期刊
JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
卷 67, 期 11, 页码 1905-1922出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.931946
关键词
1,1 '-Ferrocenyldiacrylonitriles; 1,1 '-Ferrocenedicarboxaldehyde; Solvent-free; Green chemistry; Mechanochemical
资金
- National Research Foundation (NRF)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)
- UKZN College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science
An efficient and simple solvent-free mechanochemical approach for the synthesis of 1,1'-ferrocenyldiacrylonitriles was achieved by grinding together 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxaldehyde (1) and phenylacetonitriles. A range of 1,1'-ferrocenyldiacrylonitriles and ferrocenylacrylonitriles (2-7) were synthesized within short reaction times, with water as the only by-product. In a similar manner, grinding together ferrocenemonocarboxaldehyde (8) and phenylenediacetonitrile yielded phenylene-3,3'-bis-(ferrocenyl) diacrylonitrile (9) and 3-ferrocenyl-2-(acetonitrophenyl) acrylonitrile (10). The yield and selectivity towards formation of ferrocenyldiacrylonitriles was strongly influenced by the electronegativity of the para-substituent on the phenyl ring of phenylacetonitriles. The compounds were characterized using NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopy and HR-MS. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of selected compounds highlighted the role of ligands in tuning the electrochemical properties of 1,1'-ferrocenyldiacrylonitriles. X-ray crystallographic analysis highlighted the effect of the electronegativity of the para-substituent on the conformation of cyclopentadienyl rings attached to a ferrocenyl moiety.
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