Article
Optics
Jiao Bai, Jingwen Li, Xiaohao Wang, Qian Zhou, Kai Ni, Xinghui Li
Summary: This article introduces a modified chromatic confocal sensor for measuring the spectral reflectance of nontransparent surfaces or transparent thin films. By utilizing the Fresnel formula and a self-reference method, accurate measurements of reflectance and film thickness can be obtained, with high repeatability and accuracy.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Arianna Berto, Pascal Lavieille, Marco Azzolin, Stefano Bortolin, Marc Miscevic, Davide Del Col
Summary: This study investigated the liquid film thickness and heat transfer coefficients during annular flow condensation in a small diameter channel, using specialized measurement techniques and algorithms to analyze the wave structures of the liquid film. The experimental results contribute to a better understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms involved in phase change processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sicheng Jiao, Shixiang Wang, Minge Gao, Min Xu
Summary: This paper presents a non-contact method of thickness measurement for thin-walled rotary shell parts based on a chromatic confocal sensor. The method involves using a flip method to obtain surface profiles from both sides of the workpiece, measuring the decentration and tilt errors of the workpiece using a centering system, establishing a unified reference coordinate system, reconstructing the external and internal surface profiles, and calculating the thickness. Experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the thickness of a sapphire spherical shell workpiece and is consistent with measurements of other materials.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fang Cheng, Tao Chen, Qing Yu, Changcai Cui, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Hang Su
Summary: This paper proposes a 3D surface scanning system for the inspection of sapphire substrates, addressing challenges such as motion error, double-sided measurement, and lateral positioning error. The system achieves high precision measurement through the development of key technologies.
PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jilin Lei, Jianwei Li, Yi Liu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the specific drop splashing and film spreading process on ultracold surfaces. It is found that the splashing process becomes more severe at -30 degrees C, accompanied by the production of more and faster secondary droplets. The film spreading process does not differ significantly in the early spreading phase. An improved dimensionless spreading factor is proposed to describe the spreading dynamics. In the later spreading phase, the liquid film spreads faster on warmer surfaces and retracts slightly, while on cold surfaces, it continues stretching for a longer time.
Article
Optics
Hyo Mi Park, Uihyeok Kwon, Ki-Nam Joo
Summary: In this study, a vision chromatic confocal sensor was proposed and experimentally verified for monitoring the location of a measured point. By utilizing a geometrical phase lens to induce chromatic aberration, the system demonstrated good performance in distance sensing and monitoring of measured points. The measuring range was approximately 10 mm with a repeatability of 0.4 µm when a 75 mm focal length geometrical phase lens was used.
Article
Optics
Qing Yu, Chong Wang, Yali Zhang, Shengming Hu, Ting Liu, Fang Cheng, Yin Wang, Tianliang Lin, Lin Xi
Summary: In this paper, an error correction method for thickness measurement of transparent samples is proposed. By analyzing and simulating the error correction model, the requirement of measurement at different axial positions is achieved.
Article
Optics
Qing Yu, Yali Zhang, Wenjian Shang, Shengchao Dong, Chong Wang, Yin Wang, Ting Liu, Fang Cheng
Summary: Chromatic confocal microscopy is a widely used method for measuring the thickness of transparent specimens. A special chromatic confocal measuring system has been developed based on inclined illumination and biaxial optical scheme, improving signal-to-noise ratio, flexibility, and efficiency. Experimental results show that the system's repeatability is better than 0.54 μm, with axial measurement accuracy reaching the micron level.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nicolas Jourdan, Mohamed Kanniche, Thibaut Neveux, Olivier Potier
Summary: This study aims to develop representative tools to understand and characterize liquid/air flow inside industrial cooling tower packings. The experiments visualize the falling water film along the packing sheets and specific methods have been developed to measure main flow parameters.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
A. Zakrzewski, P. Jurewicz, P. Koruba, M. Cwikla, J. Reiner
Summary: This paper presents the experimental characterization of an optical system integrating a chromatic confocal displacement sensor with an optical laser head. The system achieved a working distance of 250 mm, a large measuring range of 10 mm, and high accuracy of +/- 0.11% of the measuring range. The system's functionality was verified through comparative measurements with a laser profiler.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Christian Haider, Martin E. Fuerst, Matthias Laimer, Ernst Csencsics, Georg Schitter
Summary: This article presents a strategy to overcome the tradeoff between the thickness measuring range and lateral imaging resolution of a confocal chromatic sensor (CCS) by combining it with a linear stage. The proposed mechatronic approach successfully extends the measuring range by a factor of 17 while preserving the lateral resolution for thickness measurements. The proposed measurement scheme is validated by measuring lateral surface features on a 1.2-mm-thick lenslet array from the backside.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Chunmin Liu, Guoyi Lu, Chunyang Liu, Dong Li
Summary: Based on the high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, and good stability, we propose an integrated compact chromatic confocal sensing system that overcomes device-integrating constraints in industrial environments. We introduce a spectral characteristic compensation algorithm and a peak wavelength extraction method based on Gaussian curve fitting to accurately extract the peak wavelength. A segmented curve calibration algorithm is then applied to achieve accurate mapping between peak wavelength and position. Additionally, a simple thickness measurement model and calibration procedure that do not require previous parameters are proposed for transparent objects. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed sensing system, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 μm for displacement measurement and less than 1 μm for thickness measurement.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Anandteerth Muddapur, Srikrishna Sahu, Jubin Jose, T. Sundararajan
Summary: The post wall-impingement characteristics of pulsatile and split injection sprays in multi-hole Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) were investigated using experimental and numerical simulations. The split injection showed smaller radial and vertical spread of the spray plume compared to single injection, with ambient gas density and temperature having a stronger influence on spray and wall film characteristics than wall temperature. However, the evolution trends of the wall film mass, thickness, and temperature were similar for both single and split injection cases under different operating conditions.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
D. Zaitsev, D. Kochkin, O. Kabov
Summary: The rupture dynamics of a horizontally heated liquid film from below were experimentally studied across a wide range of liquid viscosities. The deformations and disruption of the film were visualized using an optical schlieren system, and the local film thickness was measured using a chromatic confocal sensor. The process of film rupture was found to have three stages, and the residual film thickness strongly depended on the liquid viscosity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Optics
Chunyan Li, Gengpeng Li, Jihong Liu, Dou Luo, Jiayi Liu
Summary: The research focuses on measuring the thickness of a radial gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens using chromatic confocal technology, and finds that eccentricity and tilt of the lens result in increased measurement errors.
OPTICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Malki Maliha, Bastian Stumpf, Felix Beyer, Marius Kuehnert, Heiko Kubach, Ilia Roisman, Jeanette Hussong, Thomas Koch
Summary: This work conducts highly resolved optical investigations on the fuel-oil-film-interaction to characterize secondary droplets in direct injected engines. The results suggest that the detachment of secondary droplets caused by fuel injection in direct injected engines may affect pre-ignition events.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
M. Gloerfeld, M. Schremb, I. V. Roisman, J. Hussong, C. Tropea
Summary: The initial stage of solidification of a free supercooled water drop involves the formation of dendritic structures surrounded by liquid water. However, the impact dynamics and material properties of these partially frozen water drops have not been thoroughly studied. This study examines the kinematics of spreading and the geometry of the residual splat during the impact of dendritically frozen water drops. A theoretical model is then used to simulate the impact process, assuming plastic flow in the mushy drop. The model provides insights into the fluid flow near the impact axis and allows estimation of the apparent yield strength of the solid-liquid mixture for different initial temperatures.
COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Shubham Sharma, Saini Jatin Rao, Navin Kumar Chandra, Aloke Kumar, Saptarshi Basu, Cameron Tropea
Summary: The two-sensor depth from defocus technique is developed to achieve higher spatial and temporal resolution, improve estimates of spatial size distribution and number concentration, and provide guidelines for the calibration and design of optical systems. The technique and improvements are demonstrated in the case of secondary atomization with a shock wave and a single drop, where high-resolution number density and size distributions of secondary droplets are necessary.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Henrik Sontheimer, Alireza Gholijani, Peter Stephan, Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman
Summary: This study investigates the hydrodynamics and heat transport during the vertical coalescence of multiple drops impacting successively onto a hot wall using numerical simulations and experiments. The numerical model considers evaporation and uses the volume of fluid method within the OpenFOAM library. Experimental data is compared with numerical results for low impact frequency case, and the appearance of high heat flux rings during the impingement of the second drop is analyzed. The impact of a drop chain consisting of five drops at a high frequency is also studied numerically.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marija Gajevic Joksimovic, Jeanette Hussong, Cameron Tropea, Ilia V. V. Roisman
Summary: Spray cooling is a method used in various industrial processes and for cooling of electrical devices. The process is influenced by hydrodynamic and thermodynamic processes, and becomes more challenging when dealing with multicomponent liquids. In this study, the impact of spray onto a heated substrate was visualized and the heat transfer was characterized. The presence of a small concentration of lubricant significantly increased the heat flux and shifted the Leidenfrost point.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ilia Roisman, Mohammad Abboud, Philipp Brockmann, Fiona Berner, Ruediger Berger, Pauline Rothmann-Brumm, Hans Martin Sauer, Edgar Doersam, Jeanette Hussong
Summary: This study briefly reviews the flows accompanying the formation of liquid bridges, including the lifting of a Hele-Shaw cell, the stretching or shearing of a liquid bridge, and the liquid bridge flows observed during printing processes. Instabilities of liquid bridges lead to the formation of finger-like structures on the substrate or the appearance of cavities at the wetted region of the wall.
CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kilian Koebschall, Benjamin Traut, V. Ilia Roisman, Cameron Tropea, Jeanette Hussong
Summary: This study presents an experimental setup and a theoretical model for studying snowflake melting. The experimental results agree well with the model predictions, and an accurate value of the particle mass fractal dimension is required for accurately estimating the melting duration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Niklas Apell, Cameron Tropea, Ilia V. Roisman, Jeanette Hussong
Summary: With the increasing economic importance of metal additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion, the demand for high-quality metal powders is also rising. However, the physics involved in supersonic close-coupled gas atomization, which is often used for producing these powders, are not well understood due to scarce experimental data, resulting in a lack of reliable predictive modeling capabilities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nikolai Kubochkin, Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman
Summary: In this paper, the statics and dynamics of nanoscale droplets on elastic, infinitely thick surfaces were studied using the disjoining pressure concept. It was found that the wetting ridge evolves in a non-monotonic way in terms of its maximal height and solid angle over time.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yasir A. Malik, Kilian Koebschall, Stephan Bansmer, Cameron Tropea, Jeanette Hussong, Philippe Villedieu
Summary: Ice crystal icing is a significant hazard in aviation, and accurate modeling of sticking efficiency is essential. In this study, icing wind tunnel experiments were conducted to quantify the volumetric liquid water fraction, sticking efficiency, and maximum thickness of ice layers. Two measurement techniques, calorimetry and capacitive measurements, were used to measure the liquid water content and distribution in the ice layers. The experiments showed that increasing wet bulb temperatures and substrate heat flux significantly increased sticking efficiency and maximum ice layer thickness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
L. M. Reitter, Y. A. Malik, A. B. Jahn, I. V. Roisman, J. Hussong
Summary: This study characterizes the dynamic strength of wet granular ice layers through impact tests. The results reveal strong connections between ice particles in ice layers generated by ice crystal accretion. Comparable strength values can be obtained by reinforcing ice particle connections in ice layers prepared in the laboratory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
J. B. Schmidt, F. Tenzer, C. Tropea, J. Hussong, I. V. Roisman
Summary: Spray cooling is a technology that provides uniform and intense cooling for surfaces with complex geometry. It can be used in a wide range of surface temperatures for various applications. The performance of spray cooling depends on factors such as surface temperature, spray parameters, and the thermal properties of the liquid and substrate. This study focuses on the transitional boiling regime, which is the least studied due to its complexity. A model is developed to predict the heat flux during spray cooling in this regime and shows good agreement with experimental results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Panpan Zhang, Xu Wang, Yangyang Yang, Haifeng Yang, Chunsheng Lu, Mingru Su, Yu Zhou, Aichun Dou, Xiaowei Li, Xiaochuan Hou, Yunjian Liu
Summary: In this study, the influence of transition metal doping on the electronic and mechanical properties and electrochemical performance of 2HMoS2/NC was investigated using Cobalt (Co) as an example. Co doping was found to effectively improve the electronic conductivity and active site areas of 2H-MoS2/NC at different positions, optimizing the adsorption and diffusion capability of potassium ions. Furthermore, the study revealed the optimal roles of different types of nitrogen atoms in kinetic adsorption, diffusion, and interfacial stability of potassium ions. These findings provide guidance for the experimental design of high rate 2H-MoS2/NC electrode materials and the optimal design of other functional composite materials.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zeeshan Ajmal, Mahmood Ul Haq, Shahid Zaman, M. K. Al-Muhanna, Anuj Kumar, Mohammed M. Fadhali, Siwar Ben Hadj Hassine, Muhammas Qasim, K. F. Alshammari, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf, Abdul Qadeer, Adil Murtaza, Sulaiman Al-Sulaimi, Huaqiang Zeng
Summary: This study presents a novel heterojunction structure (SrTiO3/CN-TAL10.0) for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting (PWS). The incorporation of thiophenedicarboxaldehyde (TAL) through copolymerization significantly improves the photocatalytic activity of carbon nitride (CN) while maintaining its photostability performance. The optimized composition allows efficient isolation of photoinduced charge carriers and enhanced charge transport, resulting in a remarkable increase in overall photocatalytic efficiency.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Angela Arnosa-Prieto, Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez, Manuel A. Gonzalez-Gomez, Pelayo Garcia-Acevedo, Lisandra de Castro-Alves, Yolanda Pineiro, Jose Rivas
Summary: Macrophages can exhibit different phenotypes depending on the microenvironment and the characteristics of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs). This study demonstrates that the concentration and morphology of MNPs can influence the polarization of macrophages. The findings have implications for therapeutics targeting tissue regeneration and tumor progression.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu Fang, Cheng-Ye Zhu, Hao-Cheng Yang, Chao Zhang, Zhi-Kang Xu
Summary: This study demonstrates the advantages of vacuum-assisted interfacial polymerization (VAIP) in fabricating polyimide nanofiltration membranes. By using vacuum filtration, aqueous solutions of PIP can be evenly distributed on different microfiltration substrates, leading to the fabrication of uniform and ultra-thin polyamide layers with excellent performance. The membranes exhibit high rejection rates and water permeance, as well as satisfactory long-term stability.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Isaac J. Gresham, Edwin C. Johnson, Hayden Robertson, Joshua D. Willott, Grant B. Webber, Erica J. Wanless, Andrew R. J. Nelson, Stuart W. Prescott
Summary: Understanding the interactions between polymers and surfactants is crucial for optimizing commercial systems. This study tested the behavior of polymer-surfactant systems, revealing that they do not behave like polyelectrolytes in the presence of salt. Additionally, the structure of polymer-surfactant complexes under confinement differs from that of polyelectrolytes.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yunxiao Xie, Cui Liu, Jie Zhang, Yan Li, Bin Li, Shilin Liu
Summary: This study aimed to improve the microstructure and rheological properties of W/W Pickering emulsions by crosslinking sodium alginate at the water-water interface, thereby enhancing the activity of encapsulated probiotics in simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sang Ho Lee, Yige Sun, Patrick S. Grant
Summary: This research developed an effective approach to enhance the charging rates of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) by strategically incorporating carbon nanotube (CNT) conductivity boosters into Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) electrodes. Multi-layer architectures comprising CNT-rich and CNT-free LTO electrode layers were manufactured using a layer-by-layer spray coating method to promote charge transfer kinetics of high mass loading electrodes. The best performing multi-layer was paired with a spray-coated LiFePO4 (LFP) positive electrode, resulting in attractive power performance that outperformed conventional LTO || LFP combinations.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jingwei Liang, Shaobin Li, Fengbo Li, Li Zhang, Yufeng Jiang, Huiyuan Ma, Kun Cheng, Liang Qing
Summary: A molybdenum-regulated self-supporting electrode material with rich vacancy defects has been successfully synthesized and shows exceptional catalytic activities and stability for electrocatalytic overall water splitting. This study provides a new perspective for the design and synthesis of non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jonas Blahnik, Jennifer Schuster, Rainer Mueller, Eva Mueller, Werner Kunz
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the morphology of PMMA monopolymers and PMMA-PHEMA copolymers with the expected nature of surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) before polymerization. It is found that previously mesostructured, surfactant-free mixtures can produce porous polymers of different morphologies, while unstructured, oil-rich regions lead to solid, transparent polymers without nanostructured morphologies. Additionally, a surfactant-based reference system shows similar phase behavior and polymer morphologies as the comparable surfactant-free system, indicating the importance of the hydrotropic behavior of HEMA in this system.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zheng-Fen Pu, Wen-Zhi She, Rong Sheng Li, Qiu-Lin Wen, Bi-Chao Wu, Chun-Hua Li, Jian Ling, Qiue Cao
Summary: This study synthesized two framework-isomeric covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and discovered that the light scattering signal of COFs can be used for the analytical detection of lead ions. By controlling synthesis conditions and introducing regulators, the morphology of COFs could be controlled and framework-isomeric COFs could be precisely synthesized.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuchen Weng, Ying Hong, Jingyu Deng, Sicheng Cao, Li-Juan Fan
Summary: This paper reports the preparation of dynamic color-changing fluorescent polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) by constructing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair. The PNPs show excellent anti-counterfeiting effects and reproducibility. The study demonstrates a promising encryption strategy that can achieve multiple outputs with simple operation.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guodong Liu, Zijian Wang, Jianing Wang, Hanbin Liu, Zhijian Li
Summary: This study investigates the combination of multicolor switchable polyaniline (PANI) electrode and 1-methyl-4,4'-bipyridyl iodide (MBI), which demonstrates superior optical properties in visible and near-infrared light modulation, as well as excellent electrochemical performances. This combination can be used to develop novel electrochromic devices for applications in smart packaging, smart labels, and flexible smart windows.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huying Yan, Yang Guo, Xingzhi Bai, Jiawei Qi, Haipeng Lu
Summary: By modifying Ti3C2Tx through heterogeneous interface engineering, optimized impedance matching is achieved, leading to enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kehu Zhang, Yang Zhou, Silvia Moreno, Simona Schwarz, Susanne Boye, Brigitte Voit, Dietmar Appelhans
Summary: This article presents an advanced crosslinking strategy to fabricate clustered polymersomes using host-guest interactions. By controlling the input of crosslinker and environmental conditions, reversible aggregation and disassembly of these polymersomes can be achieved. The size and structure of these clustered polymersomes can be regulated and visualized through a fluorescent enzymatic cascade reaction.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junjie Xu, Weixiong Huang, Ruiling Li, Li Li, Jinjin Ma, Jiaou Qi, Haiyan Ma, Min Ruan, Lilin Lu
Summary: In this study, a potassium doped palladium catalyst was developed for acetylene hydrogenation, showing excellent catalytic performance and durability. The doping of potassium effectively weakened the adsorption of ethylene, improved ethylene selectivity, and lowered the barriers of hydrogen activation and transfer reactions.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
