Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yared Asmare Aynalem, Hussien Mekonen, Kenean Getaneh, Tadesse Yirga, Ermias Sisay Chanie, Wubet Alebachew Bayih, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Summary: This study conducted a retrospective case-cohort study to identify determinants of preterm neonatal mortality. It found that maternal diabetes mellitus, neonatal sepsis, respiratory distress, extreme prematurity, low Apgar score, and premature rupture of membranes were predictors of neonatal mortality.
Article
Neurosciences
Athan Spiros, Hugo Geerts
Summary: The study utilized a biophysically realistic computer model to investigate the impact of different genotypes on dopamine and serotonin dynamics, as well as drug exposure levels. It found unique gene-gene pharmacodynamic interactions for each antipsychotic, indicating personalized treatment approaches may be necessary. Different genotype combinations also had varying effects on cognitive outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amrita Bakshi, Rajeev Singh, Umesh Rai
Summary: Leptin functions as an anorexigenic hormone in vertebrates, but there are contradictory observations in fishes regarding its levels during fasting and re-feeding. It also modulates metabolic functions in various animals, although further research is needed to fully understand its role in non-mammalian vertebrates.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Matthew O. Moreira, Yan-Fu Qu, John J. Wiens
Summary: The study found that there is no significant difference in body temperature between endothermic and ectothermic animals, but their rates of body temperature evolution and day-night activity patterns differ significantly. Body temperatures in terrestrial vertebrates exhibit strong phylogenetic signal and are often related to day-night activity patterns rather than climate.
Article
Cell Biology
Gaia Faustini, Francesca Longhena, Alessia Musco, Federica Bono, Edoardo Parrella, Luca La Via, Alessandro Barbon, Marina Pizzi, Franco Onofri, Fabio Benfenati, Cristina Missale, Maurizio Memo, Daniela Zizioli, Arianna Bellucci
Summary: This study suggests that polymorphisms in the Synapsin III (Syn III) gene may play a role in the development of ADHD and the response to medication. It was found that Syn III is involved in the early stages of dopaminergic neuron development, and this function is conserved in vertebrates. Additionally, in mammals, Syn III regulates dendrite development stimulated by BDNF and Cdk5.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salvatore Blair, Xiuju Li, Debajyoti Dutta, Danuta Chamot, Larry Fliegel, Greg Goss
Summary: This study cloned, expressed, and pharmacologically characterized fish-specific Na+/H+ exchangers of Oncorhynchus mykiss, revealing their unique inhibitory profiles different from mammalian NHEs and resistance to inhibition. The research sheds light on the mechanisms of these ion transporters in osmotic regulation and provides a more direct interpretation of fish-specific sodium transport studies without relying heavily on mammalian NHE data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Yanyan Ding, Wen Wang, Dongyuan Ma, Guixian Liang, Zhixin Kang, Yuanyuan Xue, Yifan Zhang, Lu Wang, Jian Heng, Yong Zhang, Feng Liu
Summary: The study examined the chromatin accessibility and transcriptional features of zebrafish nascent and fetal HSPCs, revealing dynamic changes during HSPC transition. The role of chromatin remodeler-mediated epigenetic programming, particularly Smarca5, in fetal HSPC development was highlighted. This research provides new insights into the generation of functional HSPCs both in vivo and in vitro.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matheus Camargos de Britto Rosa, Paula Reis Ribeiro, Viviam de Oliveira Silva, Danubia Aparecida de Carvalho Selvati-Rezende, Tacio Peres da Silva, Fernanda Rezende Souza, Maria das Gracas Cardoso, Josilene Nascimento Seixas, Eric Francelino Andrade, Vanessa Pardi, Ramiro Mendonca Murata, Luciano Jose Pereira
Summary: In obese rats, ingestion of candlenut resulted in decreased levels of blood glucose and lipoproteins, reduced body fat, but also increased the risk of liver damage.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azmeraw T. Amare, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Janice M. Fullerton, Muktar Ahmed, Simon Hartmann, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Franziska Degenhardt, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Liping Hou, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Tatyana Shekhtman, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Barbara Arias, Jean-Michel Aubry, Roland Hasler, Helene Richard-Lepouriel, Nader Perroud, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Cynthia Marie-Claire, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi-Chung Chen, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno etain, Stephane Jamain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark A. Frye, Sebastien Gard, Julie S. Garnham, Fernando S. Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Sophia Stegmaier, Thomas Ethofer, Silvia Biere, Kristiyana Petrova, Ceylan Schuster, Kristina Adorjan, Monika Budde, Maria Heilbronner, Janos L. Kalman, Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Sabrina K. Schaupp, Eva C. Schulte, Fanny Senner, Thomas Vogl, Ion-George Anghelescu, Volker Arolt, Udo Dannlowski, Detlef Dietrich, Christian Figge, Markus Jaeger, Fabian U. Lang, Georg Juckel, Carsten Konrad, Jens Reimer, Max Schmauss, Andrea Schmitt, Carsten Spitzer, Martin von Hagen, Jens Wiltfang, Joerg Zimmermann, Till F. M. Andlauer, Andre Fischer, Felix Bermpohl, Philipp Ritter, Silke Matura, Anna Gryaznova, Irina Falkenberg, Cueneyt Yildiz, Tilo Kircher, Julia Schmidt, Marius Koch, Kathrin Gade, Sarah Trost, Ida S. Haussleiter, Martin Lambert, Anja C. Rohenkohl, Vivien Kraft, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Esther Jimenez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Barbara Koenig, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landen, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan G. Leckband, Alfonso Tortorella, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Vincent Millischer, Marina Mitjans, Francis M. Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Noethen, Tomas Novak, Claire O'Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Andrea Pfennig, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy A. Rouleau, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara W. Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Paul D. Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire M. Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Mario Maj, Gustavo Turecki, Eduard Vieta, Julia Veeh, Stephanie H. Witt, Adam Wright, Peter P. Zandi, Philip B. Mitchell, Michael Bauer, Martin Alda, Marcella Rietschel, Francis J. McMahon, Thomas G. Schulze, Scott R. Clark, Bernhard T. Baune
Summary: A polygenic score (Li-PGS(+)) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder patients was developed in this study. Li-PGS(+) was found to be positively associated with lithium treatment response. Gene-based analysis also identified 36 candidate genes related to lithium's molecular mechanism.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Entomology
Luca Finetti, Thomas Roeder, Girolamo Calo, Giovanni Bernacchia
Summary: This review comprehensively describes the molecular, structural characteristics, and functions of type 1 tyramine receptors (TAR1s) in insects, with a special focus on the important roles of TAR1 in physiology, behavior, and pharmacology. In addition, it explores the design of insecticides based on TAR1 and the development of pest management strategies for insect control.
Article
Biology
Betzi Perez-Ortega, Andrew P. Hendry
Summary: Free-ranging wild vertebrates need to deal with stressors that affect their behavior and physiology, and glucocorticoid hormones are commonly used as biomarkers to measure their stress responses in areas with high human disturbance. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the impact of human disturbances on baseline glucocorticoid hormones in wild vertebrates and found that living in unprotected areas or areas with habitat conversion increased hormone levels compared to living in protected or undisturbed areas. Ecotourism and habitat degradation did not consistently increase hormone levels. Mammals were more sensitive to human disturbance than birds.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amita Joshi, Saroja Ramanujan, Jin Y. Jin
Summary: Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models are crucial in pharmaceutical and clinical research, combining mechanistic models of physiology with pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics to predict systems-level effects. Integrating QSP and pharmacometrics models can be achieved through parallel synchronization, cross-informative use, and sequential integration, but it requires new tools, methods, and diverse modeling expertise for true convergence.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Developmental Biology
Michael Donadon, Massimo M. Santoro
Summary: The article primarily describes the developmental origin of smooth muscle cells in different organs, as well as their specification and differentiation in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and intestinal systems. It discusses the important roles of smooth muscle in organ development and how they instruct the development of other organs through signaling and mechanical feedback mechanisms. By understanding smooth muscle cell development, the aim is to advance therapeutic approaches related to tissue regeneration and other smooth muscle-related diseases.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Catarina V. Jota Baptista, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Paula A. Oliveira
Summary: Summary: Out of 222 Nobel Prize of Physiology or Medicine (NPPM) awarded projects, 144 used mammalian models, with rodents being the most commonly used group of species. Additionally, 92 researchers included domestic species in their work. The criteria for choosing species, number of animals used, and experimental protocol are debatable and dependent on the scientific area, but the 3R's principle applies to most fields. Despite the species, animal models can be classified based on ecology, genetics, and mode of action.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Belinda E. Hetzler, Prashant Donthamsetti, Zisis Peitsinis, Cherise Stanley, Dirk Trauner, Ehud Y. Isacoff
Summary: Dopamine D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R, and D4R) play important roles in controlling various physiological and behavioral functions and are targeted for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Researchers have developed a new toolkit of light-activatable chemical photoswitches that can fully activate, partially activate, or block D2-like receptors. This technology combines the spatiotemporal precision of a photoswitchable ligand with the cell type and spatial specificity of a genetically encoded membrane anchoring protein. These tools enable precise targeting of endogenous D2-like receptor signaling using only one wavelength of light.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kent L. Thornburg, Natasha N. Chattergoon
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kent L. Thornburg, Rachel Drake, Amy M. Valent
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonnet S. Jonker, George D. Giraud, Eileen Chang, Miriam R. Elman, Samantha Louey
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jane Stremming, Sara Heard, Alicia White, Eileen Chang, Steven C. Shaw, Stephanie R. Wesolowski, Sonnet S. Jonker, Paul J. Rozance, Laura D. Brown
Summary: The study found that after a 1-week infusion of LR3 IGF-1 in late gestation fetal sheep, there was an increase in the weight of some fetal organs but lower umbilical amino acid uptake rates and fetal plasma amino acid concentrations in the treatment group. It was speculated that animals treated with LR3 IGF-1 could efficiently utilize available nutrients to support organ growth.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alicia White, Jane Stremming, Brit H. Boehmer, Eileen I. Chang, Sonnet S. Jonker, Stephanie R. Wesolowski, Laura D. Brown, Paul. J. Rozance
Summary: After a 1-week infusion of IGF-1 LR3, late gestation fetal sheep showed lower plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, reduced fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and decreased fractional insulin secretion from isolated fetal islets without changes in pancreatic insulin content.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Sonnet S. Jonker, Cirila Estela Vasquez Guzman, Belinda H. McCully
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Paul J. Rozance, Stephanie R. Wesolowski, Sonnet S. Jonker, Laura D. Brown
Summary: Fetal anemic hypoxemia was found to reduce muscle growth, leading to decreased muscle weight and fiber area, as well as reduced myoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, overall protein kinetic rates did not differ significantly between anemic and control fetuses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel R. Drake, Samantha Louey, Kent L. Thornburg
Summary: In a sheep model of intrauterine growth restriction, impaired cardiac fatty acid metabolism was observed, leading to compromised lipid processing. Key genes regulating fatty acid metabolism were suppressed in IUGR myocardium, while protein levels remained unchanged, suggesting adaptive protection of myocardial enzymes under conditions of placental insufficiency.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
James M. Roberts, Dominik Heider, Lina Bergman, Kent L. Thornburg
Summary: Understanding, predicting, and preventing pregnancy disorders has been a challenging task with limited progress. The failure is attributed to narrow research training, lack of imagination and innovation, and limitation in research approaches. To overcome these barriers, it is suggested to adopt novel approaches, assess pregnancy longitudinally, redefine pregnancy disorders by pathophysiology, and utilize state-of-the-art experimental and analytical techniques.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kent L. Thornburg
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Matthew W. Hagen, Samantha Louey, Sarah M. Alaniz, Todd Belcik, Matthew M. Muller, Laura Brown, Jonathan R. Lindner, Sonnet S. Jonker
Summary: The perfusion of striated muscle is significantly reduced in neonates compared to late term fetuses, possibly due to faster growth of myofibres than their associated capillary networks.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Matthew W. W. Hagen, Samantha Louey, Sarah M. M. Alaniz, Laura Brown, Jonathan R. R. Lindner, Sonnet S. S. Jonker
Summary: This study investigated coronary artery function and myocardial perfusion in late gestation and early postnatal lambs. The findings showed that neonatal lambs had lower myocardial perfusion and oxygen delivery compared to fetal lambs, despite having a higher heart-to-body weight ratio. This suggests that during the immediate perinatal period, cardiac growth outpaces coronary microvascular growth, resulting in lower microvascular perfusion capacity in early neonates.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ornella Manfra, Samantha Louey, Sonnet S. Jonker, Harmonie Perdreau-Dahl, Michael Frisk, George D. Giraud, Kent L. Thornburg, William E. Louch
Summary: During fetal development in sheep, increasing fetal systolic load and blood pressure promotes t-tubule growth, as well as the assembly of L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. This process is regulated by the expression of crucial proteins such as junctophilin-2 and BIN1.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Natasha Chattergoon, Samantha Louey, Sonnet S. Jonker, Kent L. Thornburg
Summary: Cardiac metabolic substrate preference shifts at parturition from carbohydrates to fatty acids. Thyroid hormone and palmitic acid can stimulate fetal cardiomyocyte oxidative metabolism capacity, but prolonged exposure to palmitic acid may impair their oxidative capacity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
