Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chris M. Wood, Junho Eom
Summary: Researchers have identified a tradeoff between O2 uptake and osmo/iono-regulation in fish gills, with mechanisms that allow dynamic regulation of this osmorespiratory compromise. Despite hyperventilating during hypoxia, hypoxia-tolerant species can reduce branchial ion and water fluxes below normoxic levels. In marine fish, the osmorespiratory conflict is intensified by greater ionic and osmotic gradients from seawater to blood.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yan Zhou, Yanjie Zhang, Shang Wei, Wei Li, Wenhao Li, Zhichao Wu, Shouwen Jiang, Ying Lu, Qianghua Xu, Liangbiao Chen
Summary: This study found that long-term exposure to high temperatures has detrimental effects on the survival and metabolism of Nile tilapia. Fish reared at 36 degrees C showed significantly reduced survival rates and tolerance to hypoxia, as well as increased respiratory rates. After 15 weeks at 36 degrees C, a partial temperature compensation for routine metabolic rates was observed.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
John O. Onukwufor, Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study investigates the differential effects of acute temperature, salinity, and oxygen levels on the diffusive water flux and oxygen uptake of English sole and Pacific sanddab. The results suggest that both species exhibit similar responses to acute hypoxia, but differ in their sensitivity to acute temperature and salinity changes.
Review
Biology
Till S. Harter, Christian Damsgaard, Matthew D. Regan
Summary: The gill is the primary site of ionoregulation and gas exchange in adult teleost fishes. Differences in gill characteristics and hemoglobin-O2 affinities between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) species affect oxygen diffusion and ion regulation, with FW fishes compensating for lower diffusive oxygen conductance with higher hemoglobin-O2 affinity. Both FW and SW teleosts can achieve similar maximal rates of oxygen consumption and hypoxia tolerance through different combinations of hemoglobin-O2 affinity and diffusive oxygen conductance. The relationship between aerobic performance and species distribution ranges is influenced by these factors, leading to novel hypotheses in fish physiology.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin-xin Yu, Yan-rui Zhang, Shan-shan Li, Guo-dong Zheng, Shu-ming Zou
Summary: Hypoxia stress changes the gill filament structure of blunt snout bream, leading to an expansion of the lamellar respiratory surface area and a decrease in interlamellar cell mass volume. Hypoxia also increases ROS activity and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential in gill tissue, while decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax. Furthermore, hypoxia leads to a decreased expression of Phd1 and an increased expression of Hif-1a in gills, indicating enhanced adaptation through the HIF pathway.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Bernard B. Rees, Jessica E. Reemeyer, Brian A. Irving
Summary: This study found that interindividual variation in maximum and standard aerobic metabolic rates of the Gulf killifish is associated with gill morphology and cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics, traits reflecting critical steps in the O-2 transport cascade. Gill morphology and myocardial bioenergetics are more important in determining active metabolism.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Na Xu, Song-Lin Chen, Zhu-Xiang Jiang, Meher un Nissa, Shu-Ming Zou
Summary: The grass carp exhibited moderate hypoxia tolerance and increased respiratory surface area through gill remodeling by apoptosis in response to hypoxic conditions. The induction of apoptosis was associated with increased expression of apoptosis-related genes. Gill remodeling also resulted in decreased concentrations of sodium and chloride ions in the fish serum.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vittoria Infantino, Anna Santarsiero, Paolo Convertini, Simona Todisco, Vito Iacobazzi
Summary: In cancer cells, metabolic reprogramming under low-oxygen conditions is crucial for tumor survival, with HIF-1 playing a pivotal role. Mitochondria are key players in regulating cellular energy and closely interact with HIF-1 to drive metabolic and functional changes in cancer cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Almaz A. Akhunzianov, Alfiya I. Nesterova, Sjoerd Wanrooij, Yulia V. Filina, Albert A. Rizvanov, Regina R. Miftakhova
Summary: Antibiotics inhibit breast cancer stem cells by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis, but their effectiveness in clinical settings is inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of five commonly used antibiotics for inhibiting breast cancer stem cells under hypoxia. The results showed that hypoxia affected the rate of antibiotic inhibition, and some antibiotics even led to therapeutic resistance. These findings suggest that hypoxia weakens the inhibitory effects of antibiotics on breast cancer stem cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Zhang, Maria A. Yapryntseva, Alexander Vdovin, Polina Maximchik, Boris Zhivotovsky, Vladimir Gogvadze
Summary: In a hypoxic environment, mimicking hypoxia with deferoxamine leads to resistance of tumor cells to anticancer drugs, reducing cell death and downregulating expression of apoptotic proteins.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Yu Mei Chang, Xue Fei Zhao, Hon Jung Liew, Bo Sun, Shuang Yi Wang, Liang Luo, Li Min Zhang, Li Qun Liang
Summary: The study investigated how bicarbonate affects the acid-base balancing and ionoregulatory responses of the Amur ide fish, highlighting physiological differences between the alkali form and the ancestral freshwater form in alkalinity adaptation. The research provides new insights into the physiological responses of the Amur ide fish to extreme alkaline conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dino A. Giussani
Summary: The article explores the impact of chronic fetal hypoxia during pregnancy on the development of cardiovascular disease in offspring and potential therapeutic approaches, with a focus on molecular-level research and potential targets for clinical intervention.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
RuoLi Chen, Mohammad Alkataan Ahmed, Nicholas Robert Forsyth
Summary: Cells respond to reduced oxygen availability primarily through activation of the HIF pathway, which upregulates genes for cell survival. This study investigated the effects of DMOG on PC12 cells cultured in varying oxygen levels, finding that DMOG stabilises HIF and affects mitochondrial activity and cell behaviour, but does not accurately replicate the reduced oxygen environment.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gentaro Ikeda, Michelle R. Santoso, Yuko Tada, Albert M. Li, Evgeniya Vaskova, Ji-Hye Jung, Connor O'Brien, Elizabeth Egan, Jiangbin Ye, Phillip C. Yang
Summary: This study demonstrated that extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of autologous mitochondria can enhance cardiac function by restoring myocardial bioenergetics. The therapy shows potential as a precision therapeutic for mitochondria-related diseases such as heart failure.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kyota Aoyagi, Shun-ichi Yamashita, Yoshihiro Akimoto, Chiyono Nishiwaki, Yoko Nakamichi, Haruhide Udagawa, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Tomotake Kanki, Mica Ohara-Imaizumi
Summary: This study established a new method for evaluating Mitophagy in beta cells using CMMR mice. It was found that metabolic stress induced by a high-fat diet led to aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, overwhelming the capacity of Mitophagy and impairing mitochondrial function and insulin secretion.
Article
Physiology
Alexander M. Clifford, Martin Tresguerres, Greg G. Goss, Chris M. Wood
Summary: During exposure to acidic water, zebrafish utilize a novel mechanism of Na+ uptake that relies on the outwardly directed K+ gradient as a counter-substrate for Na+ and is sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA).
Article
Biology
Magnus L. Aaskov, Rasmus J. Jensen, Peter Vilhelm Skov, Chris M. Wood, Tobias Wang, Hans Malte, Mark Bayley
Summary: The South American Arapaima gigas, a highly air-reliant fish, utilizes distinct transfer pathways for oxygen and carbon dioxide. In severely hypoxic water, the fish shifts the partitioning of carbon dioxide to the air phase, eliminating the risk of oxygen loss in the gills. Furthermore, the fish's metabolic fuel utilization remains unchanged under different water oxygenation levels.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Junho Eom, Henrik Lauridsen, Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study examines the feeding and breathing mechanisms of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, using various methods including video, respirometry, and imaging techniques. The results provide insights into the relationship between the nostril, velum chamber, and food passage, as well as the processes of swallowing and defecation. Furthermore, it reveals an increase in oxygen consumption rate after feeding, which lasts for a prolonged period.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
John O. Onukwufor, Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study investigates the differential effects of acute temperature, salinity, and oxygen levels on the diffusive water flux and oxygen uptake of English sole and Pacific sanddab. The results suggest that both species exhibit similar responses to acute hypoxia, but differ in their sensitivity to acute temperature and salinity changes.
Article
Fisheries
Peter Elliot Holder, Chris M. Wood, Michael J. Lawrence, Timothy D. Clark, Cory D. Suski, Jean-Michel Weber, Andy J. Danylchuk, Steven J. Cooke
Summary: Post-exercise mortality (PEM) can occur in fish when they exercise to exhaustion and surpass their physiological limits, leading to death. The causes of PEM are not fully understood, but studies have explored factors such as oxygen delivery, ion regulation, hormone signalling, and cardiac function. Improved data collection methods and experimental protocols have contributed to our understanding of PEM and have informed management actions. While progress has been made, there is still much to uncover through future research.
FISH AND FISHERIES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Marina Giacomin, Patricia M. Schulte, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The osmorespiratory compromise in fishes refers to the trade-off between respiratory gas exchange and osmolyte/water balance at the gills. Exhaustive exercise in Pacific spiny dogfish led to increased oxygen consumption and ammonia losses, while urea-N losses were tightly regulated. Environmental hyperoxia did not alleviate the effects of the compromise.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Giorgi Dal Pont, Beverly Po, Jun Wang, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The physiological responses of Carcinus maenas to different salinity conditions were evaluated, and wide plasticity and tolerance to disturbances in physiological parameters were observed, suggesting that this species is well adapted to diverse habitats.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anne Cremazy, Susana Braz-Mota, Kevin V. Brix, Rafael M. Duarte, Adalberto L. Val, Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study investigated the effects of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the acute copper toxicity to local fish in the Rio Negro. The results showed that DOM can decrease the bioavailability and toxicity of copper to fish. Additionally, DOM was found to protect against copper uptake and toxicity in the fish. These findings support the use of the Biotic Ligand Model to assess the risk of copper in Amazonian waters.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Ellen H. Jung, Jessica Nguyen, Charlotte Nelson, Colin J. Brauner, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism in rainbow trout, with the stomach being an important site for independent ammonia absorption and transport.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Chris M. Wood
Summary: This study examined the nitrogen waste metabolism in green crabs and found that exercise and emersion had a significant impact on the ammonia(N) excretion rate, but the excretion of urea(N) and urate(N) also indicated their importance. In addition, the study found that the concentrations of ammonia(N) and PNH3 in the hemolymph were higher than in the BCF, and the volume of BCF decreased significantly after emersion and exercise.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Helen Sadauskas-Henrique, Ora E. Johannsson, Beverly H. K. Po, Adalberto L. Val, Chris M. Wood
Summary: The green crab is affected by intertidal zonation patterns, facing periods of air and water exposure. During these periods, physiological challenges are faced. Oxygen consumption rate remained unchanged during air exposure, but increased during recovery period. Ammonia and urea excretion rates were reduced during air exposure, but rebounded during recovery.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John O. O. Onukwufor, Derek A. A. Somo, Jeffrey G. G. Richards, Chris M. M. Wood
Summary: In nature, mosshead sculpins face challenges from temperature and oxygen level fluctuations. The sculpins are able to modulate the permeability of their branchial epithelia in response to temperature stress, but not in response to hypoxia and re-oxygenation stress. This contrasts with the responses observed in a similar fish species with lower hypoxia tolerance. Overall, the data suggests a decoupling between diffusive water flux rates and oxygen consumption rates during hypoxia stress.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junho Eom, Chris M. Wood
Summary: A new less invasive device incorporating an ultrasonic flow probe and a divided chamber was used to measure ventilatory flow rate and % O-2 utilization in rainbow trout after exercise and feeding. The study found that respiration in trout is more efficient than previously believed.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Carolyn Morris, Chris M. Wood
Summary: Marine flatfishes show changes in diffusive water flux and ammonia excretion rates as salinity decreases, while oxygen consumption and urea-N excretion rates remain relatively stable. The increase in diffusive water flux is primarily caused by reduced [Ca2+], rather than reduced salinity itself. Our results suggest that both diffusive water flux and ammonia excretion rates are influenced by salinity and ambient [Ca2+].
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hemant G. Tripathi, William E. Kunin, Harriet E. Smith, Susannah Mary Sallu, Sixbert Maurice, Suzan D. Machera, Rhiannon Davies, Mosha Florence, Samuel Eze, J. H. Galani Yamdeu, Steven Mark Sait
Summary: Biophysical evaluations of climate-smart agriculture often overlook the interactions with biodiversity and ecosystem services, which are crucial for food system resilience and sustainability. A case study in Tanzania revealed that different agricultural practices have varying impacts on crop production, pest suppression, and agricultural income, influenced by neighboring fields' crop varieties, intercropping or fallow practices, and landscape characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2022)