Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bastian Diaz Saez, Karim Ghorbani
Summary: We explore a class of simplified extensions to the Standard Model, which includes a complex singlet scalar and a vector-like lepton as a mediator, both charged under a new Z3 symmetry. The model, in its simplest form, couples only to right-handed electrons and can accommodate the correct dark matter relic abundance while evading strong constraints from perturbativity, collider, and dark matter searches. Additionally, the model can naturally enhance positron fluxes by several orders of magnitude, leading to a box-shaped spectra. The quantum charge assignments of the new fields offer various phenomenological possibilities.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrea Caputo, Michela Negro, Marco Regis, Marco Taoso
Summary: We study the potential of the NASA MeV mission COSI (Compton Spectrometer and Imager) in the search for dark matter. Our results show that COSI offers a great opportunity to directly detect dark matter in the form of monochromatic gamma-rays from decays or annihilations. We also demonstrate that COSI can contribute to the search for primordial black holes (PBHs) dark matter and improve current bounds on sub-GeV dark matter annihilation/decay and PBH evaporation.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Adam Coogan, Logan Morrison, Stefano Profumo
Summary: This work analyzes the dark matter self-annihilation cross sections into final states containing mesons and the Standard Model dynamical degrees of freedom, and explores the discovery reach of future gamma-ray telescopes.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Adam Coogan, Logan Morrison, Tilman Plehn, Stefano Profumo, Peter Reimitz
Summary: We present a new open-source package, Hazma 2, for computing accurate spectra relevant for indirect dark matter searches. The package calculates photon, neutrino, and positron production, provides example results and observational constraints, and compares with other existing codes.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jaume Zuriaga-Puig, Viviana Gammaldi, Daniele Gaggero, Thomas Lacroix, M. A. Sanchez-Conde
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive study of the gamma-ray flux observed in the Galactic Center using the H.E.S.S. telescope. The aim of the study is to constrain the distribution of dark matter in the region and investigate the possibility of a density enhancement near the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. The results support the hypothesis of an enhanced dark matter density in the Galactic Center and provide guidance for future studies using current and next-generation telescopes.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sulagna Bhattacharya, Basudeb Dasgupta, Ranjan Laha, Anupam Ray
Summary: This study shows that the nondetection of gravitational waves from low-mass black hole mergers can place constraints on the interactions between nonannihilating dark matter particles and nucleons. With LIGO data, benchmark constraints for different types of dark matter have been determined, which will help detect particle dark matter and test its ability to explain the absence of pulsars in the Galactic center.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rakhi Mahbubani, Michele Redi, Andrea Tesi
Summary: The study investigates dark matter bound-state formation and its implications for indirect detection experiments, providing generic formulas for the formation of shallow nuclear bound states on emission of photons, W and Z gauge bosons. It finds that the short-distance nuclear potential often violates factorization, and the bound-state formation of a (weakly-coupled) Minimal DM quintuplet gives rise to indirect-detection signals compatible with current bounds.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jack Runburg, Eric J. Baxter, Jason Kumar
Summary: In the cold dark matter scenario, the gamma-ray probability distribution function (PDF) can provide information about the velocity dependence of the dark matter annihilation. Current and future observations can be used to constrain the microphysics of dark matter annihilation by performing mock data analysis. Additionally, a four-parameter degeneracy between the velocity dependence, minimum subhalo mass, power law index of the subhalo mass function, and normalization of the dark matter signal is pointed out, which can be resolved with priors from N-body simulations or observational constraints.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Javier Reynoso-Cordova, Oleg Burgueno, Alex Geringer-Sameth, Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales, Stefano Profumo, O. Valenzuela
Summary: The observed gamma-ray emission associated with omega-Centauri can be explained by two possible scenarios: emission from millisecond pulsars (MSP) and dark matter (DM) annihilation. By studying the total number of MSPs in the globular cluster and constraining the DM particle mass, upper limits on omega-Centauri's dark matter content were translated into lower limits on the annihilation cross section, taking into account the spatial extension of the DM halo. Further analysis of omega-Centauri's internal kinematics and the resident MSP population will provide stronger constraints and shed light on the mysterious origin of the gamma-ray source.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Arman Esmaili, P. D. Serpico
Summary: By analyzing the Tibet AS(gamma) data in the sub-PeV energy region, important implications for decaying dark matter candidates can be derived. The results suggest that significantly better sensitivity can be achieved by using the arrival distribution of photons than by existing methods.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Thomas Lacroix, Gaetan Facchinetti, Judit Perez-Romero, Martin Stref, Julien Lavalle, David Maurin, Miguel A. Sanchez-Conde
Summary: This study presents the first systematic exploration of velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation in various astrophysical objects, highlighting the significant impact of velocity dependence on dark matter halo substructure and signal angular extension.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Debajit Bose, Tarak Nath Maity, Tirtha Sankar Ray
Summary: By measuring the solar gamma ray flux, we have set stronger limits on the scattering cross section between dark matter and electrons, with these limits ranging from GeV to PeV scale for dark matter masses, which are four to six orders of magnitude stronger than existing limits.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Arcari, E. Pinetti, N. Fornengo
Summary: This paper introduces a method of using the cross-correlation technique to search for dark matter signals by observing information in cosmic voids. It is found that the signal-to-background ratio for decaying dark matter versus astrophysical sources is significantly higher in voids compared to halos, making it easier to detect pure dark matter signals.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Antonio Ambrosone, Marco Chianese, Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Antonio Marinelli, Gennaro Miele
Summary: Starburst galaxies are potential sources of high-energy gamma rays, and their cosmic-ray spectrum distortion can be indirectly observed. Current data provide tight bounds on the cross section between protons and dark matter, while future measurements are expected to significantly improve these limits.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Pooja Bhattacharjee, Debajyoti Choudhury, Kasinath Das, Dilip Kumar Ghosh, Pratik Majumdar
Summary: This paper examines 14 recently discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) and studies the electromagnetic radiation emitted from them across a wide range of frequencies. Upper limits on annihilation cross section in a model independent way are obtained through analysis of Fermi-LAT data on high energy gamma rays and radio fluxes at the GMRT and VLA. The sensitivity of the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope in probing synchrotron radiation from the UFDs is discussed, as well as the dependence of the upper limits on uncertainties in determining various astrophysical parameters.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fernando Arias-Aragon, Francesco D'Eramo, Ricardo Z. Ferreira, Luca Merlo, Alessio Notari
Summary: This study completes the analysis of thermal axion production across the electroweak scale, predicting that the observable effect parameterized as an effective number of additional neutrinos is above the 1 sigma sensitivity of future CMB-S4 surveys. Additionally, future axion helioscopes will provide a complementary probe for the parameter region studied, assuming no large hierarchies among dimensionless axion couplings to standard model particles.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco D'Eramo, Alessandro Lenoci
Summary: In this study, different production mechanisms of FIMPs were considered, including decays and collisions. The FIMP phase space distribution and matter power spectrum were computed to investigate the suppression of cosmological structures, showing lower bounds on the FIMP mass. Additionally, constraints were relaxed in scenarios where FIMPs provide a sub-dominant dark matter component.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Rikab Gambhir, Benjamin Nachman, Jesse Thaler
Summary: This paper presents a machine learning framework for performing frequentist maximum likelihood inference with Gaussian uncertainty estimation, which also quantifies the mutual information between the unobservable and measured quantities. By extracting jet energy corrections and resolution factors from a simulation of the CMS detector, the framework achieves an improvement in jet resolution.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Patrick T. Komiske, Ian Moult, Jesse Thaler, Hua Xing Zhu
Summary: Jets of hadrons produced at high-energy colliders provide experimental access to the dynamics of quarks and gluons and their confinement into hadrons. In this study, the high energies and exceptional resolution of the LHC allowed the direct measurement of multipoint correlation functions of energy flow operators within jets. By reformulating jet substructure in terms of these correlators, new ways of investigating the dynamics of QCD jets were found, enabling the direct imaging of the transition from confinement to free hadrons and precise measurements of quark and gluon properties and interactions. This study demonstrates the untapped potential of high-quality LHC data sets in advancing our understanding of QCD dynamics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Anja Butter, Tilman Plehn, Steffen Schumann, Simon Badger, Sascha Caron, Kyle Cranmer, Francesco Armando Di Bello, Etienne Dreyer, Stefano Forte, Sanmay Ganguly, Dorival Goncalves, Eilam Gross, Theo Heimel, Gudrun Heinrich, Lukas Heinrich, Alexander Held, Stefan Hoche, Jessica N. Howard, Philip Ilten, Joshua Isaacson, Timo Janssen, Stefan Jones, Marumi Kado, Michael Kagan, Gregor Kasieczka, Felix Kling, Sabine Kraml, Claudius Krause, Frank Krauss, Kevin Kroeninger, Rahool Kumar Barman, Michel Luchmann, Vitaly Magerya, Daniel Maitre, Bogdan Malaescu, Fabio Maltoni, Till Martini, Olivier Mattelaer, Benjamin Nachman, Sebastian Pitz, Juan Rojo, Matthew Schwartz, David Shih, Frank Siegert, Roy Stegeman, Bob Stienen, Jesse Thaler, Rob Verheyen, Daniel Whiteson, Ramon Winerhalder, Jure Zupan
Summary: First-principle simulations play a crucial role in high-energy physics research, connecting the data output of multipurpose detectors with fundamental theory predictions. This review demonstrates the various applications of modern machine learning in event generation and simulation-based inference, showing conceptual developments driven by the specific requirements of particle physics. The development of new ideas and tools at the interface of particle physics and machine learning will improve the speed and precision of forward simulations, handle the complexity of collision data, and enhance inference as an inverse simulation problem.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Samuel Alipour-fard, Patrick T. Komiske, Eric M. Metodiev, Jesse Thaler
Summary: This paper introduces a new continuous jet grooming method, Piranha, which overcomes the discontinuity and infrared sensitivity issues of traditional hard-cutoff methods. We explain the principle of Piranha from the perspective of optimal transport and Energy Mover's Distance, and use Apollonius and Voronoi subtraction as examples. We also propose a new tree-based implementation, Recursive Subtraction, to reduce computational costs. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of Recursive Subtraction in mitigating soft distortions and additive contamination.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Andrew J. Larkoski, Jesse Thaler
Summary: By quantifying the distance between collider events, the data analysis can be reframed as computational geometry. One approach is to represent events as energy flow on a celestial sphere and define the metric in terms of optimal transport. In this paper, the authors propose using a spectral function to represent events, which enables a metric distance based on one-dimensional optimal transport. This approach incorporates isometries of the data and allows for first-principles calculations. The authors also speculate on the potential use of the spectral approach in quantum field theories.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rikab Gambhir, Benjamin Nachman, Jesse Thaler
Summary: This paper highlights the issue of prior dependence in machine learning calibration strategies and discusses how both simulation-based and data-based calibrations can inherit properties from the training sample, leading to biases in the results. While the recently proposed Gaussian Ansatz approach can help avoid these issues in simulation-based calibration, achieving prior-independent data-based calibration remains an open problem.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Patrick T. Komiske, Serhii Kryhin, Jesse Thaler
Summary: We studied quark and gluon jets separately using public collider data from the CMS experiment. By employing jet topic modeling, we extracted individual distributions for the maximally separable categories. We determined the fractions of quark jets in each sample by considering different methods for extracting reducibility factors. We also mitigated detector effects using the OMNIFOLD method for central value unfolding.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrea Delgado, Jesse Thaler
Summary: This study benchmarks quantum annealing strategies for jet clustering based on optimizing a quantity called thrust in electron-positron collision events. The results show that quantum annealing performs similarly to exact classical approaches and classical heuristics, after tuning the annealing parameters. Comparable performance can be achieved through a hybrid quantum/classical approach without tuning parameters.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eric R. Anschuetz, Lena Funcke, Patrick T. Komiske, Serhii Kryhin, Jesse Thaler
Summary: This paper introduces a method to enhance the performance of annealing algorithms by using degeneracy engineering, illustrated through the example of l(0)-norm regularization for sparse linear regression. The results show that degeneracy engineering substantially improves the annealing performance, motivating its application to various regularized optimization problems.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Krish Desai, Benjamin Nachman, Jesse Thaler
Summary: This paper provides a rigorous statistical definition of dataset symmetries and proposes SymmetryGAN, a deep learning method based on generative adversarial networks, for automatically discovering symmetries. It also considers procedures to infer the underlying symmetry group from empirical data.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benjamin Nachman, Jesse Thaler
Summary: The paper introduces neural conditional reweighting, which extends neural marginal reweighting to the conditional case. This approach is particularly important in high-energy physics experiments for reweighting detector effects conditioned on particle-level truth information.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco D'Eramo, Nejc Kosnik, Federico Pobbe, Aleks Smolkovic, Olcyr Sumensari
Summary: The study focuses on scenarios with scalar leptoquarks acting as portals between the Standard Model and dark matter, investigating the coupling between dark matter, leptoquarks, and the Higgs boson. The potential Yukawa couplings of the leptoquark to quarks and leptons are considered in addressing anomalies in B meson decays, with a particular emphasis on the interplay between astrophysical, collider, and flavor physics bounds on such models. In the heavy dark matter window, the leptoquark portal emerges as the dominant mechanism to explain dark matter abundance, decoupled from the dark matter phenomenology.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hannah Banks, Matthew McCullough
Summary: Fifth forces arising from hidden sector scalar operator exchange can be described using a general dispersion relation involving a real, positive spectral density function. Previous scalar fifth forces and various experimental observables commonly used in fifth force searches can be derived in this formalism without explicit conventional loop calculations. The speculative possibility of probing hidden sector violations of unitarity, causality, or locality by examining a breakdown of the positivity of the spectral density is also discussed.