Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Taylor Landry, Daniel Shookster, Hu Huang
Summary: ROCK1 plays important roles in metabolism, with potential as a therapeutic target in diabetes and obesity. Recent advances in tissue-specific approaches have helped to uncover its critical metabolic functions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Troy Dumenil, Thuy T. Le, Daniel J. Rawle, Kexin Yan, Bing Tang, Wilson Nguyen, Cameron Bishop, Andreas Suhrbier
Summary: Warmer climatic conditions have been associated with fewer COVID-19 cases. In this study, K18-hACE2 mice were infected and housed at temperatures of approximately 22 degrees C and 31 degrees C. The results showed no significant difference in gene expression and viral loads in the lungs between the two temperatures on day 2, but elevated inflammation and infiltrates were observed in the mice housed at 31 degrees C. Mice housed at 31 degrees C also had reduced viral loads in the nasal turbinates and brain, leading to less weight loss and delayed mortality.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Gerard Pernes, Pooranee K. Morgan, Kevin Huynh, Natalie A. Mellett, Peter J. Meikle, Andrew J. Murphy, Darren C. Henstridge, Graeme I. Lancaster
Summary: This study found significant changes in the lipid composition of different tissues in mice under cold stress, including alterations in plasma, BAT, and liver TG levels. Ether lipids were identified as a novel lipid class affected by exposure to cold. The effects of cold stress on BAT TG species varied between different temperatures, with those containing longer and more unsaturated fatty acids being particularly sensitive.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marlene Lac, Genevieve Tavernier, Cedric Moro
Summary: The reproducibility of scientific results is influenced by the avoidance of stress and biases in animal models, specifically in metabolism research. Housing animals at room temperature induces thermal stress, which activates key thermogenic organs like brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. It is important to consider thermal stress in experimental research as it can affect the interpretation of phenotypes and the study of metabolism. This review discusses the influence of ambient temperature on blood glucose homeostasis through the interaction of brown adipose tissue and muscle-fat crosstalk.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lavanya B. Achanta, Donald S. Thomas, Gary D. Housley, Caroline D. Rae
Summary: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in balancing anabolic and catabolic activities, and may have significant impacts on brain metabolism due to its high energy demands. Through NMR spectroscopy, we activated AMPK in guinea pig cortical tissue slices using direct and indirect activators, and found that different activator concentrations had distinct effects on metabolism. Direct activation with PF 06409577 increased Krebs cycle activity and restored pyruvate metabolism, while A769662 increased lactate and alanine production, as well as labeling of citrate and glutamine. These findings highlight the complex metabolic response to AMPK activators in the brain and emphasize the need for further research on their concentration- and mechanism-dependent impact.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bin Wang, Shu-qin Zhang, Jia-li Dong, Yuan Li, Yu-xiao Jin, Hui-wen Xiao, Hai-chao Wang, Sai-jun Fan, Ming Cui
Summary: This study investigated the effects of temperature on the radiosensitivity of zebrafish and identified potential biochemical mechanisms responsible for influencing radiosensitivity. The results suggest that gut microbiota configurations shaped by different temperatures may play a key role in modulating hepatic functions and radiosensitivity in zebrafish. Maintaining the stability of gram-positive bacteria could be efficacious in protecting aquatic organisms against radioactive contamination in the context of global climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ang Li, Yayuan Mei, Meiduo Zhao, Jing Xu, Samuel Seery, Runkui Li, Jiaxin Zhao, Quan Zhou, Xiaoyu Ge, Qun Xu
Summary: This study found that short-term exposure to O3 is positively associated with increased glucose levels and insulin resistance. Women may be more susceptible to the effects of short-term O3 exposure, but there does not appear to be a significant association between O3 and glucose homeostasis in medium-term exposures.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Arjun Chakrawal, Anke M. Herrmann, Stefano Manzoni
Summary: Heat dissipation from organic matter decomposition can be used to estimate microbial traits, with four model variants proposed for parameter estimation. The observed heat dissipation rate can constrain microbial models, and calorespirometric ratios (CR) can be used to scrutinize how well metabolic processes are represented in decomposition models.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Veronica A. Wang, Tamarra James-Todd, Michele R. Hacker, Karen E. O'Brien, Blair J. Wylie, Russ Hauser, Paige L. Williams, Andrea Bellavia, Marlee Quinn, Thomas F. McElrath, Stefania Papatheodorou
Summary: Exposure to higher levels of ambient PM gross beta-activity during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, was associated with higher blood glucose levels, particularly among younger and overweight/obese participants. Additionally, the highest compared to the lowest quartile of one-week exposure was also linked to higher glucose levels.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victoria Silva, Hector Oreliana Fernandes Faria, Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho, Jose Fernando Rinaldi de Alvarenga, Jarlei Fiamoncini, Rosemari Otton
Summary: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and is considered the leading cause of chronic liver disease. It is closely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. This study investigates the effects of green tea (GT) on MAFLD and shows that GT has beneficial effects on the liver phenotype and gene expression involved in lipogenesis, regardless of housing temperature.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiping Wang, Melis Ulgen, Mirko Trajkovski
Summary: Cancer immunotherapies have the potential to restrict tumor growth. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the immune response and efficacy of such therapies. Recent studies have shown that changes in ambient temperature can affect immune-metabolic reprogramming and anti-cancer immune response. The gut microbiota has been found to be involved in modulating this interaction. Understanding the metabolic response and mechanisms of tumor development in different ambient temperatures is important for the development of cancer therapeutics.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaue Tognolli, Victoria Silva, Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Renata Gorjao, Rosemari Otton
Summary: This study aims to investigate the immune cell population in the subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese mice, as well as the effects of green tea. The results suggest that a high-fat diet and thermoneutrality can induce chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. However, green tea can prevent weight gain, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis, while maintaining a similar immune cell profile to that of lean mice.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julia Ploentzke, Mascha Berg, Rainald Ehrig, Sabine Leonhard-Marek, Kerstin Elisabeth Mueller, Susanna Roeblitz
Summary: In this paper, a mathematical model is used to investigate the mechanisms of hypokalemia in dairy cows. The simulations confirm the observations described in literature and provide insights into the effects of dietary intake and excretion on potassium levels. The application of this model assists in experimental planning and contributes to the 3R strategy for animal experiments.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jonas Habel, Albert Sundrum
Summary: Based on comprehensive data, this study evaluated the glucose and energy balances of dairy cows before, during, and after the diagnosis of production diseases. It found that glucose availability dropped during the disease phase, leading to potential competition between immune defense and milk synthesis. The reduced dry matter intake and milk yield during disease resulted in decreased glucose availability. Strategies to increase glucogenic carbon availability for immune function during disease in dairy cows should be investigated.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinjin Jiang, Yaqin Gu, Shibin Ding, Guofu Zhang, Jinfeng Ding
Summary: Evidence shows that long-term ambient PM exposure disrupts the hepatic core circadian clock rhythm and disturbs glucose metabolism. The expression of BMAL1, Clock, and SIRT1 is significantly affected by ambient PM. However, this disruption can be restored by RES supplementation to improve glucose metabolism disorder.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lewin Small, Amanda E. Brandon, Lake-Ee Quek, James R. Krycer, David E. James, Nigel Turner, Gregory J. Cooney
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2018)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ishita Bakshi, Eurwin Suryana, Lewin Small, Lake-Ee Quek, Amanda E. Brandon, Nigel Turner, Gregory J. Cooney
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lewin Small, Amanda E. Brandon, Benjamin L. Parker, Vinita Deshpande, Azrah F. Samsudeen, Greg M. Kowalski, Jane Reznick, Donna L. Wilks, Elaine Preston, Clinton R. Bruce, David E. James, Nigel Turner, Gregory J. Cooney
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2019)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristine Williams, Lars R. Ingerslev, Jette Bork-Jensen, Martin Wohlwend, Ann Normann Hansen, Lewin Small, Rasmus Ribel-Madsen, Arne Astrup, Oluf Pedersen, Johan Auwerx, Christopher T. Workman, Niels Grarup, Torben Hansen, Romain Barres
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Lewin Small, Ali Altintas, Rhianna C. Laker, Amy Ehrlich, Pattarawan Pattamaprapanont, Julia Villarroel, Nicolas J. Pillon, Juleen R. Zierath, Romain Barres
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lewin Small, Lars R. Ingerslev, Eleonora Manitta, Rhianna C. Laker, Ann N. Hansen, Brendan Deeney, Alain Carrie, Philippe Couvert, Romain Barres
Summary: Skeletal muscle can adapt to environmental stimuli such as exercise and diet through DNA methylation, but DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) does not seem to play a significant role in exercise capacity or energy metabolism in mature skeletal muscle. Nevertheless, DNMT3A may have an impact on muscle development and differentiation.
Article
Neurosciences
Marco Tozzi, Erin L. Brown, Patricia S. S. Petersen, Morten Lundh, Marie S. Isidor, Kaja Plucinska, Thomas S. Nielsen, Marina Agueda-Oyarzabal, Lewin Small, Jonas T. Treebak, Brice Emanuelli
Summary: Afadin is a scaffold protein involved in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, with its phosphorylation at S1795 being critical in metabolic tissues during obesity progression. Genetic silencing of Afadin(S1795) phosphorylation improves glucose homeostasis in the early stages of metabolic dysregulation. The dynamic regulation of Afadin abundance and phosphorylation during diet-induced obesity highlights its contribution to systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Shogo Sato, Kenneth A. Dyar, Jonas T. Treebak, Sara L. Jepsen, Amy M. Ehrlich, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Kunzke, Verena M. Prade, Lewin Small, Astrid Linde Basse, Milena Schonke, Siwei Chen, Muntaha Samad, Pierre Baldi, Romain Barres, Axel Walch, Thomas Moritz, Jens J. Holst, Dominik Lutter, Juleen R. Zierath, Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Summary: This study compares and analyzes the global metabolite responses in mouse tissues and serum after acute exercise at different time points, revealing the independent and collective metabolic responses of cells and tissues to timed exercise. The results provide a clear understanding of the production and distribution of time-dependent exercise metabolites and offer insights into the health-promoting benefits of exercise on metabolism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lewin Small, Amy Ehrlich, Jo Iversen, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Kajetan Trost, Thomas Moritz, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Jonas T. Treebak, Juleen R. Zierath, Romain Barres
Summary: The study compares the effect of different routes of glucose administration (oral and intraperitoneal) on glucose and insulin kinetics during a glucose tolerance test in mice. The results show that intraperitoneal glucose administration resulted in significantly elevated blood glucose levels, but had a lesser effect on insulin and incretin hormone levels compared to oral administration.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Farideh Moharrek, Lars R. Ingerslev, Ali Altintas, Leonidas Lundell, Ann N. Hansen, Lewin Small, Christopher T. Workman, Romain Barres
Summary: This study compared DNA methylation in spermatozoa from humans, mice, rats, and mini-pigs and found DNA methylation variation near genes related to the central nervous system and signal transduction. Additionally, gene expression dynamics during different preimplantation stages were modestly associated with spermatozoal DNA methylation at the nearest promoters.
Article
Biology
Amanda E. Brandon, Lewin Small, Tuong-Vi Nguyen, Eurwin Suryana, Henry Gong, Christian Yassmin, Sarah E. Hancock, Tamara Pulpitel, Sophie Stonehouse, Letisha Prescott, Melkam A. Kebede, Belinda Yau, Lake-Ee Quek, Greg M. Kowalski, Clinton R. Bruce, Nigel Turner, Gregory J. Cooney
Summary: Obesity is generally associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but there is a subset of obese individuals who remain insulin sensitive. Recent research suggests that high carbohydrate diets can cause obesity in mice without glucose intolerance. This study found that dietary manipulation can influence insulin action independently of adiposity, and specific ceramide species may be associated with these differences.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brenna Osborne, Lauren E. Wright, Amanda E. Brandon, Ella Stuart, Lewin Small, Joris Hoeks, Patrick Schrauwen, David A. Sinclair, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Gregory J. Cooney, Nigel Turner
Summary: This study investigated whether specific overexpression of SIRT3 in skeletal muscle could prevent high-fat diet-induced muscle insulin resistance. The results showed that overexpression of SIRT3 did not alleviate muscle insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet and intramuscular triglyceride content was increased. These findings indicate that muscle-specific overexpression of SIRT3 has only minor effects on the acute development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Le May Thai, Liam O'Reilly, Saskia Reibe-Pal, Nancy Sue, Holly Holliday, Lewin Small, Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer, Rama Dhenni, Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai, Nicholas Norris, Belinda Yau, Xuan Zhang, Kailun Lee, Chenxu Yan, Yan-Chuan Shi, Melkam A. Kebede, Robert Brink, Gregory J. Cooney, Katharine M. Irvine, Samuel N. Breit, Tri G. Phan, Alexander Swarbrick, Trevor J. Biden
Summary: This study focuses on using islet-associated macrophages (IAMs) as a model to study resident macrophage function under physiological conditions. It was found that IAMs play a role in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through metabolic rewiring and engagement of Axl receptors. High-fat feeding stimulates efferocytosis in IAMs, which impairs GSIS and potentially contributes to beta-cell dysfunction in pre-diabetes.
Article
Cell Biology
Lewin Small, Leonidas S. Lundell, Jo Iversen, Amy M. Ehrlich, Morten Dall, Astrid L. Basse, Emilie Dalbram, Ann N. Hansen, Jonas T. Treebak, Romain Barres, Juleen R. Zierath
Summary: Seasonal light affects energy metabolism by modulating the rhythmicity of food intake, rather than melatonin.