期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 211, 期 21, 页码 3421-3432出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.020479
关键词
adaptation; biomechanics; Calliarthron; decalcification; drag; flexibility; geniculum; intertidal; macroalgae; material properties; modulus
类别
资金
- Phycological Society of America
- Earl and Ethyl Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust
- NSF [IOS-0641068]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Previous studies have demonstrated that fleshy seaweeds resist wave-induced drag forces in part by being flexible. Flexibility allows fronds to. go with the flow', reconfiguring into streamlined shapes and reducing frond area projected into flow. This paradigm extends even to articulated coralline algae, which produce calcified fronds that are flexible only because they have distinct joints (genicula). The evolution of flexibility through genicula was a major event that allowed articulated coralline algae to grow elaborate erect fronds in wave-exposed habitats. Here we describe the mechanics of genicula in the articulated coralline Calliarthron and demonstrate how segmentation affects bending performance and amplifies bending stresses within genicula. A numerical model successfully predicted deflections of articulated fronds by assuming genicula to be assemblages of cables connecting adjacent calcified segments (intergenicula). By varying the dimensions of genicula in the model, we predicted the optimal genicular morphology that maximizes flexibility while minimizing stress amplification. Morphological dimensions of genicula most prone to bending stresses (i.e. genicula near the base of fronds) match model predictions.
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