Article
Surgery
Xiankai Chen, Peiyu Wang, Changsen Leng, Haibo Sun, Xianben Liu, Ruixiang Zhang, Jianjun Qin, Xionghuai Hua, Yongkui Yu, Haomiao Li, Jun Zhang, Zhao Wu, Yin Li
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of early oral feeding on brain-gut peptide secretion and gut function recovery after esophagectomy. The results showed that the early oral feeding group had higher serum concentrations of excitatory brain-gut peptides and lower concentrations of inhibitory brain-gut peptides, which were correlated with early postoperative flatus and defecation. Multivariate analysis revealed that early oral feeding was an independent predictive factor for early flatus and defecation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Siamak Beheshti, Hadi Dehestani
Summary: Ghrelin, a peptide primarily secreted from the stomach, has been shown to have a positive impact on memory formation. However, studies have not measured the expression levels of ghrelin or its receptors in the brain during memory formation. This study found that in fear memory formation, mRNA levels of ghrelin significantly increased 24 hours post-training while its receptors were down-regulated; in spatial memory consolidation, ghrelin expression levels remained unchanged but its receptors showed a significant increase 24 hours post-training.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Susanna Bianzano, Andrea Henrich, Lena Herich, Brigitte Kalsch, Donald Sarubbi, Friedeborg Seitz, Thomas Forst
Summary: Two Phase I studies showed that BI 1356225, a GOAT inhibitor, was well-tolerated in healthy males and subjects with overweight/obesity. However, treatment with BI 1356225 for 28 days did not lead to significant reduction in bodyweight or changes in appetite, eating control, or energy intake.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Elena Layunta, Raquel Forcen, Laura Grasa
Summary: The study found that TLR2 and TLR4 play a role in modulating the motor responses to ACh in the mouse ileum. TLR2 primarily acts on muscarinic M2 and M3, and nicotinic alpha 3 beta 4 ACh receptors, while TLR4 primarily acts on muscarinic M3, and nicotinic alpha 3 beta 4 and alpha 7 ACh receptors.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
C. Miguel Barriuso Gutierrez, Christian Vanhille-Campos, Francisco Alarcon, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, Ricardo Brito, Chantal Valeriani
Summary: Active matter involves systems where particles consume energy to move, with the aggregation process depending on the interplay between particle interactions and activity levels. Differences between attractive and non-attractive particles in terms of aggregation behavior become evident as attractive interactions introduce a high dependence on the dynamics of the system.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Junlong Ma, Jie Huang, Chan Zou, Qian Wu, Jinlian Xie, Xingfei Zhang, Xiaoyan Yang, Shuang Yang, Ziteng Wu, Yan Jiang, Sen Yu, Xuqing Zhang, Guoping Yang, Mingyuan Li
Summary: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of QP001 in Chinese healthy subjects. The results showed that QP001 was well tolerated and safe, with linear pharmacokinetic properties and relatively high bioavailability. Therefore, QP001 is a promising once-daily intravenous COX-2 inhibitor candidate for managing pain.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Blake O. Langley, Jennifer Joan Ryan, Douglas Hanes, John Phipps, Emily Stack, Thomas O. Metz, J. Frederik Stevens, Ryan Bradley
Summary: A study found that 24 mg daily xanthohumol was safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults over an eight-week period, with no significant adverse reactions. There were no clinically relevant differences in physiological parameters and quality of life between the two groups during the trial.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christian E. Edvardsson, Jesper Vestlund, Elisabet Jerlhag
Summary: This study demonstrates that the ghrelin receptor antagonist, JMV2959, can block the increase in dopamine release in the VTA and NAc shell induced by central ghrelin, as well as reduce alcohol- and amphetamine-induced dopamine release in these areas. Additionally, the ghrelin-induced dopamine release in the VTA is correlated with locomotor stimulation in mice.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Mahmood Kalemati, Saeid Darvishi, Somayyeh Koohi
Summary: A capsule neural network-based method is developed to accurately predict peptide-MHC I binding by efficiently capturing the features of the peptide-MHC complex. Various evaluations confirmed the superior performance of the method in terms of prediction accuracy and availability of data. Furthermore, by exploring the essential features, precise insights into the results are provided. Simulation results consistency with experimental studies supports the conclusion that this method can be utilized for accurate, rapid, and interpretable peptide-MHC binding prediction to assist biological therapies.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam S. Khelifa, Louise J. Skov, Birgitte Holst
Summary: Anorexia Nervosa is a complex disease that affects metabolic, mental, and physiological health, with connections to the orexigenic gut hormone ghrelin and the dopaminergic system. Targeting the ghrelin receptor for treatment shows promise, but further translational studies are needed, especially considering the interaction with the dopaminergic system.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhu Luo, Chao Hu, Yuanyuan Pan, Jia Miao, Ying Wang, Li Ding, Maozhi Liang
Summary: BCQB delivered via pMDI was well tolerated with favorable cardiovascular safety. The pharmacokinetic study suggested that sex did not affect BCQB metabolism, and dose adjustments based on sex are not anticipated in clinical use. The results support further clinical development in COPD patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Harsha Suresh, Jerry Zhou, Vincent Ho
Summary: Gastroparesis, a motility disorder predominantly affecting females with diabetes, is currently managed with strict dietary restrictions and minimal dietary fiber intake. A pilot clinical study comparing different fibers in symptomatic gastroparesis patients showed that some fibers were tolerable, regulated blood glucose levels comparable to traditional options, and caused fewer symptoms. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the long-term effects.
Article
Oncology
Lisa Zimmer, Elisabeth Livingstone, Angela Krackhardt, Erwin S. Schultz, Daniela Goppner, Chalid Assaf, Dietrich Trebing, Kai Stelter, Christine Windemuth-Kieselbach, Selma Ugurel, Dirk Schadendorf
Summary: The study presented phase I safety results of triplet therapy with PEM, ENC, and BIN in patients with advanced, BRAF(V600)-mutated melanoma, showing feasibility, safety, and clinically meaningful disease control.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Patricia Hernandez-Mitre, Steven C. Wallis, Elizabeth E. Morgan, Michael N. Dudley, Jeffery S. Loutit, David C. Griffith, Jason A. Roberts, Ryan K. Shields
Summary: This phase I clinical trial investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ceftibuten. The study found that the exposure of cis- and trans-ceftibuten increased proportionally with increasing doses, and accumulation of ceftibuten was observed. Ceftibuten was well tolerated at doses up to 800 mg twice-daily.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
An Buckinx, Dimitri De Bundel, Ron Kooijman, Ilse Smolders
Summary: Epilepsy is a neurological disease that affects over 50 million individuals worldwide. Despite the availability of various drugs for treatment, 30% of patients still suffer from pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Ghrelin receptor (ghrelin-R) has emerged as a promising new therapeutic target with anticonvulsant effects.