On-line production of ferrate with an electrochemical method and its potential application for wastewater treatment - A review

A number of studies on the oxidation of various organic/inorganic contaminants by ferrate(VI) were reported in the 1980s and 1990s. The exploration of the use of ferrate(VI) for water and wastewater treatment has been well addressed recently. However, challenges have existed for the implementation of ferrate(VI) technology in practice due to the instability of a ferrate solution or high production cost of solid ferrate products. The research has been carried out aiming at the generation and application of ferrate(VI) in situ. This paper thus reviews ferrate chemistry and its overall performance as a water treatment chemical, discusses the factors affecting the fer-rate yield efficiency using the electrochemical method, and finally, summarises the work on the production and use of ferrate in situ which is currently under study. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.