Article
Neurosciences
Antonia Kaiser, Caroline Broeder, Jessica Cohen, Linda Douw, Liesbeth Reneman, Anouk Schrantee
Summary: This study investigated the effects of methylphenidate on brain network connectivity in children and adults with ADHD and found that the effects were age-dependent. Methylphenidate decreased connectivity and centrality in subcortical regions in children, but increased these measures in adults. Interestingly, no major effects were observed in frontal regions. These findings suggest that the effects of methylphenidate treatment should be studied from a developmental perspective.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sean Esteban McCabe, Olivia Figueroa, Vita V. McCabe, Ty S. Schepis, John E. Schulenberg, Philip T. Veliz, Kennedy S. Werner, Timothy E. Wilens
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD and cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse in adolescence. The results showed that early initiation and longer duration of stimulant therapy were not associated with increased odds of cocaine or methamphetamine use. However, late initiation and shorter duration of stimulant therapy were significantly associated with higher odds of past-year cocaine or prescription stimulant misuse. There were no differences in misuse rates between individuals who received non-stimulant therapy for ADHD and those who initiated early and long-duration stimulant therapy.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luis C. Farhat, Jose M. Flores, Emily Behling, Victor J. Avila-Quintero, Adam Lombroso, Samuele Cortese, Guilherme Polanczyk, Michael H. Bloch
Summary: We conducted a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of stimulant dose and dosing strategies on clinical outcomes in children/adolescents with ADHD. Our findings suggest that flexible titration of stimulant medications can improve efficacy and acceptability.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph Sadek
Summary: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessment is challenging due to malingering or feigning of symptoms, as well as the abuse and diversion of stimulant medication. Recent literature suggests several reasons for malingering and faking ADHD symptoms, including obtaining drugs for performance enhancement, accessing additional services and benefits, recreational use, and illegal selling. Self-report rating measures have proven to be easily simulated by patients without ADHD, making it difficult to detect false positives. This article highlights clinical factors for detecting malingering during ADHD assessment and discusses available tests.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chris Eaton, Kenneith Yong, Victoria Walter, Gashirai K. Mbizvo, Sinead Rhodes, Richard Fm Chin
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs used to treat individuals with both ADHD and epilepsy. The results showed that the stimulant drug OROS-MPH did not significantly worsen epilepsy, but higher doses were associated with an increased risk of seizures. The non-stimulant drug omega-3, when used in combination with other medications, reduced seizure frequency. However, the certainty of evidence for these outcomes was low, and further research is needed.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Suzanne K. Vosburg, Stephen Faraone, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Anthony L. Rostain, Robert L. Findling, Stephen F. Butler, Taryn Dailey Govoni, Jody L. Green
Summary: The study revealed that approximately 4.3% of adolescents in SUD treatment reported past 30-day prescription stimulant non-medical use. Those who reported non-medical use were more likely to have a lifetime diagnosis of learning disorder or ADHD, take medication for emotional, behavioral, or learning disorders, and have received recent inpatient treatment. They were also more likely to be currently not enrolled in school. Additionally, half of the non-medical users reported using alternate routes of administration, with intranasal use being the most common.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carrie M. Mintz, Kevin Y. Xu, Ned J. Presnall, Sarah M. Hartz, Frances R. Levin, Jeffrey F. Scherrer, Laura J. Bierut, Richard A. Grucza
Summary: The use of prescription stimulants is associated with a modest increase in the risk of drug-related poisoning among individuals receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, stimulant use is also associated with improved retention to buprenorphine treatment, providing protection against overdose.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Iman Idrees, Alessio Bellato, Samuele Cortese, Madeleine J. Groom
Summary: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impacts of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on autonomic functioning in individuals with ADHD. We searched multiple databases for relevant studies and included a variety of measures for autonomic activity. The findings suggest that both stimulants and non-stimulants can increase heart rate and blood pressure in individuals with ADHD, and stimulant use is associated with increased arousal as indicated by electrodermal activity and pupil diameter. However, the diverse methodologies employed in the included studies highlight the need for more standardized and rigorous research to fully elucidate the relationship between arousal, medication, and behavior in ADHD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Muhammad Ali, Nickolas Dreher, Theodore Hannah, Adam Li, Nek Asghar, Zachary Spiera, Naoum Fares Marayati, John Durbin, Alex Gometz, Mark Lovell, Tanvir Choudhri
Summary: The study found that youth athletes with ADHD who were treated with stimulants had a lower risk of concussion and less severe neurocognitive dysfunction after concussion. The use of stimulants in ADHD patients may help reduce the incidence of concussion and improve the quality of recovery.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mina Tadrous, Ahmad Shakeri, Cherry Chu, Jennifer Watt, Muhammad M. Mamdani, David N. Juurlink, Tara Gomes
Summary: A cohort study found that stimulant use was associated with an early increase in cardiovascular events among older adults, with no association for long-term use.
Article
Psychiatry
Brooke S. G. Molina, Traci M. M. Kennedy, Andrea L. L. Howard, James M. M. Swanson, L. Eugene Arnold, John T. T. Mitchell, Annamarie Stehli, Edward H. H. Kennedy, Jeffery N. N. Epstein, Lily T. T. Hechtman, Stephen P. P. Hinshaw, Benedetto Vitiello
Summary: This study found no evidence of an association between stimulant treatment for ADHD and increased or decreased risk for frequent use of alcohol, marijuana, cigarette smoking, or other substances in adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD.
Article
Psychiatry
Brooke S. G. Molina, Traci M. Kennedy, Andrea L. Howard, James M. Swanson, L. Eugene Arnold, John T. Mitchell, Annamarie Stehli, Edward H. Kennedy, Jeffery N. Epstein, Lily T. Hechtman, Stephen P. Hinshaw, Benedetto Vitiello
Summary: This study examined the association between stimulant treatment for ADHD and subsequent substance use. The findings suggest that stimulant treatment for ADHD is not associated with increased or decreased risk for later substance use such as alcohol, marijuana, cigarette smoking, or other substances.
Review
Neurosciences
Kenneth Handelman, Fernando Sumiya
Summary: This paper reviews tolerance to stimulant medication treatment for ADHD, highlighting physiological changes related to long-term stimulant usage and strategies to manage tolerance. Long-term follow-up studies demonstrate a lessening medication response over time in a high percentage of patients.
Article
Pediatrics
Nicole Hadler, Arianna Strome, Marika Waselewski, Kelsey Herbert, Chloe Harper, Tammy Chang
Summary: The study found that many youth believe peer pressure and coping are common reasons for stimulant diversion, with many perceiving that lots of youth misuse stimulants. They thought stimulants could be obtained from peers, people with prescriptions, dealers, and family members, and some even mentioned access through unnecessary prescriptions. Many were aware of the health risks of misuse, but few mentioned potential legal consequences.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Miriam Sanabra, Tary Gomez-Hinojosa, Carlota Alcover, Oscar Sans, Jose A. Alda
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders in treatment-naive children and adolescents with ADHD, and to determine the impact of stimulant medication on their sleep. Results showed that ADHD patients did not experience significant sleep disturbances after 3 months of treatment, but significant differences were found in sleep diary records by parents.
SLEEP AND BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
(2021)