期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 216, 期 18, 页码 3433-3441出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.087189
关键词
Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles merus; DAR cells; ion transport; malaria vector; mosquito; Na+/K+-ATPase; osmoregulation; salinity tolerance
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health grants [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)] [AI101459, NIAID AI045098]
- University of California
- Center for Undergraduate Scholarly Engagement
- College of Science, University of Notre Dame
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R21AI101459, R01AI045098] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Saltwater tolerance is a trait that carries both ecological and epidemiological significance for Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit human malaria, as it plays a key role in determining their habitat use and ecological distribution, and thus their local contribution to malaria transmission. Here, we lay the groundwork for genetic dissection of this trait by quantifying saltwater tolerance in three closely related cryptic species and malaria vectors from the Afrotropical Anopheles gambiae complex that are known to differ starkly in their tolerance to salinity: the obligate freshwater species A. gambiae and A. coluzzii, and the saltwater-tolerant species A. merus. We performed detailed comparisons of survivorship under varying salinities, using multiple strains of A. gambiae, A. coluzzii and A. merus, as well as F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses of A. merus and A. coluzzii. Additionally, using immunohistochemistry, we compared the location of three ion regulatory proteins (Na+/K+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase and Na+/H+-antiporter) in the recta of A. coluzzii and A. merus reared in freshwater or saline water. As expected, we found that A. merus survives exposure to high salinities better than A. gambiae and A. coluzzii. Further, we found that exposure to a salinity level of 15.85. g NaCl l(-1) is a discriminating dose that kills all A. gambiae, A. coluzzii and A. coluzzii-A. merus F1 larvae, but does not negatively impact the survival of A. merus. Importantly, phenotypic expression of saltwater tolerance by A. merus is highly dependent upon the developmental time of exposure, and based on immunohistochemistry, salt tolerance appears to involve a major shift in Na+/K+-ATPase localization in the rectum, as observed previously for the distantly related saline-tolerant species A. albimanus.
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