Intermittent Vagal Nerve Block for Improvements in Obesity, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2-Year Results of the VBLOC DM2 Study

One-year results of the VBLOC DM2 study found that intermittent vagal blocking (VBLOC therapy) was safe among subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and led to significant weight loss and improvements in glycemic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. Longer-term data are needed to determine whether the results are sustained. VBLOC DM2 is a prospective, observational study of 28 subjects with T2DM and body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 40 kg/m(2) to assess mid-term safety and weight loss and improvements in glycemic parameters, and other cardiovascular risk factors with VBLOC therapy. Continuous outcome variables are reported using mixed models. At 24 months, the mean percentage of excess weight loss was 22 % (95 % CI, 15 to 28, p < 0.0001) or 7.0 % total body weight loss (95 % CI, 5.0 to 9.0, p < 0.0001). Hemoglobin A(1c) decreased by 0.6 percentage points (95 % CI, 0.2 to 1.0, p = 0.0026) on average from 7.8 % at baseline. Fasting plasma glucose declined by 15 mg/dL (95 % CI, 0 to 29, p = 0.0564) on average from 151 mg/dL at baseline. Among subjects who were hypertensive at baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 10 mmHg (95 % CI, 2 to 19, p = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure declined by 6 mmHg (95 % CI, 0 to 12, p = 0.0423), and mean arterial pressure declined 7 mmHg (95 % CI, 2 to 13, p = 0.014). Waist circumference was significantly reduced by 7 cm (95 % CI, 4 to 10, p < 0.0001) from a baseline of 120 cm. The most common adverse events were mild or moderate heartburn, implant site pain, and constipation. Improvements in obesity and glycemic control were largely sustained after 2 years of treatment with VBLOC therapy with a well-tolerated risk profile.