Article
Genetics & Heredity
Joanna L. Fiddler, Jamie E. Blum, Katarina E. Heyden, Luisa F. Castillo, Anna E. Thalacker-Mercer, Martha S. Field
Summary: This study found that the loss of the SHMT2 gene leads to impaired mitochondrial folate accumulation and respiration, formate production, glycolytic activity, and cellular proliferation. These changes persist even after a potentially compensatory increase in mitochondrial biogenesis as a result of decreased SHMT2 levels.
GENES AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lanfranco D'Elia, Maria Masulli, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Aquilino F. Zarrella, Pasquale Strazzullo, Ferruccio Galletti
Summary: This meta-analysis found a non-linear relationship between dietary potassium intake and the risk of diabetes. The results support campaigns promoting an increase in dietary potassium intake to reduce the risk of disease and mortality.
Article
Dermatology
Hanako Koguchi-Yoshioka, Rei Watanabe, Yutaka Matsumura, Yosuke Ishitsuka, Sae Inoue, Junichi Furuta, Yoshiyuki Nakamura, Naoko Okiyama, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Yasuhiro Fujisawa, Manabu Fujimoto
Summary: This study identified that psoriatic patients with high serum LDH level can benefit from apremilast treatment, which is associated with the enhanced respiratory activity of T cells in psoriasis.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yen-Nung Lin, Tzu-Tian Tseng, Pim Knuiman, Wing P. Chan, Shan-Hong Wu, Chi-Lin Tsai, Chih-Yang Hsu
Summary: The study found that protein supplementation during chronic endurance training significantly increased aerobic capacity, stimulated lean mass gain, and improved time trial performance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Abdelaziz Soulimani, Mustapha Benjillali, Hatim Chergui, Daniel B. da Costa
Summary: The paper introduces a comprehensive closed-form performance analysis framework for multihop communications over Weibull fading channels, evaluating various metrics and deriving optimal transmit power allocation strategies. The utility of the analytical results is illustrated through numerical examples and Monte-Carlo simulations, along with providing generalized MATLAB codes for computing Fox's H-functions.
JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Mauro Nardon, Federico Ruzzante, Leslie O'Donnell, Alessandra Adami, Sudarshan Dayanidhi, Matteo Bertucco
Summary: Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have higher energy expenditure and oxygen cost during walking compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) individuals, with a strong relationship across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. Oxygen cost is considered the preferred parameter to assess walking efficacy in CP, but there is a knowledge gap in age-related changes of walking efficiency across GMFCS levels. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore the energetics of walking in this population.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andreas Nord, Neil B. Metcalfe, Jennifer L. Page, Anna Huxtable, Dominic J. McCafferty, Neal J. Dawson
Summary: This study examined the changes in mitochondrial function in endotherms in cold regions preparing for winter, with findings showing that Coal and Great tits increased their mitochondrial respiration rate and volume in winter to enhance heat production capacity.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jia Zeng, Jie Cai, Diming Wang, Hongyun Liu, Huizeng Sun, Jianxin Liu
Summary: Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence increase the risk of heat stress in high-yielding dairy cows, leading to low milk quality and yield. This study investigates the role of oxygen metabolism in the health status of dairy cows under different levels of heat stress by measuring milk yield, composition, and blood biochemical variables.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donatienne D'Hose, Lionel Mignion, Loic Hamelin, Pierre Sonveaux, Benedicte F. Jordan, Bernard Gallez
Summary: This study found that statins could decrease the oxygen consumption rate and increase mitochondrial superoxide production in cancer cells. In a mouse model, statins were able to improve tumor oxygenation, but had limited impact on tumor growth and radiosensitivity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriela Ribeiro, Ana Maia, Goncalo Cotovio, Francisco P. M. Oliveira, Durval C. Costa, Albino J. Oliveira-Maia
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the differences in DD2lR between individuals with obesity and non-obese controls, and explore factors associated with these differences. The results showed no significant differences in DD2lR availability between obesity and controls, but significant differences were found in patients with higher classes of obesity. Additionally, DD2lR availability was inversely associated with obesity severity as measured by BMI. However, there were inconsistent findings regarding post-bariatric surgery changes in DD2lR availability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher James Rose, Ingrid Kristine Ohm, Liv Giske, Gunn Eva Naess, Atle Fretheim
Summary: This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence for effect modification by refractory status and number of treatment lines in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), and assess whether this effect modification will affect network meta-analyses (NMA) assuming negligible modification. The results show that the effect modification appears to be sufficiently small that it can be neglected, and NMAs can be relied on to provide estimates of hazard ratios for overall survival and progression-free survival in RRMM.
Article
Biology
Peter M. Masschelin, Pradip Saha, Scott A. Ochsner, Aaron R. Cox, Kang Ho Kim, Jessica B. Felix, Robert Sharp, Xin Li, Lin Tan, Jun Hyoung Park, Liping Wang, Vasanta Putluri, Philip L. Lorenzi, Alli M. Nuotio-Antar, Zheng Sun, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu, Nagireddy Putluri, David D. Moore, Scott A. Summers, Neil J. McKenna, Sean M. Hartig
Summary: Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) interacts with flavoproteins to mediate oxidation-reduction reactions for cellular energy demands. Depleting FAD pools in mice causes phenotypes associated with organic acidemias and other inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), such as reduced body weight, hypoglycemia, and fatty liver disease. The study reveals that B2D inhibits fasting activation of PPAR alpha target genes and downregulates gluconeogenesis genes. Knockdown of PPAR alpha in the liver recapitulates B2D effects, while treatment with the PPAR alpha agonist fenofibrate rescues fasting glucose availability and overcomes B2D phenotypes.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angelica P. Trassi, Sophie J. Leonard, Larissa D. Rodrigues, Jose A. Rodas, Flavia H. Santos
Summary: This article is a study on the impact of statistics anxiety on academic experiences of university students and its predictors. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, learning strategies, procrastination, self-efficacy, and self-awareness were found to be predictors of statistics anxiety. However, further research is needed on the role of sociodemographic factors in this context.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biology
Iva Jurov, Jure Demsar, Thomas McCurdy
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop distributions of VO2max for prepubertal boys using cycle ergometry based on existing measured values in the literature. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and searched one database for peak and maximal VO2 values in healthy boys under 11 years old. The results showed that absolute VO2max increases with age, but mean relative VO2max does not change. There were differences in absolute and relative VO2max between recent studies and boys from different countries. Heavier boys had lower cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass seemed to be increasing faster with age in the USA compared to other countries. New reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness in prepubertal boys were presented using cycle ergometry.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jiayue Yu, Bhavadharini Balaji, Maria Tinajero, Sarah Jarvis, Tauseef Khan, Sudha Vasudevan, Viren Ranawana, Amudha Poobalan, Shilpa Bhupathiraju, Qi Sun, Walter Willett, Frank B. Hu, David J. A. Jenkins, Viswanathan Mohan, Vasanti S. Malik
Summary: Intake of white rice is associated with higher risk of T2D, while intake of brown rice is associated with lower risk, with consistent findings across studies. Results from substitution trials on cardiometabolic risk factors were inconsistent.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Louise S. Norgaard, Mariana Alvarez-Noriega, Elizabeth McGraw, Craig R. White, Dustin J. Marshall
Summary: The distribution and abundance of disease vectors like mosquitoes are changing due to factors such as climate change, invasions, and vector control strategies. Most models currently ignore the nonlinear relationship between wing length and reproduction in mosquitoes, leading to potential biases in population growth estimates. Incorporating hyperallometric relationships in future disease vector models is crucial for accurately predicting changes in mosquito distribution.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Rodolfo O. Anderson, Craig R. White, David G. Chapple, Michael R. Kearney
Summary: This study examines the relationship between physiological traits in lizards and environmental conditions across different spatial scales and finds that microclimatic and biophysical predictors are more explanatory than macroclimatic predictors for most traits. It discovered that standard metabolic rate is negatively related to maximum temperatures while field metabolic rate is positively related to minimum temperatures. The study suggests that using proximal environmental predictors can offer more insights in comparative physiological analyses and help in understanding physiological evolution.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Scott C. Burgess, Michael Bode, Jeffrey M. Leis, Luciano B. Mason
Summary: Dispersal is influenced by interactions between an individual's phenotype and the environment, leading to complex variations in distances and directions of dispersal. Larval swimming behavior, along with other factors like depth and navigation, affects dispersal and settlement patterns, with faster swimming larvae showing increased probabilities of settlement and longer dispersal distances.
Editorial Material
Ecology
Andreas Dietzel, Michael Bode, Sean R. Connolly, Terry P. Hughes
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Michaela Plein, Katherine R. O'Brien, Matthew H. Holden, Matthew P. Adams, Christopher M. Baker, Nigel G. Bean, Scott A. Sisson, Michael Bode, Kerrie L. Mengersen, Eve McDonald-Madden
Summary: Data-hungry and complex ecosystem models are not practical in systems with insufficient data. Instead, we propose a minimum realistic model to guide decision making. We used biophysical constraints and observable parameters to determine the combined abundances of cats and rats that could threaten the tropicbird population. Our approach is especially useful in the absence of knowledge of predator-predator interactions for on-the-ground predator control.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaitlyn Brown, Tamara Tambyah, Jack Fenwick, Patrick Grant, Michael Bode
Summary: Conservation of single population threatened species (SPTS) is a distinct and important task. A decision-support tool is developed to plan when to trigger ex situ conservation, considering the decline of SPTS, the possibility of failure and the opportunities for in situ actions and learning. The tool demonstrates the importance and adaptability of formulating trigger points for difficult conservation decisions in advance.
Article
Environmental Studies
Evan Hamman, Jon Brodie, Rachel Eberhard, Felicity Deane, Michael Bode
Summary: The quality of water entering the coastal waters of the Great Barrier Reef remains a pressing concern for policy makers. In this paper, the role of regulation in addressing threats to water quality is examined, with a focus on sugarcane and cattle grazing. The study evaluates the approaches adopted by government, including recent legislative measures, and highlights the importance of combining regulation with economic incentives, education, and outreach.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Viney Kumar, Andre Nunez, Kaitlyn Brown, Kanupriya Agarwal, Samuel Hall, Michael Bode
Summary: Eradicating invasive species from islands is proven effective, but requires prioritization. This paper develops a method for prioritizing island eradications that considers the risk of reinvasion. Two case studies demonstrate the impact of reinvasion risk on optimal eradication order and conservation benefits.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helen J. Mayfield, Rachel Eberhard, Christopher Baker, Umberto Baresi, Michael Bode, Anthea Coggan, Angela J. Dean, Felicity Deane, Evan Hamman, Diane Jarvis, Barton Loechel, Bruce M. Taylor, Lillian Stevens, Karen Vella, Kate J. Helmstedt
Summary: Governments use policy instruments to encourage landholders to adopt land management practices that reduce environmental impacts. However, the implementation of these instruments and landholders' complex behavioral responses make it difficult to measure and predict adoption rates, which limits the ability of governments to select the optimal combination of policy instruments.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Craig R. White, Dustin J. Marshall
Summary: Constraint-based explanations have dominated theories of size-related patterns in nature. However, we propose a new theory that predicts metabolic allometry arises as a consequence of the optimization of growth and reproduction to maximize fitness within a finite life. Our theory is free of physical geometric constraints and suggests that metabolic allometry can be explained without invoking traditionally assumed constraints.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Craig R. White, Lesley A. Alton, Candice L. Bywater, Emily J. Lombardi, Dustin J. Marshall
Summary: Froese and Pauly argue that our model contradicts the observation that fish reproduce before their growth rate decreases. Kearney and Jusup show that our model incompletely describes growth and reproduction for some species. Here, we discuss the costs of reproduction, the relationship between reproduction and growth, and propose tests of models based on optimality and constraint.
Article
Ecology
Dustin J. Marshall, Hayley E. Cameron, Michel Loreau
Article
Ecology
Rodolfo O. Anderson, Reid Tingley, Conrad J. Hoskin, Craig R. White, David G. Chapple
Summary: Climate has a significant impact on animal physiology, which in turn affects geographic distributions. However, the mechanisms connecting climate, physiology, and distribution are not fully understood.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Madeleine J. De Jong, Lesley A. Alton, Craig R. White, Moira K. O'Bryan, David G. Chapple, Bob B. M. Wong
Summary: Incubation temperature has lasting effects on growth, locomotor performance, and metabolic rate of skink offspring. Cool and hot incubation temperatures result in faster growth and larger maximum size, while hot incubation temperatures reduce locomotor performance. Effects on metabolic rate are present in sub-adults, with higher rates in cool-incubated lizards. Additionally, cool and hot incubation treatments result in shorter sperm midpieces and heads.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Craig R. White, Dustin J. Marshall
Summary: Most explanations for the relationship between body size and metabolism are based on physical constraints, which limit their predictive capacity. Contemporary approaches to studying metabolic rate and life history need more pluralism.