A Comparative Study of the Effect of Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, and Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass on Type-2 Diabetes in non-Obese Rats

We compared the therapeutic effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in non-obese rats using clamp testing. Goto-Kakizaki rats (non-obese rats with T2DM) underwent surgery: RYGB, SG, or DJB. Rats were observed for 8 weeks after surgery to evaluate weight changes. Levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 were determined 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and clamp test was used to evaluate glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Rats in RYGB, SG, and DJB groups weighed significantly less than sham-group rats 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. Fasting blood glucose levels of RYGB, SG, and DJB rats were significantly lower than preoperative levels. One month after surgery, the area under the curve of the OGTT (in mmolaEuro cent h/L) for RYGB, SG, DJB, and sham surgery groups was 38.9 +/- 5.9, 50.9 +/- 2.9, 46.8 +/- 3.3, and 67.4 +/- 6.0, respectively; there was no significant difference in glucose levels of SG and DJB groups. Glucose infusion rates (in mg/(kgaEuro cent min)) were 18.3 +/- 2.7, 17.2 +/- 2.1, and 16.8 +/- 1.9 in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-clamped RYGB, DJB, and SG rats, respectively, 8 weeks after surgery. The rate in the sham surgery group was 6.3 +/- 0.9. Area under plasma insulin curves 8 weeks after surgery in hyperglycemic-clamped RYGB, DJB, SG, and sham surgery rats (in mUaEuro cent h/L) were 98.8 +/- 7.0, 84.4 +/- 6.1, 89.0 +/- 7.1, and 22.6 +/- 2.6, respectively. The three surgical methods described alleviated T2DM and reduced insulin resistance in non-obese rats with T2DM.