Article
Psychology, Experimental
Li Zhao, Haiying Mao, Jiaxin Zheng, Genyue Fu, Brian J. Compton, Gail D. Heyman, Kang Lee
Summary: Behavioral economics research shows that default settings can influence decision-making, and this study investigates if default settings can influence young children's decisions about honesty. The study found that children were more likely to cheat when the cheating option was the default setting compared to when honesty was the default. The results suggest that default setting effects observed in adults also have their origins in childhood.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniella Turetski, Renante Rondina, Jordan Hutchings, Bing Feng, Dilip Soman
Summary: This study examines the acceptability of choice architecture interventions and explores how it is influenced by the type of intervention used, the domain of implementation, and the explanation provided. The findings suggest that acceptability, perceived threat to autonomy, and belief in intervention success vary depending on the intervention type and implementation domain. The rationale for intervention use also impacts acceptability. The study highlights the need for individual analysis rather than generalizations in discussions about the ethics of choice architecture.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Chandra Sripada
Summary: This article discusses the measurement of individual differences in implicit attitudes and distinguishes it from the more general question of whether implicit attitudes exist and operate. By analyzing the debate in cognitive science on conflict tasks, the author concludes that although indirect measures such as the IAT perform poorly in measuring individual differences in implicit attitudes, they still provide evidence for the existence of implicit attitudes.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COGNITIVE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mian Zi Tee, Yi Xian Er, Alice V. Easton, Nan Jiun Yap, Ii Li Lee, Joseph Devlin, Ze Chen, Kee Seong Ng, Poorani Subramanian, Angelina Angelova, Oyebola Oyesola, Shushan Sargsian, Romano Ngui, Daniel P. Beiting, Christopher Chiong Meng Boey, Kek Heng Chua, Ken Cadwell, Yvonne Ai Lian Lim, P'ng Loke, Soo Ching Lee
Summary: Our study found that the effects of helminth on the microbiota were highly dependent on context, and the effects of albendazole on the microbiota could confound the interpretation of deworming studies. A significant portion of the microbiome remains unannotated, and this large dataset from an indigenous population associated with helminth infections provides a valuable resource for future research.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rui-jun Zhang, Ai-qun Li
Summary: This study investigated the rate-dependent behaviors of scaled high-performance rubber bearings (HPRBs) by conducting a series of tests under different shear strains and temperatures. An identification scheme was successfully applied to obtain the parameters of a fractional derivative three-element model used to simulate the loading-rate dependent behaviors of HPRBs. The effectiveness of the model was validated through comparison of simulation and experimental results.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasper de Waard, Dirk van Moorselaar, Louisa Bogaerts, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: This study demonstrates that humans can learn to suppress distractors in visual areas through statistical learning. Unlike previous studies, this research manipulated task context to study context-dependent learning. Participants were able to suppress distractor locations in a context-dependent manner, but suppression from previous task contexts persisted unless a new high-probability location was introduced.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Can Aztekin
Summary: Research suggests that appendage regeneration progresses through shared tissue stages and gene activities, but may operate differently at the cellular level. Regeneration requires signaling centers, stem/progenitor cell types, and a regeneration-permissive environment.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Tjisse van der Heide, Ralph J. M. Temmink, Greg S. Fivash, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Christoffer Bostrom, Karin Didderen, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine Gagnon, Eduardo Infantes, Johan van de Koppel, Wouter Lengkeek, Richard Unsworth, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen
Summary: Recent research suggests that restoration efforts can be greatly enhanced by temporarily mimicking key emergent traits in coastal ecosystems, but the effectiveness may depend on the intensity of stressors in the environment.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric Wesley Wice, Julia Barbara Saltz
Summary: The evolvability of sociality relies on heritable variation within social groups, with social group structure being important for various behaviors and fitness outcomes. While some measures of social network position are heritable and robust to environmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster flies, selection on network position metrics varies across environments, suggesting a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors in shaping social group structure.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Monti, Alexandros Armaos, Marco Fantini, Annalisa Pastore, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
Summary: The study reveals that protein aggregation has different effects on mutations in different cellular contexts. Aggregation increases cell fitness in the case of TDP-43 mutations by protecting the host from aberrant interactions, whereas it decreases cell fitness in TEM-1 beta-lactamase mutations due to inactivation of protein function. This highlights the importance of aggregation as a context-dependent constraint in molecular evolution.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Education & Educational Research
Fakhroddin Noorbehbahani, Azadeh Mohammadi, Mohammad Aminazadeh
Summary: In recent years, there has been increasing attention on online learning. One of the challenges in online education is assessing students due to the potential for cheating in online examinations. This study provides a comprehensive review of 58 publications on online cheating, categorizing the research and identifying trends in the field of online exam cheating. The findings can be a valuable resource for educators and researchers in understanding cheating mitigation, detection, and prevention in online learning.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Michelle A. Hurst, Susan C. Levine
Summary: Children struggle with understanding the quantifier "most", particularly when comparing absolute quantity and proportional information. Recent research shows that children's interpretation of "most" depends on the format and discreteness of the stimuli, and this understanding significantly develops between the ages of 4-6.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jon Cockayne, Matthew M. Graham, Chris J. Oates, T. J. Sullivan, Onur Teymur
Summary: This paper studies the conditions for a learning procedure to be considered calibrated and the relationship between calibration and statistical efficiency. A hypothesis-testing framework is developed to assess whether a learning procedure is calibrated, with several vignettes provided to illustrate its application.
JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrey S. Kozlov, Oleg I. Afanasyev, Denis Chusov
Summary: Borrowing hydrogen amination is a common method for the formation of C-N bonds, which can be carried out without transition metal catalysts at low temperatures. Through experimental investigation, optimal conditions can be predicted and the need for transition metal catalysts can be determined.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Patricia L. Tomich, Anna M. DiBlasio
Summary: In an experimental setting, illness cognition was manipulated to determine the causal link between stressful life events and stress-related growth. The results indicated that the experimental group experienced more stress and perceived growth, which were related to better mental and physical health.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
