at varying humidities. The results showed that the virus was rapidly inactivated on copper, but remained stable on plastics, steel, aluminum, and glass. The stability of the virus was more influenced by the respiratory secretion of the host than the surface material.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Gloria Perez-Rubio, Marco Antonio Ponce-Gallegos, Bruno Andre Dominguez-Mazzocco, Jaime Ponce-Gallegos, Roman Alejandro Garcia-Ramirez, Ramces Falfan-Valencia
Summary: Research has shown that genetic susceptibility to Influenza A virus infection is influenced by multiple pathways, including innate immune response, complement activation, and variants in inflammatory response genes. Specific gene polymorphisms such as SNPs play key roles in host immune responses, affecting viral replication and host response, representing important factors in genetic susceptibility to IAV infection.
Article
Immunology
Krista Salo-Tuominen, Tamara Teros-Jaakkola, Laura Toivonen, Helena Ollila, Paivi Rautava, Minna Aromaa, Elina Lahti, Niina Junttila, Ville Peltola
Summary: The study investigated the association between parental socioeconomic and psychosocial factors and the uptake of the 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine in children. It found that children of younger and less educated mothers had a lower rate of vaccine uptake. However, the individual or relational psychosocial well-being of parents was not associated with children's vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Jiapei Yu, Hui Li, Ju Jia, Zhisheng Huang, Shuai Liu, Ying Zheng, Shengrui Mu, Xiaoyan Deng, Xiaohui Zou, Yeming Wang, Xiao Shang, Dan Cui, Lixue Huang, Xiaoxuan Feng, William J. Liu, Bin Cao
Summary: Despite the use of vaccines and anti-viral drugs, influenza A virus still poses a significant epidemic risk to global public health. Through single-cell transcriptome analyses, we have identified the high heterogeneity of susceptibility to viral infection and biological responses in different subsets of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells. Effector memory CD8(+) T cells (CD8(+) T-EM) were found to be the most susceptible subset to pandemic influenza A virus infection among primary human T cells. Non-productive infection was established in CD8(+) T-EM and naive CD8(+) T cells, indicating the mechanisms of intracellular antiviral activities in human T cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seungwon Kim, Margaret Carrel, Andrew Kitchen
Summary: Identifying the spatial patterns of genetic structure of influenza A viruses is important for understanding their spread. This study analyzed the genetic sequences of the A/H1N1pdm09 virus in mainland China and found that there is high genetic similarity among viruses within small geographic regions, but broad-scale genetic differentiation. Local viral circulation has a greater impact on the spatial genetic structure of the virus than countrywide viral mixing and gene flow.
Article
Virology
Helen E. Everett, Pauline M. van Diemen, Mario Aramouni, Andrew Ramsay, Vivien J. Coward, Vincent Pavot, Laetitia Canini, Barbara Holzer, Sophie Morgan, Mark E. J. Woolhouse, Elma Tchilian, Sharon M. Brookes, Ian H. Brown, Bryan Charleston, Sarah Gilbert
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of different vaccines in reducing nasal shedding in pigs following pH1N1 virus challenge and their transmission to naive, directly in-contact pigs. Vaccines containing homologous HA significantly reduced virus shedding, yet transmission still occurred to susceptible cohoused recipients. The findings are crucial for informing disease surveillance and control strategies and determining necessary vaccine coverage for disease moderation or herd protection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Moegi Kuroda, Tatsufumi Usui, Chiharu Shibata, Haruka Nishigaki, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
Summary: In 2019, a case of bidirectional infection between humans and pigs occurred in a swine farm in Japan. An employee with influenza-like illness transmitted the infection to sows, which subsequently infected a veterinarian and her family. Whole-genome analysis confirmed that the viruses isolated from all individuals belonged to the same lineage. Unique mutations in the influenza A virus genomes corresponding to the host species were also identified.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Di Gong, Tao Jiang, Liping Lu
Summary: This paper empirically analyzes the impact of pandemic on the contracting of bank loans. Using data on syndicated loans during the season of H1N1 Swine Flu, we find that more flu is associated with higher loan spreads and smaller loan size. The adverse impact of pandemic was alleviated by the approval of vaccines.
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Nima Ghalekhani, Saied Bokaie, Sana Eybpoosh, Hesameddin Akbarein, Hamid Sharifi
Summary: Using Bayesian phylogeography analysis, this study investigates the time and path of transmission of H1N1 serotype influenza A viruses in Iran and neighboring countries. The study finds that the age of emergence of H1N1 virus in Iran is older compared to neighboring countries, and Tehran seems to have played a key role in its transmission within Iran. Continuous monitoring and screening of H1N1 virus, along with addressing gaps and shortages in virus control, are important measures to be taken.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Cable, Anthony Fauci, William E. Dowling, Stephan Guenther, Dennis A. Bente, Pragya Dhruv Yadav, Lawrence C. Madoff, Lin-Fa Wang, Rahul K. Arora, Maria Van Kerkhove, May C. Chu, Thomas Jaenisch, Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon David William Frost, Daniel G. Bausch, Lisa E. Hensley, Eric Bergeron, Ioannis Sitaras, Michael D. Gunn, Thomas W. Geisbert, Cesar Munoz-Fontela, Florian Krammer, Emmie de Wit, Pontus Nordenfelt, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Sarah C. Gilbert, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Luis M. Branco, Sylvain Baize, Neeltje van Doremalen, Marco A. Krieger, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Renske Hesselink, Dan Hartman
Summary: The importance of maintaining and strengthening investments in infrastructure, collaborations, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, diagnostics, etc. during the COVID-19 pandemic to enable quick, concerted responses to future threats, especially to zoonotic pathogens, was emphasized during a symposium gathering researchers from various sectors.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vaclav Brazda, Otilia Porubiakova, Alessio Cantara, Natalia Bohalova, Jan Coufal, Martin Bartas, Miroslav Fojta, Jean-Louis Mergny
Summary: The study identified multiple potential G-quadruplex forming sequences in the G4-EA-H1N1 genomes, which could serve as potential therapeutic targets.