Article
Infectious Diseases
Tahir Lubna, Tahir Hussain, Ashwag Shami, Naseem Rafiq, Shehryar Khan, Muhammad Kabir, Naimat Ullah Khan, Irfan Khattak, Mustafa Kamal, Tahir Usman
Summary: The main objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of S. aureus in raw milk and to detect the presence of mecA and tetK genes in it. Out of the 150 milk samples tested, S. aureus was detected in 55 (37%) of them, with 11 of them being multidrug-resistant strains. The highest resistance was found to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (100%), while amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin were found to be susceptible (100%). The presence of mecA and tetK genes was detected in 9 and 7 of the multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolates, respectively.
Article
Microbiology
Isabel Guthridge, Simon Smith, Matthew Law, Enzo Binotto, Josh Hanson
Summary: Lincosamides, particularly when used as a predominant therapy, show potential efficacy in the treatment of MRSA bacteremia, especially in young, clinically stable patients with few comorbidities. Patients receiving lincosamide-predominant therapy had lower in-hospital mortality and a lower incidence of renal complications compared to those receiving an alternative regimen. Prospective studies are needed to further define the optimal role of lincosamides in the treatment of MRSA bacteremia.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maged El-Ashker, Stefan Monecke, Mayada Gwida, Thoraya Saad, Adel El-Gohary, Amro Mohamed, Annett Reissig, Katrin Frankenfeld, Dominik Gary, Elke Mueller, Ralf Ehricht
Summary: This study aims to investigate the clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains in healthy dairy cattle, buffaloes, and their caretakers in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. The results reveal a high clonal diversity of multi-drug resistant S. aureus clones that colonize the animals and caretakers, indicating a potential health threat for both populations.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Bohdan L. Bilyk, Viralkumar V. Panchal, Mariana Tinajero-Trejo, Jamie K. Hobbs, Simon J. Foster
Summary: The development of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has made Staphylococcus aureus, especially MRSA, a global clinical burden. The acquisition of mecA, which encodes PBP2A, allows MRSA to proliferate in the presence of beta-lactams. Further genetic adjustments are required to develop high-level resistance.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaonan Zhao, Xiaomeng Yuan, Ming Hu, Yin Zhang, Lulu Li, Qing Zhang, Xuexia Yuan, Wenbo Wang, Yuqing Liu
Summary: The study revealed a relatively high prevalence of S. aureus in bulk tank milk from Shandong dairy farms, with the isolates carrying multiple virulence genes and exhibiting multiple antimicrobial resistance. The lurking threat of MRSA in raw milk emphasizes the need for surveillance programs starting at the farm level.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
John Bosco Kalule, Valeria Zalwango Nakintu, Simon Peter SSendawula
Summary: This study assessed nasal carriage of MRSA in domestic pigs and sympatric vervet monkeys in a rural African village during an outbreak of a virus hemorrhagic fever suspected to be contracted from wild primates. The study found a high level of antibiotic resistance in both pigs and vervet monkeys, suggesting the potential for widespread environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ahosanul H. Shahid, K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ajran Kabir, Shahjahan A. Sarker, Mahbubul P. Siddique, Hossam M. Ashour
Summary: The study investigated the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in food processing environments in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh, revealing a certain percentage of isolates resistant to antibiotics. Some isolates were found to be resistant to methicillin and vancomycin, posing a threat to public health.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yu Ri Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung, Jae-Hoon Ko, Kyungmin Huh, Sun Young Cho, Cheol-In Kang, Kyong Ran Peck
Summary: This study compared MSSA strains with high and low vancomycin MICs, and identified that mutations in the graR and walK genes may contribute to reduced vancomycin susceptibility in MSSA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Asmita Shrestha, Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai, Himal Luitel, Surendra Karki, Hom Bahadur Basnet
Summary: This study identified a high prevalence of S. aureus-mediated subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in Chitwan, Nepal, with a small proportion being MRSA carrying a mecA gene. The contamination of milk by S. aureus, CoNS, and MRSA poses a public health risk due to their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. It is recommended to screen dairy herds for subclinical mastitis and treat animals based on antibiotic susceptibility tests to combat antimicrobial resistance. Future research should focus on exploring additional antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus species beyond the mecA gene to ensure public health.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ying Wang, Peihua Zhang, Jian Wu, Shuaiyin Chen, Yuefei Jin, Jinzhao Long, Guangcai Duan, Haiyan Yang
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a dangerous bacterial pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is classified into different types based on their sources, such as hospital-associated (HA-MRSA), community-associated (CA-MRSA), and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). LA-MRSA, initially associated with livestock, has spread among humans, animals, and the environment due to factors like animal husbandry, globalization, and antibiotic use. This review provides an overview of the transmission characteristics of S. aureus and its clones in different hosts, as well as the changes in mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during host switching.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jace A. Willis, Vsevolod Cheburkanov, Shaorong Chen, Jennifer M. Soares, Giulia Kassab, Kate C. Blanco, Vanderlei S. Bagnato, Paul de Figueiredo, Vladislav V. Yakovlev
Summary: The widespread use of antibiotics contributes to the evolution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, posing a threat to patients and healthcare professionals. Developing strategies to combat resistance is recognized as a global healthcare priority. In this study, a method using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in conjunction with antibiotics is proposed to reduce resistance and extend the lifespan of current antibiotics. The results show that concurrent treatment of bacteria with antibiotics and aPDT significantly decreases the resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, suggesting a potential alternative for overcoming the challenge of growing MRSA.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jian Peng, Biswajit Mishra, Rajamohammed Khader, LewisOscar Felix, Eleftherios Mylonakis
Summary: In this study, a smaller antimicrobial peptide C18 derived from cecropin 4 showed high antibacterial activity against various bacteria and yeasts, with a remarkable effect on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. C18 also exhibited the capability to eliminate persister cells, reduce biofilm adherence, interact with DNA, and down-regulate virulence factor genes. Moreover, C18 showed promising results in a Galleria mellonella model, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for severe MRSA infections.
Article
Cell Biology
Zhimin Bai, Min Chen, Qiaofa Lin, Ying Ye, Hongmei Fan, Kaizhen Wen, Jianxing Zeng, Donghong Huang, Wenfei Mo, Ying Lei, Zhijun Liao
Summary: By extracting feature vectors from protein sequences and using classification tools, MRSA and MSSA were successfully distinguished. MRSA showed high resistance to penicillin and high pathogenic risk. Cross-infection between different types of MRSA was found in Quanzhou, and MRSA in traditional hospitals exhibited increasingly blurred molecular characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sandra Truong, Poonam Mudgil
Summary: This systematic review examines the antibacterial properties of lavender essential oil (LEO) against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. The findings suggest mixed results, with some studies reporting significant effectiveness and others reporting minimal to negligible effect. However, it is noted that LEO works synergistically with other antibacterial substances, highlighting the need for further research.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. McDougall, J. Penry, D. Dymock
Summary: The study indicated that bacterial isolates from organic herds had lower antibiotic resistance compared to herds using dry cow therapy (DCT). However, the differences in MIC distributions occurred below clinical breakpoints, suggesting that bacteriological cure rates may not be affected by isolates with different MIC levels.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anne Bunge, Sonja Dreyer, Jan-Hendrik Paduch, Doris Klocke, Stefanie Leimbach, Nicole Wente, Julia Nitz, Volker Kromker
Summary: To optimise udder health at the herd level, it is necessary to identify incurable mastitis cases and provide adequate therapy and culling strategies. This study assessed the cell count and cell viability in DHI milk samples and found that the proportion of non-vital cells can enhance the prediction of whether antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis is promising or not.
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Rainer van Aerssen, Michael Schmausser, Axel Wehrend, Volker Kroemker, Alexander Starke, Georg Eller, Martin Gehring, Reiner Schneichel, Franz Zimmer
TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE GROSSTIERE NUTZTIERE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Franziska Preine, Demetrio Herrera, Christian Scherpenzeel, Piret Kalmus, Finola McCoy, Sebastian Smulski, Paivi Rajala-Schultz, Anne Schmenger, Paolo Moroni, Volker Kromker
Summary: This study compares the therapeutic approaches for mastitis treatment in lactation in different European countries. Veterinarians make the treatment decisions and farm personnel are responsible for treatment administration. Penicillin is increasingly becoming the first-choice drug for mastitis treatment. The use of critically important antimicrobials is limited in some countries. Monitoring systems for antibiotic use are being introduced in more countries. The exchange of different views can help European countries move towards a common high standard of antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David C. Speksnijder, Nonke E. M. Hopman, Nina E. Kusters, Arjen Timmerman, Jantijn M. Swinkels, Pleun A. A. Penterman, Volker Kromker, Andrew J. Bradley, Nadine Botteldoorn, Ronette Gehring, Aldert L. Zomer
Summary: The potential effects of intramammary application of cephapirin and cefalonium on the selection of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were studied. The results showed no evidence supporting the selection of ESBL-producing E. coli in bovine feces or in manure slurry after intramammary use of commercial cephapirin or cefalonium-containing products.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ellen de Jong, Lien Creytens, Sarne De Vliegher, Kayley D. Mccubbin, Mya Baptiste, Alexander A. Leung, David Speksnijder, Simon Dufour, John R. Middleton, Pamela L. Ruegg, Theo J. G. M. Lam, David F. Kelton, Scott Mcdougall, Sandra M. Godden, Alfonso Lago, Paeivi J. Rajala-Schultz, Karin Orsel, Volker Kroemker, John P. Kastelic, Herman W. Barkema
Summary: In the treatment of clinical mastitis, selective treatment protocols have been found to be noninferior to blanket treatment protocols in terms of bacteriological cure. However, the impacts on clinical cure, new infections, somatic cell count, milk yield, recurrence, and culling are still inconclusive. A systematic review of 13 studies suggests that, except for clinical cure, a selective treatment protocol does not adversely affect other outcome measures. Further research with better randomization is needed to confirm these findings.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Line Svennesen, Alice P. Skarbye, Michael Farre, Laerke B. Astrup, Tariq Halasa, Volker Kromker, Matthew Denwood, Carsten Kirkeby
Summary: Bovine mastitis is a significant issue in dairy farming, impacting welfare and milk production while increasing antibiotic use. This study compared local and systemic treatment with penicillin for clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive bacteria, aiming to reduce antibiotic use. The trial demonstrated that local penicillin treatment was not inferior to the combination treatment in terms of bacteriological cure, suggesting a potential reduction in antimicrobial use without compromising cure rates.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Woudstra, N. Wente, Y. Zhang, S. Leimbach, M. K. Gussmann, C. Kirkeby, V. Kromker
Summary: To effectively prevent and control bovine mastitis, it is important to consider infection pathways and durations. A study was conducted on a commercial dairy herd, collecting quarter foremilk samples from all lactating cows over a period of 18 weeks. Different strains of bacteria were identified, with some causing more infections than others. The median infection durations varied for different pathogens, and contagious transmission was found to be a significant factor in longer-lasting infections.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Isabel Krebs, Yanchao Zhang, Nicole Wente, Stefanie Leimbach, Volker Kroemker
Summary: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis cases of dairy cows. Milk and corresponding blood samples of 77 cases of severe mastitis were bacteriologically examined. Bacteremia occurred in 15.5% of the cases, with the most frequent isolated bacteria being K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. dysgalactiae, and S. uberis. High pathogen shedding and high humidity were associated with the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis.
Article
Microbiology
Sabrina Scheib, Stefanie Leimbach, Georg Avramidis, Martin Bellmann, Julia Nitz, Christian Ochs, Anne Tellen, Nicole Wente, Yanchao Zhang, Wolfgang Vioel, Volker Kromker
Summary: During machine milking, pathogenic microorganisms can spread from cow to cow through liners. In Germany, a spray method is often used for intermediate disinfection of the milking cluster to prevent this. This study aimed to determine the microbial reduction effect of intermediate disinfection through laboratory and field trials.
Article
Microbiology
Svenja Woudstra, Nicole Wente, Yanchao Zhang, Stefanie Leimbach, Carsten Kirkeby, Maya Katrin Gussmann, Volker Kroemker
Summary: In order to design cost-effective prevention strategies for mastitis in dairy cow farms, it is important to understand the pathways through which the causative pathogens infect. This study investigated the sources of bacterial strains causing intramammary infections in one dairy cow herd. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus can be spread between quarters during milking, highlighting the importance of measures to prevent its transmission.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Stephanie Mueller, Julia Nitz, Anne Tellen, Doris Klocke, Volker Kromker
Summary: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluates the true effect of antibiotic dry cow treatment (DCT) on intramammary infection (IMI) cure in dairy cows during the dry period (DP). The study concludes that the DP season and the category of causative pathogens significantly influence the cure rate, while antibiotic DCT only shows significant effects in combination with certain pathogen categories.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jensine Wilm, Volker Kromker, Carsten Kirkeby, Maya Gussmann
Summary: This is a study on lactational treatment of bovine mastitis, using a database-based analysis of electronic health records and somatic cell count data. The study found that the number of treatments for mastitis in dairy cattle has decreased over the past decade, while treatment duration has slightly increased. By considering factors related to individual cows and infection risk, the study explored the relative effect on cytological cure and provided insights for optimizing the use of antibiotics in dairy cattle in the future.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
V. Kromker, N. Rota, C. Locatelli, C. Gusmara, A. Marinoni, D. Molteni, A. Schmenger, R. Echeverri Erk, P. Moroni
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed chlorine dioxide-based teat disinfectant (EX) compared to an established chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant (PC) in preventing new intramammary infections. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of new infections between the cows treated with EX and PC. Additionally, both treatments had similar effects on teat condition. Therefore, it can be concluded that EX is noninferior to PC in terms of preventing new intramammary infections.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Isabel Krebs, Yanchao Zhang, Nicole Wente, Stefanie Leimbach, Volker Kromker
Summary: This study investigated factors associated with the severity of clinical mastitis (CM). The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. High pathogen shedding, low previous somatic cell count (SCC), high outside temperature, and high humidity were associated with severe mastitis.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Philipp Rueben, Martin tho Seeth, Anne Tellen, Volker Kroemker
Summary: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with a high heifer mastitis rate and to determine whether the period before or after calving contains more risk factors. Both pre-partum and post-partum risk factors were identified, with post-partum factors being more significant. This highlights the importance of post-partum management in improving heifer udder health.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
