Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aevelina Rahman, Peter Windes, Danesh Tafti
Summary: This study investigates an ascending right turn of a Hipposideros pratti bat and explores the kinematic features and aerodynamic mechanisms used during the maneuver. The results show that the bat uses roll and yaw rotations of the body to generate the centripetal force for the turn and various adjustments in wing movement and force production. The study also compares the findings with a similar maneuver by another bat species.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Liansong Peng, Tianyu Pan, Mengzong Zheng, Shiying Song, Guanting Su, Qiushi Li
Summary: This study presents a detailed analysis of dragonflies' climbing flight by integrating high-speed photogrammetry, three-dimensional reconstruction, and computational fluid dynamics. The research reveals the relationship between climbing angle and wing kinematics, as well as the significant impact of different wing kinematics on aerodynamic performance.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yu Zhu Lyu, Mao Sun
Summary: This study investigates the effects of insect size on the longitudinal flight dynamic stability of insects. The results show that although there is a considerable difference in mass, the flight stability mode remains the same for insects of different sizes. However, as the size decreases, the instability becomes faster, requiring a faster nervous system to control the flight.
Review
Biology
Anders Hedenstrom
Summary: Vertebrates capable of flight, such as birds and bats, rely on wings, muscles, and sensory inputs to control their movement. Wing damage and loss of wing surface due to moult can significantly affect flight performance. Birds counteract the effects of moult through concurrent mass loss and enlarged flight muscles. Bats rely on sensory hairs and thread-like muscles in their wings, and wing damage can impair their flight speed and control of wing camber.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Aevelina Rahman, Danesh Tafti
Summary: The study investigates the role of aerodynamics and wing inertia in the motion dynamics of two species of roundleaf bats during maneuvering flight. Inertial forces are found to play a crucial role in certain maneuvers, while aerodynamic forces primarily drive the bat's translational trajectory. Roll maneuvers are driven by aerodynamic asymmetries, while yaw maneuvers are primarily driven by wing inertial moments.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Peter Windes, Danesh K. Tafti, Rolf Muller
Summary: This study investigates the wing kinematic data of a large insectivorous bat in straight and turning flight, revealing asymmetries in wing kinematics and aerodynamic forces during turning flight. The research shows evidence of simultaneous and synergistic banking and yawing mechanisms, providing useful design and control principles for biomimetic flapping MAVs. Understanding the details of the turning mechanism-combined yaw and bank-can aid in developing biomimetic flying devices.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Lucas de Oliveira Carneiro, Breno Mellado, Marcelo Rodrigues Nogueira, Ariovaldo Pereira da Cruz-Neto, Leandro Rabello Monteiro
Summary: Studies on functional performance are crucial for understanding the processes driving diversity. This study examined the relationship between wing morphology and flight performance in Seba's short-tailed bat. Wing morphological traits explained 7-10% of flight energetic cost, and optimal morphologies can save energy equivalent to 9-30% of total daily requirements.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohui Liu, Csaba Hefler, Wei Shyy, Huihe Qiu
Summary: The research found that dragonflies exhibit different wing kinematic parameters in escape flight mode and normal flight mode, with adjustments in stroke plane and pitching angle affecting the flow directions and momentum stream compression.
JOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Travis Krebs, Goetz Bramesfeld, Julia Cole
Summary: The study investigates and quantifies the transient thrust response of two small rigid rotors in forward flight by using a distributed doublet-based potential flow method. The results indicate that both advancing and retreating blade effects contribute to the transient thrust amplitudes, and the variation of thrust output of an individual rotor blade can approach the mean thrust output of the rotor itself.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shu Tsuchiya, Hikaru Aono, Keisuke Asai, Taku Nonomura, Yuta Ozawa, Masayuki Anyoji, Noriyasu Ando, Chang-kwon Kang, Jeremy Pohly
Summary: The flapping flight of animals has been extensively studied and now researchers have successfully demonstrated the lift-off of a flapping wing robot in a low-density environment. By scaling wing size and motion, the robot was able to maintain high lift despite reduced air density. The results suggest that a coordinated increase in wing size and reduction in flapping frequency enable flight in lower density conditions, and this finding may have implications for flight in high-altitude environments and even in the ultra-low density Martian atmosphere.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jakub Prokop, Katerina Rosova, Ewa Krzeminska, Wieslaw Krzeminski, Andre Nel, Michael S. Engel
Summary: The acquisition of wings in insects during the Late Paleozoic period is a significant step in the evolution of arthropods. Recent studies have suggested two possible origins of wings: the involvement of both tergal and pleural tissues or the incorporation of exites from the proximal leg podite into the insect body wall. The "dual hypothesis" for wing origins is supported by embryology, evolutionary developmental biology, and genomics research. These studies have also found potential homologous structures of wings in other body parts, such as the prothoracic horns in scarab beetles, the gin traps of tenebrionid and scarab beetle pupae, and the abdominal tracheal gills of mayfly larvae.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel C. Whitehead, Sofia Leone, Theodore Lindsay, Matthew R. Meiselman, Noah J. Cowan, Michael H. Dickinson, Nilay Yapici, David L. Stern, Troy Shirangi, Itai Cohen
Summary: In this study, it was found that stabilization reflexes during fly flight are implemented by a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The b1 and b2 motor units of the fly's steering muscle system were identified to modulate the angular displacement and angular velocity, respectively. This finding reveals the organizational principle of muscles in flight control in insects.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lloyd Smith, Andrea Sciacchitano
Summary: This article presents a method to measure the drag of a baseball in free flight, addressing the incomplete understanding of the aerodynamic properties of a seamed sports ball.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jie Yao, K. S. Yeo
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of control delay on the hovering performance of a model insect flyer and determined how control coefficients or gains can be modified to mitigate the adverse effects of latency. The results of the analyses were validated through simulations, showing that noncyclic asymptotic oscillations about the mean equilibrium hovering state are enhanced with larger control delay.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Per Henningsson
Summary: This study used a budgerigar as a model to investigate the costs of flying through narrow gaps. It was found that flying through small gaps resulted in reduced flight speed, increased wingbeat frequency, and ultimately increased energy consumption for the bird, highlighting the potential multiple costs associated with navigating obstacles in flight.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geology
David Rubilar-Rogers, Alexander O. Vargas, Bernardo Gonzalez Riga, Sergio Soto-Acuna, Jhonatan Alarcon-Munoz, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Carlos Arevalo, Carolina S. Gutstein
Summary: A new lithostrotian sauropod, Arackar licanantay gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous beds of the Hornitos Formation in Atacama Region, northern Chile. This new titanosaur exhibits unique characteristics and is phylogenetically classified in a clade with Rapetosaurus and Isisaurus. It is the third dinosaur named from Chile and the third titanosaur from the western side of the Andes in South America.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Teague O'Mara, Francisco Amorim, Martina Scacco, Gary F. McCracken, Kamran Safi, Vanessa Mata, Ricardo Tome, Sharon Swartz, Martin Wikelski, Pedro Beja, Hugo Rebelo, Dina K. N. Dechmann
Summary: Despite the lower thermal potential and difficulty of locating uplift features in the nocturnal atmosphere, some bat species are able to fly at high altitudes, performing energetically costly ascents and reaching some of the fastest speeds observed in powered vertebrate flight.
Article
Biology
Andrea D. Rummel, Sharon M. Swartz, Richard L. Marsh
Summary: The study reveals differences in temperature sensitivity among different wing muscles in bats, with distal muscles being less affected by temperature than proximal muscles. This suggests that temperature variation may have an impact on locomotor performance in endotherms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Andrea D. Rummel, Sharon M. Swartz, Richard L. Marsh, Paul A. Faure
Summary: This study compared the thermal dependence of muscle contractions in two bat species, Eptesicus fuscus and Carollia perspicillata, and found that the temperature sensitivities between the species were remarkably similar, except for the shortening velocity of the pectoralis muscle in E. fuscus which was less temperature sensitive. This suggests that the relative lability of body temperature in E. fuscus may provide an advantage in maintaining better pectoralis muscle function at low temperatures.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Eran Amichai, David B. Boerma, Rachel A. Page, Sharon M. Swartz, Hannah M. ter M. Hofstede
Summary: Whiskers are important tactile structures used by mammals for sensory functions, but it is not known how bats use them. This study found that nectar-eating bats have longer vibrissae than non-nectarivorous bats, and removing the vibrissae altered their flight trajectory, suggesting that the vibrissae may assist in fine flight control. This provides evidence of an additional sensory tool in bats' diverse toolkit.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pranav N. Haravu, Hyab Mehari Abraha, Michelle Shang, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Andrea B. Taylor, Russell R. Reid, Callum F. Ross, Olga Panagiotopoulou
Summary: This study compared the biomechanical behavior of human and macaque mandibles pre- and post-fracture and fixation using finite-element models. The results showed small differences in deformation and strain between human and macaque mandibles. More rigid biplanar fixation in the human model approximated healthy bone strains and moments better and resulted in less interfragmentary strain compared to less rigid Champy fixation. Contralateral chewing exacerbated deviations in strain, moments, and interfragmentary strain, especially under Champy fixation. These findings confirm that macaques are excellent animal models for studying mandibular fixation and support the use of rigid biplanar fixation in the treatment of isolated mandibular angle fractures.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Andrea D. D. Rummel, Melissa M. M. Sierra, Brooke L. L. Quinn, Sharon M. M. Swartz
Summary: Bat wing membranes are composed of specialized skin with sensory hairs that help bats sense airflow during flight. However, little is known about the diversity of these sensory hairs across different bat species. In this study, high-resolution photomicrographs of preserved bat wings were used to characterize the distribution of sensory hairs among species. General patterns of sensory hair distribution were identified, and the density of sensory hairs was found to be higher proximally than distally. This comparative study provides a framework for further research and understanding of bat sensory hair function.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Olga Panagiotopoulou, Dale Robinson, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, David Ackland, Andrea B. Taylor, Callum F. Ross
Summary: Using three-dimensional finite element models is a powerful tool for studying the mechanical behavior of the feeding system. Dynamic models are superior to static models in capturing the mechanical behavior of the jaw during feeding, as they can reflect the asymmetry in jaw-adductor muscle activations during a gape cycle.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Myra F. Laird, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Craig D. Byron, Michael C. Granatosky, Andrea B. Taylor, Callum F. Ross
Summary: Dynamic changes in jaw movements and bite forces are influenced by muscle architectural and neural factors, with regional differences in muscle architecture dynamics and their relationship with gape, food material properties, and muscle activation. It is important to consider the effects of gape, regionalization, and food material properties when modeling temporalis muscle force production in primates.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Alberto Bortoni, Sharon M. Swartz, Hamid Vejdani, Aaron J. Corcoran
Summary: A predator's ability to catch prey depends on its navigation skills in response to prey movements. The pursuit behavior of Townsend's big-eared bat varies, as it relies on a slow and agile flight to stealthily approach prey and reacts to prey movements using a combination of pure pursuit and proportional navigation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Craig Byron, David Reed, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Qian Wang, David Strait, Myra F. Laird, Callum F. Ross
Summary: By comparing the morphometrics of cranial sutures between Sapajus and Cebus primates, it was found that the anterior suture region of Sapajus exhibited greater complexity than the posterior region of Cebus. In vivo data also revealed that feeding behavior had the most consistent and strongest impact on strain regime in the sagittal suture. This suggests that cranial suture morphology and strain regime may be related to feeding habits and food characteristics in primates.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaozhou Fan, Sharon Swartz, Kenneth Breuer
Summary: Researchers used a simplified model and simulated flight processes to find that in flying fruit bats, the curvature of the wings is closely related to speed, impacting energy consumption to different degrees, mainly during the downstroke. The model also shows that wing inertia helps balance aerodynamic forces, reducing the muscle power required for weight support and thrust generation.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jorn A. Cheney, Jeremy C. Rehm, Sharon M. Swartz, Kenneth S. Breuer
Summary: Research on Jamaican fruit bats revealed that the plagiopatagiales proprii muscles in their wing membrane play a role in regulating membrane tension during flight. When these muscles were paralyzed, the bats experienced a decrease in flight speed and were unable to fly at low speeds. Paralysis of these muscles also caused an increase in wing camber, leading to compensatory movements such as increased downstroke angle and wingbeat amplitude.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hyab Mehari Abraha, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Russell R. Reid, Callum F. Ross, Olga Panagiotopoulou
Summary: Our study employed in silico simulation of chewing to quantify the effects of different angle fracture fixation techniques, revealing that biplanar fixation results in lower strain magnitudes and a strain regime closer to the unfractured condition. The type of fixation and the patient's post-fixation masticatory pattern can impact the bone healing environment.
Meeting Abstract
Zoology
A. D. Rummel, S. M. Swartz, R. L. Marsh
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)