Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Esraa Mamdouh Hassan, Hisham Mushtaq, Esraa Elaraby Mahmoud, Sherley Chhibber, Shoaib Saleem, Ahmed Issa, Jain Nitesh, Abbas B. Jama, Anwar Khedr, Sydney Boike, Mikael Mir, Noura Attallah, Salim Surani, Syed A. Khan
Summary: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) are two life-threatening metabolic complications of diabetes, and reaching a consensus on their diagnostic criteria and treatment has been challenging. The overlap between these two conditions adds an additional hurdle. Timely diagnosis and treatment based on a complete evaluation are crucial, but large-scale studies are lacking.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wenjing Zhang, Jiexiu Chen, Juan Bi, Nan Ding, Xin Chen, Zhuo Wang, Yang Jiao
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review to recognize the rare adverse event of combined diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The study identified clinical features and outcomes of patients with ICIs-combined DKA-HHS, emphasizing the need for healthcare professionals and patients to be aware of the differences in treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keitaro Miyamura, Nobutoshi Nawa, Hisaaki Nishimura, Kiyohide Fushimi, Takeo Fujiwara
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of heat exposure on hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and hypoglycemia. The results show that heat exposure is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for these hyperglycemic emergencies.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Arnon Gal, Adesola Odunayo
Summary: Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) is defined as high blood glucose, acidemia, low bicarbonate levels, with presence of ketones in blood and urine. Euglycemic DKA (EDKA) is defined as DKA with near normal or lower than expected blood glucose levels. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is...
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kyosuke Takahashi, Norimichi Uenishi, Masamitsu Sanui, Shigehiko Uchino, Naoki Yonezawa, Tetsuhiro Takei, Norihiro Nishioka, Hirotada Kobayashi, Shunichi Otaka, Kotaro Yamamoto, Hideto Yasuda, Shintaro Kosaka, Hidehiko Tokunaga, Naoki Fujiwara, Takashiro Kondo, Tomoki Ishida, Takayuki Komatsu, Koji Endo, Taiki Moriyama, Takayoshi Oyasu, Mineji Hayakawa, Atsumi Hoshino, Tasuku Matsuyama, Yuki Miyamoto, Akihiro Yanagisawa, Tadamasa Wakabayashi, Takeshi Ueda, Tetsuya Komuro, Toshiro Sugimoto, Alan Kawarai Lefor
Summary: This multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan investigated the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). The study found that the mortality rate of DKA patients was similar to previous studies, while the mortality rate of HHS patients was lower. There was variation in ICU admission rates among different hospitals, and no significant association was found between the severity of DKA and mortality.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Wei-Ting Wei, Shu-Man Lin, Jin-Yi Hsu, Ying-Ying Wu, Ching-Hui Loh, Huei-Kai Huang, Peter Pin-Sung Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in diabetic patients in Taiwan. The results showed no significant association between HHS and overall VTE risk in the study population.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Halis Kaan Akturk, Janet Snell-Bergeon, Gregory L. Kinney, Anagha Champakanath, Andrew Monte, Viral N. Shah
Summary: The study found that cannabis users had significantly higher pH and bicarbonate levels compared to non-users, and the accuracy of predicting HK-CHS with a positive cannabis urine test result was high.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sebastiaan P. Blank, Ruth M. Blank, Lewis Campbell
Summary: This study evaluated the rates of change in tonicity and glucose level in critically ill patients with DKA and their association with mortality and altered mental status. The findings suggest that relatively rapid correction of tonicity and glucose level is associated with lower mortality and more favorable neurologic outcomes.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Halis Kaan Akturk, Janet Snell-Bergeon, Gregory L. Kinney, Anagha Champakanath, Andrew Monte, Viral N. Shah
Summary: The study aimed to differentiate between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic ketosis due to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (HK-CHS) in adults with type 1 diabetes. It was found that cannabis users had higher levels of pH and bicarbonate compared to non-users. A positive urine test result for cannabis could be used to predict the occurrence of HK-CHS.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Brit Long, Skyler Lentz, Alex Koyfman, Michael Gottlieb
Summary: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare but serious endocrine emergency in diabetic patients with relative euglycemia and acidosis. The condition is often misdiagnosed due to the low serum glucose levels. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and management with intravenous fluids, insulin, and glucose.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazumasa Kotake, Atsuhito Tone, Satoko Watanabe, Mayumi Senoo, Mitsuhiro Kaneto, Yusuke Imai, Sanae Teshigawara, Yasuhiro Kawakami, Tatsuaki Nakatou
Summary: Distigmine bromide-induced cholinergic crisis can lead to hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, with symptoms of bradycardia, miosis, and low plasma cholinesterase activity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Susanne Kaser, Harald Sourij, Martin Clodi, Bruno Schneeweiss, Anton N. Laggner, Anton Luger
Summary: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are life-threatening conditions in adults, requiring rapid and comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic measures, as well as close monitoring of vital and laboratory parameters. Treatment for DKA and HHS is essentially the same, with the initial and most important step being replacement of fluid deficit with a physiological crystalloid solution. Regular or rapid acting insulin can be administered intravenously, followed by a switch to subcutaneous injections after correction of acidosis and stable glucose concentrations.
WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria G. Parra Villasmil, Shruti Patel, Michael Tansey, Aditya Badheka, Madhuradhar Chegondi
Summary: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are serious complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This case study presents a teenage female with a new onset of type 1 DM, presenting as mixed DKA and HHS. Meticulous fluid management and continuous insulin drip were effective in resolving the acidosis and hyperosmolar state.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hafeez Shaka, Zain El-Amir, Farah Wani, Michael Albosta, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Omolabake Alabi, Chukwudi Charles Muojieje, Asim Kichloo
Summary: This study aimed to describe rates and trends in hospitalizations, inpatient mortality, total hospital charges, and mean lengths of stay among adult patients hospitalized for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). The study found an increasing trend in hospitalizations for T2DM with HHS over the past decade, but a decline in inpatient mortality.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Abdulrahman F. Al-Mashdali, Mohammadshah Gul, Waseem Umer, Abeer Omar, Akhnuwkh Jones
Summary: This case report describes a rare complication of hyperthyroidism called non-diabetic ketoacidosis (NDKA). The patient presented with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Laboratory findings confirmed high anion gap metabolic acidosis and positive ketones in the urine, with subsequent diagnosis of primary hyperthyroidism. Treatment with intravenous fluid and anti-thyroid medications resulted in significant improvement of symptoms.