Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Angel Abuelo, Faith Cullens, Amanda Hanes, Jill L. Brester
Summary: The study suggests that providing calves with a second feeding of colostrum within 5-6 hours of birth has positive effects on calf health, reducing the risk of failure of transfer of passive immunity and morbidity, and optimizing pre-weaning average daily gain. However, there is no significant impact on pre-weaning mortality and reproductive efficiency.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
D. L. Renaud, C. Rot, J. Marshall, M. A. Steele
Summary: This study investigated the impact of Bovine coronavirus, Bovine rotavirus, and Cryptosporidium parvum on dairy calf health and performance. The prevalence of these pathogens significantly affected the incidence of diarrhea and body weight gain in calves.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xin Zhang, Xia Yi, Haohua Zhuang, Zhaoju Deng, Chong Ma
Summary: Antimicrobial use is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance in dairy herds, and there is a lack of overview on antimicrobial use and resistance in dairy calves. This review provides a summary of antimicrobial use and resistance data in dairy calves and suggests possibilities for reducing antimicrobial use.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
O. W. Osawe, D. Lapple, A. Hanlon, L. Boyle
Summary: The study examined attitudes of 441 Irish dairy farmers towards the welfare of farmed animals and dairy calves. It also explored the impact of expansion, breeding, calf management, and farmer characteristics on calf welfare outcomes. Findings revealed that farmers generally have concerns about animal welfare, but views on dairy calves and industry reputation varied, with distinct groups of farmers showing high, medium, and low levels of animal welfare concern.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giovana S. Slanzon, Benjamin J. Ridenhour, Dale A. Moore, William M. Sischo, Lindsay M. Parrish, Sophie C. Trombetta, Craig S. McConnel
Summary: Gastrointestinal disease is the most common illness in pre-weaned dairy calves. This study found that the composition of the fecal microbiome is associated with clinical symptoms of GI disease, as well as the severity and breed specificities of the disease.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. E. Reis, A. F. de Toledo, A. P. da Silva, M. Poczynek, M. C. Cantor, G. F. Virginio Junior, L. Greco, C. M. M. Bittar
Summary: Studies have shown that supplementing dairy calf diets with beta-glucans extracted from the cell wall of cereals, algae, and yeasts can improve immune function and promote growth. This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effects of supplementing milk replacer with algae beta-glucans on growth performance, fecal status, and blood metabolites in dairy calves. The results showed that calves supplemented with beta-glucans had better growth and fecal consistency, as well as lower odds of experiencing diarrhea bouts compared to control calves. Further research is needed to explore the impact of algae beta-glucans on lower-gut physiology and digestibility in dairy calves.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jessica Garcia, Jessica Pempek, Miranda Hengy, Austin Hinds, Dubraska Diaz-Campos, Gregory Habing
Summary: Gastrointestinal disease is the leading cause of mortality in dairy calves, with septicemia being a significant consequence of diarrhea. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is justified primarily for the prevention of bacteremia, but it is currently not necessary for diarrheic calves without signs of depression.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Eun-Tae Kim, Sang-Jin Lee, Tae-Yong Kim, Hyo-Gun Lee, Rahman M. Atikur, Bon-Hee Gu, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Beom-Young Park, Jun-Kyu Son, Myung-Hoo Kim
Summary: The study utilized metagenomic analysis to investigate the dynamic changes in the fecal microbiome of pre-weaned dairy calves, revealing significant shifts in gut microbiome composition during diarrheal disease and increased diversity with age. The findings suggest important implications of gut microbiota in the metabolism and health status of neonatal dairy calves.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Havelah S. M. Carter, David L. Renaud, Michael A. Steele, Amanda J. Fischer-Tlustos, Joao H. C. Costa
Summary: The death and disease rate in young dairy calves, mainly caused by diarrhea, is high. The current treatment with antimicrobials may not be necessary and could lead to antimicrobial resistance. Bovine colostrum, packed with essential nutrients and bioactive factors, shows potential as an alternative therapy for diarrhea in young calves.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. E. Reis, A. F. Toledo, A. P. da Silva, M. Poczynek, E. A. Fioruci, M. C. Cantor, L. Greco, C. M. M. Bittar
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding lysolecithin in milk replacer on the performance, metabolites, and gut health of preweaned dairy calves. The results showed that supplementation of lysolecithin increased average daily gain, feed efficiency, and improved fecal score in preweaned calves.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ingrid Lorenz, Regina Huber, Florian M. Trefz
Summary: Adequate colostrum feeding, ad libitum milk feeding, and avoiding early iron supplementation are important factors in reducing the risk of neonatal calf diarrhea on Bavarian dairy farms.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. Dachrodt, H. Arndt, A. Bartel, L. M. Kellermann, A. Tautenhahn, M. Volkmann, K. Birnstiel, P. Do Duc, A. Hentzsch, K. C. Jensen, M. Klawitter, P. Paul, A. Stoll, S. Woudstra, P. Zuz, G. Knubben, M. Metzner, K. E. Muller, R. Merle, M. Hoedemaker
Summary: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of disorders in preweaned calves in 3 regions in Germany, finding that omphalitis and diarrhea were the most common diagnoses, while respiratory diseases were less observed. Some disorders, such as omphalitis and diarrhea, were more common in 2-week-old calves, and respiratory diseases increased with age. Male calves were more affected by most disorders, except for respiratory diseases. Omphalitis was more common in summer, while respiratory diseases, diarrhea, and multimorbidity were more common in fall. The study also identified significant differences in the prevalence of disorders between the three regions.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Olivia C. O'Keefe, Dale A. Moore, Craig S. McConnel, William M. Sischo
Summary: The study found evidence of overuse of antimicrobials in neonatal calves, which may disrupt their gastrointestinal microbiota and health. There were risks of clinical misclassification even when treating unhealthy calves based on farm personnel decisions. Antimicrobials had an impact on Bifidobacterium dynamics, highlighting the need for improved disease classification and antimicrobial stewardship on farms.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Patrick Crannell, Angel Abuelo
Summary: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the morbidity, mortality, growth, and reproductive efficiency of dairy calves in different categories of transfer of passive immunity (TPI). Calves with poor TPI showed increased risk of diarrhea and higher preweaning mortality, while there were no statistically significant differences among calves with fair, good, and excellent TPI in terms of mortality and reproductive parameters.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hongwei Chen, Yalu Liu, Kailang Huang, Bin Yang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zhongtang Yu, Jiakun Wang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between gut microbes and calf diarrhea in two animal trials. The results suggest that the dynamics of calf gut microbiota and the interactions among certain bacteria can influence calf diarrhea, and specific species of Prevotella and Muribaculaceae may play key roles in preventing it.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Panagiotis Ballas, Ulrike Reinlaender, Roland Schlegl, Monika Ehling-Schulz, Marc Drillich, Karen Wagener
Summary: The study aimed to characterize the intrauterine cultivable aerobic microbiota in healthy cows and cows with mild clinical endometritis (CE) at the time of artificial insemination (AI), and investigate its impact on subsequent insemination success. The results showed that the diagnosis of mild CE at AI and the total bacterial load decreased the chance of pregnancy, but no significant correlation between a distinctive bacterial species and insemination success was observed.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Goharshahi, M. Azizzadeh, L. Lidauer, A. Steininger, F. Kickinger, M. Oehlschuster, W. Auer, D. Klein-Joebstl, M. Drillich, M. Iwersen
Summary: The study found that the lying, inactive, and active times of calves one day before the onset of diarrhea can serve as early indicators for detecting the disease. Using an accelerometer system, these behavior patterns were effectively monitored and showed potential for early detection of neonatal calf diarrhea.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Angelika Sacher-Pirklbauer, Daniela Klein-Joebstl, Dmitrij Sofka, Anne-Beatrice Blanc-Potard, Friederike Hilbert
Summary: Escherichia coli isolated from meat of different animal species may contain antimicrobial resistance genes, posing a potential threat to human health. However, the distribution of resistance genes was found to be similar across different meat species, and the variety of resistance genes detected was relatively low.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. Rlosa, M. H. Ghaffarl, H. M. Hammon, D. Suess, M. Hoelker, M. Drllllch, C. Parys, J. Guyader, H. Sauerweln, M. Iwersen
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the interindividual variation in BFT loss during early lactation in a large dairy herd and evaluate its relationship with serum metabolites, metabolic hormones, and inflammatory markers. The results showed that cows with greater BFT losses had higher lipid mobilization and ketogenesis, and milk yield was affected by the BFT-ap cluster.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nasrin Ramezani Gardaloud, Christian Guse, Laura Lidauer, Alexandra Steininger, Florian Kickinger, Manfred Oehlschuster, Wolfgang Auer, Michael Iwersen, Marc Drillich, Daniela Klein-Joebstl
Summary: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important diseases in group-housed calves worldwide, impacting calf welfare and farm economics. This study suggests that ear-attached accelerometers can detect behavioral changes related to respiratory disease in calves, allowing for potential early detection before clinical diagnosis.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. Madoz, S. N. Lorenti, R. Rearte, L. Quintero-Rodriguez, A. L. Migliorisi, M. Jaureguiberry, C. Gabler, M. Drillich, R. L. de la Sota
Summary: This study examined the embryo mortality rate in dairy cows managed under grazing systems between 19 and 34 days after artificial insemination, and evaluated the diagnostic value of Doppler ultrasound in detecting nonpregnant cows early.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Karina Regina Weimar, Barbara Pichlbauer, Christian Guse, Johannes Peter Schramel, Christian Peham, Marc Drillich, Michael Iwersen
Summary: The study evaluated a technical device for measuring the elastic properties of floors for bedding materials for dairy cows. Ten different floor types were tested, with sawdust being the softest material. The agreement between the devices and examiners was almost perfect, indicating that the device can be used as a new method for objectively assessing the softness of bedding materials for dairy cows.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Panagiotis Ballas, Harald Pothmann, Isabella Pothmann, Marc Drillich, Monika Ehling-Schulz, Karen Wagener
Summary: The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of anaerobic cultivable microbiota in the uterus of dairy cows. Samples were collected from 122 dairy cows at six time points after calving, resulting in 1858 bacterial isolates. Remarkable shifts were observed in the composition of microbiota throughout the postpartum period, with some bacteria associated with endometritis and others frequently detected in healthy animals. This study provides valuable information for the development of prevention and therapeutic strategies.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anne Simoni, Andrew Hancock, Christian Wunderlich, Marcus Klawitter, Thomas Breuer, Felix Koenig, Karina Weimar, Marc Drillich, Michael Iwersen
Summary: In this study, rumination activity was monitored using an ear-tag-based accelerometer system to investigate the association between a decrease in rumination time and the digestive physiology of dairy cows. Cows with health alerts showed greater variations in rumen fluid characteristics during the health alerts than healthy cows. Monitoring rumination activity is considered a useful indicator for the early detection of diseases and metabolic disorders.