期刊
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
卷 23, 期 11, 页码 2300-2308出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02066.x
关键词
amphibian; brain size; competition; phenotypic plasticity; predation
资金
- Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments in Uppsala County [C 72/8]
- Swedish Research Council
- Centre of Excellency in Evolutionary Genetics and Physiology (Finland)
- Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth foundation
- Academy of Finland
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated phenotypic plasticity in brain size and architecture in response to environmental variation. However, our knowledge on how brain architecture is affected by commonplace ecological interactions is rudimentary. For example, while intraspecific competition and risk of predation are known to induce adaptive plastic modifications in morphology and behaviour in a wide variety of organisms, their effects on brain development have not been studied. We studied experimentally the influence of density and predation risk on brain development in common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. Tadpoles grown at low density and under predation risk developed smaller brains than tadpoles at the other treatment combinations. Further, at high densities, tadpoles developed larger optic tecta and smaller medulla oblongata than those grown at low densities. These results demonstrate that ecological interactions - like intraspecific competition and predation risk - can have strong effects on brain development in lower vertebrates.
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