Article
Infectious Diseases
Ronald G. Hall, Travis J. Cole, Chip Shaw, Carlos A. Alvarez
Summary: Fidaxomicin was found to be associated with a significantly lower risk of CDI recurrence compared to vancomycin in a matched cohort study.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yuanyuan Qian, Biruk T. Birhanu, Jingdong Yang, Derong Ding, Jeshina Janardhanan, Shahriar Mobashery, Mayland Chang
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) caused by dysbiosis after broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is a major concern. In this study, an oxadiazole antibiotic compound, 3-(4-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl)-5-(4-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (compound 57), was found to exhibit potent and selective bactericidal activity against C. difficile.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E. L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Aunins, Christopher W. J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
Summary: SER-109 microbiome therapy is superior to placebo in reducing the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection, and has a similar safety profile as placebo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Susan P. Sambol, Andrew M. Skinner, Fidel Serna-Perez, Benjamin Owen, Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the colonization of NTCD-M3 after treatment with fidaxomicin, an alternative antibiotic to vancomycin, in a hamster model of C. difficile infection (CDI). The results showed that NTCD-M3 successfully colonized all hamsters treated with fidaxomicin, similar to those treated with vancomycin. The presence of high levels of OP-1118 and vancomycin in feces during treatment suggests the potential effectiveness of NTCD-M3 for preventing recurrent CDI.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nader S. Abutaleb, Mohamed N. Seleem
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infections are a significant public health threat globally, and auranofin shows potential as a new effective anti-CDI agent.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Noah Fang, David Ha, Kimberly Dong, Thomas Leung, Sydney Lee, Marisa Holubar, Lina Meng
Summary: This study reviewed the discharge of Clostridioides difficile-positive patients treated with fidaxomicin after local adoption of the 2021 CDI guidelines. From June 14 to October 3, 2021, 80% (12/15) of the patients had copayments ranging from $0 to $35, and 27% (4/15) required prior authorization. The 30-day CDI recurrence rate was 7%.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Chetna Dureja, Abiola O. Olaitan, Julian G. Hurdle
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile has significantly impacted patient care, but there are still many knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanisms of resistance.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cornelius J. Clancy, Deanna Buehrle, Michelle Vu, Marilyn M. Wagener, M. Hong Nguyen
Summary: Following revised clinical practice guidelines, there was a significant increase in the cumulative treatment courses of oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin, while a decrease in the treatment courses of oral metronidazole in the US. Monthly use of vancomycin significantly increased, and metronidazole significantly decreased after the publication of revised guidelines. The impact of revised guidelines in changing treatment practices for CDI was greater than clinical trial data establishing the superiority of vancomycin over metronidazole.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Andrew M. Skinner, Carolyn D. Alonso, Emilio Bouza, Oliver A. Cornely, Tim G. J. de Meij, Richard J. Drew, Kevin W. Garey, Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson, Stacy A. Kahn, Haru Kato, Ciaran P. Kelly, Colleen R. Kelly, Larry K. Kociolek, Ed J. Kuijper, Thomas Louie, Thomas Riley, Thomas J. Sandora, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Mark H. Wilcox, Erik R. Dubberke
Summary: With the approval and development of narrow-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the primary endpoint for treatment success of CDI antibiotic treatment trials has shifted from treatment response at end of therapy to sustained response 30 days after completed therapy. The current definition of a successful response to treatment (three or fewer unformed bowel movements [UBMs] per day for 1-2 days) has not been validated, does not reflect CDI management, and could impair assessments for successful treatment at 30 days. We propose new definitions to optimise trial design to assess sustained response. Primarily, we suggest that the initial response at the end of treatment be defined as (1) three or fewer UBMs per day, (2) a reduction in UBMs of more than 50% per day, (3) a decrease in stool volume of more than 75% for those with ostomy, or (4) attainment of bowel movements of Bristol Stool Form Scale types 1-4, on average, by day 2 after completion of primary CDI therapy (ie, assessed on day 11 and day 12 of a 10-day treatment course) and following an investigator determination that CDI treatment can be ceased.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Deanna Buehrle, Cornelius J. Clancy
Summary: Based on the analysis of June 2021 data, oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin are widely used treatments for Clostridioides difficile, but only a small percentage of enrollees have easy access to them.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jianfeng Dai, Jing Gong, Rui Guo
Summary: This study compared the treatment outcomes of fidaxomicin and vancomycin/metronidazole regimens in CDI patients, showing no significant differences in terms of clinical cure, sustained cure, recurrence, and all-cause mortality, but a higher risk of treatment failure in CDI patients receiving fidaxomicin.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Marcela Krutova, Tim G. J. de Meij, Fidelma Fitzpatrick, Richard J. Drew, Mark H. Wilcox, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) in the pediatric population. It highlights the characteristics and risks of CDI in children, as well as the effectiveness and indications of different treatment options.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicholas A. Turner, Bobby G. Warren, Maria F. Gergen-Teague, Rachel M. Addison, Bechtler Addison, William A. Rutala, David J. Weber, Daniel J. Sexton, Deverick J. Anderson
Summary: Fidaxomicin and vancomycin are more effective in reducing C. difficile shedding and environmental contamination compared to metronidazole. Treatment choice may play a role in reducing healthcare-associated C. difficile transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Travis J. Carlson, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: Human gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and recovery of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotics, although necessary for CDI treatment, can further disrupt the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and complicating recovery. Various microbiota-based treatment approaches, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and newly approved live biotherapeutic products, have been developed to address disease- and treatment-associated dysbiosis and improve cure rates. This review aims to discuss the changes in the gut microbiome associated with CDI and the effectiveness of different microbiota-based treatments.
Article
Immunology
Andrew M. Skinner, Xing Tan, Benjamin D. Sirbu, Larry H. Danziger, Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson
Summary: The tapered-pulsed fidaxomicin regimen shows promising results in managing multiple recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (mrCDI), with sustained clinical response rates of 74% at 30 days and 61% at 90 days.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Francesco Marchesi, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Ziad Emarah, Klara Piukovics, Marcio Nucci, Alberto Lopez-Garcia, Zdenek Racil, Francesca Farina, Marina Popova, Sofia Zompi, Ernesta Audisio, Marie-Pierre Ledoux, Luisa Verga, Barbora Weinbergerova, Tomas Szotkovski, Maria Gomes Da Silva, Nicola Fracchiolla, Nick De Jonge, Graham Collins, Monia Marchetti, Gabriele Magliano, Carolina Garcfa-Vidal, Monika M. Biernat, Jaap Van Doesum, Marina Machado, Fatih Demirkan, Murtadha Al-Khabori, Pavel Zak, Benjamfn Vfsek, Igor Stoma, Gustavo-Adolfo Mendez, Johan Maertens, Nina Khanna, Ildefonso Espigado, Giulia Dragonetti, Luana Fianchi, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Alba Cabirta, Irati Ormazabal-Velez, Ozren Jaksic, Caterina Buquicchio, Valentina Bonuomo, Josip Batinic, Ali S. Omrani, Sylvain Lamure, Olimpia Finizio, Noemf Fernandez, Iker Falces-Romero, Ola Blennow, Rui Bergantim, Natasha Ali, Sein Win, Jens Van Praet, Maria Chiara Tisi, Ayten Shirinova, Martin Schoenlein, Juergen Prattes, Monica Piedimonte, Verena Petzer, Milan Navratil, Austin Kulasekararaj, Pavel Jindra, Jiff Sramek, Andreas Glenthoj, Rita Fazzi, Cristina De Ramon-Sanchez, Chiara Cattaneo, Maria Calbacho, Nathan C. Bahr, Shaimaa El-Ashwah, Raul Cordoba, Michaela Hanakova, Giovanni Paolo Maria Zambrotta, Giovanni Zambrotta, Mariarita Sciume, Stephen Booth, Raquel Nunes Rodrigues, Maria Vittoria Sacchi, Nicole Garcia-Pouton, Juan-Alberto Martin-Gonzalez, Sofya Khostelidi, Stefanie Graefe, Laman Rahimli, Emanuele Ammatuna, Alessandro Busca, Paolo Corradini, Martin Hoenigl, Nikolai Klimko, Philipp Koehler, Antonio Pagliuca, Francesco Passamonti, Oliver A. Cornely, Livio Pagano
Summary: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are diagnosed with COVID-19 are at high risk of death. The management of AML patients with COVID-19 has not been established. In our study, a significant number of AML patients receiving or having received AML treatment had severe or critical COVID-19. Chemotherapy was modified or discontinued in a substantial portion of patients. The mortality rate was high, and survival was better when AML treatment could be delayed.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rosanne Sprute, Eva Van Braeckel, Holger Flick, Martin Hoenigl, Chris Kosmidis, Ritesh Agarwal, Jesper R. Davidsen, Christian B. Laursen, Oliver A. Cornely, Danila Seidel
Summary: This study aims to develop a scoring tool to quantify guideline adherence in the clinical management of CPA. A total of 27 recommendations were collected and weighed based on their strength and level of evidence. The EQUAL CPA Score is designed to be a comprehensive tool for measuring guideline adherence.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
L. Haensel, J. Schumacher, B. Denis, S. Hamane, O. A. Cornely, P. Koehler
Summary: The incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is increasing in patients without HIV infection. Unlike PCP in HIV-infected patients, diagnosis is often delayed in non-HIV-infected patients and is associated with higher mortality. This comprehensive review provides information on clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options for PCP in non-HIV-infected patients.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nicola Giesen, Elena Busch, Enrico Schalk, Gernot Beutel, Maria M. Ruethrich, Marcus Hentrich, Bernd Hertenstein, Hans H. Hirsch, Meinolf Karthaus, Yascha Khodamoradi, Philipp Koehler, William Kruger, Michael Koldehoff, Robert Krause, Sibylle C. Mellinghoff, Olaf Penack, Michael Sandherr, Ruth SeggeWiss-Bernhardt, Karsten Spiekermanny, Rosanne Sprute, Jannik Stemler, Florian Weissinger, Bernhard Woermann, Hans-Heinrich Wolf, Oliver A. Cornely, Christina T. Rieger, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and associated infectious disease COVID-19 present a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, with cancer patients being identified as a high-risk population. The rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 offers new options for improving care and protection of cancer patients. However, ongoing epidemiological changes and the emergence of new virus variants require constant revisions and adaptations of prophylaxis and treatment strategies to address these new challenges.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sofie Schumacher, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Andrea Liekweg, Muriel Rolfes, Danila Seidel, Sibylle C. Mellinghoff, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: This study investigates the impact of an intensified influenza vaccination campaign in a maximum-care hospital on influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/21. The campaign, which involved a mobile vaccination team and a central vaccination site, led to a significant increase in vaccination coverage among healthcare workers, especially among nurses.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jannik Stemler, Sibylle C. Mellinghoff, Yascha Khodamoradi, Rosanne Sprute, Annika Y. Classen, Sonja E. Zapke, Martin Hoenigl, Robert Krause, Martin Schmidt-Hieber, Werner J. Heinz, Michael Klein, Philipp Koehler, Blasius Liss, Michael Koldehoff, Christoph Buhl, Olaf Penack, Georg Maschmeyer, Enrico Schalk, Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Meinolf Karthaus, Markus Ruhnke, Oliver A. Cornely, Daniel Teschner
Summary: Patients with haematological malignancies are at high risk of invasive fungal disease. The German Society of Haematology and Medical Oncology has updated their antifungal prophylaxis recommendations, recommending continued antifungal prophylaxis for patients with long-lasting neutropenia and posaconazole as the drug of choice. There is insufficient data to give general recommendations for antifungal prophylaxis in patients receiving novel treatments for HM, such as CAR-T-cell therapy or novel targeted therapies for AML.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Fernando Riera, Juan Pablo Caeiro, Oliver A. Cornely, Jon Salmanton-Garcia
Summary: Immunosuppressed patients, transplant recipients, and those with acute or chronic respiratory disease are at increased risk for invasive fungal infections in Argentina. Little is known about the quality of available diagnostic and treatment armamentaria for invasive fungal infections in the country, despite the national public system guaranteeing universal access to health care.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oliver A. Cornely, Helmut Ostermann, Philipp Koehler, Daniel Teschner, Endrik Limburg, William G. Kramer, Sara H. Barbat, Margaret Tawadrous, Michael R. Hodges
Summary: This study evaluated the tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics of Fosmanogepix in AML patients. The results showed that Fosmanogepix was safe and well tolerated in patients undergoing chemotherapy, and its safety and pharmacokinetic profiles were comparable to healthy volunteers.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Mycology
Matthias Egger, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Aleksandra Barac, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Helene Guegan, Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic, Tadeja Matos, Rok Tomazin, Nikolai Klimko, Matteo Bassetti, Helena Hammarstroem, Eelco F. J. Meijer, Jacques F. Meis, Juergen Prattes, Robert Krause, Oguz Resat Sipahi, Ulrike Scharmann, P. Lewis White, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Julio Garcia-Rodriguez, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Sonia Martin-Perez, Maite Ruiz, Mario Tumbarello, Alida Fe Talento, Benedict Rogers, Katrien Lagrou, Jens van Praet, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Maiken C. Arendrup, Philipp Koehler, Oliver A. Cornely, Martin Hoenigl
Summary: This sub-analysis of the Candida III study investigated the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients with candidemia who required prolonged hospitalization for completion of intravenous antifungal treatment. The study found that the use of initial echinocandin treatment was associated with prolonged hospital stay, while factors such as neutropenia, intensive care unit admission, catheter related candidemia, total parenteral nutrition, and C. parapsilosis infection were associated with shorter hospitalization.
Review
Dermatology
Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Ilana Reinhold, Juergen Prattes, Nico Bekaan, Philipp Koehler, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, particularly in the treatment of candidemia. The current recommendation of a minimum treatment duration of 14 days for candidemia is being questioned, and further research and clinical trials are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines.
Editorial Material
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rosanne Sprute, Seraina Duda, Andrea Liekweg, Michaela Simon, Oliver A. Cornely
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Martin Hoenigl, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Esther Segal, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Sevtap Arikan Akdagli, Katrien Lagrou, Volkan oezenci, Antonio Vena, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: The diagnostic capacity for invasive fungal infections in Europe is generally good, but there are limitations in access to certain diagnostic tools and antifungal drugs. These limitations need to be addressed to ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment for all patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carola Horn, Rosanne Sprute, Alina Chloe Kretschmer, Carolin Do, Oliver A. Cornely, Norma Jung, Clara Lehmann, Julia Fischer
Summary: The immune responses to antigen stimulation, vaccinations and infections differ between women and men due to genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors. Females exhibit stronger immune responses but more adverse reactions to infections and vaccinations, while males are more prone to severe diseases caused by bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Understanding the sex-specific differences in immune response will have a long-term impact on the prevention, diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases, ultimately improving healthcare for both women and men.
Article
Hematology
Monia Marchetti, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Shaimaa El-Ashwah, Luisa Verga, Federico Itri, Zdenek Racil, Julio Davila-Valls, Sonia Martin-Perez, Jaap Van Doesum, Francesco Passamonti, Ghaith Abu-Zeinah, Francesca Farina, Alberto Lopez-Garcia, Giulia Dragonetti, Chiara Cattaneo, Maria Gomes Da Silva, Yavuz M. Bilgin, Pavel Zak, Verena Petzer, Andreas Glenthoj, Ildefonso Espigado, Caterina Buquicchio, Valentina Bonuomo, Lucia Prezioso, Stef Meers, Rafael Duarte, Rui Bergantim, Ozren Jaksic, Natasha Colovic, Ola Blennow, Martin Cernan, Martin Schoenlein, Michail Samarkos, Maria Enza Mitra, Gabriele Magliano, Johan Maertens, Marie-Pierre Ledoux, Moraima Jimenez, Fatih Demirkan, Graham P. Collins, Alba Cabirta, Stefanie K. Graefe, Anna Nordlander, Dominik Wolf, Elena Arellano, Raul Cordoba, Michaela Hanakova, Giovanni Paolo Maria Zambrotta, Raquel Nunes Rodrigues, Giulia Limberti, Francesco Marchesi, Oliver A. Cornely, Livio Pagano
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of immunosuppressive agents on the clinical outcomes of MPN patients with COVID-19. The results showed that MPN patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies had poorer clinical outcomes and an increased risk of death.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hans Martin Orth, Charlotte Flasshove, Moritz Berger, Sandra Tessa Hattenhauer, Kaja D. Biederbick, Rebekka Mispelbaum, Uwe Klein, Jannik Stemler, Matthis Fisahn, Anna D. Doleschall, Ben-Niklas Baermann, Eva Koenigshausen, Olga Tselikmann, Alexander Killer, Clara de Angelis, Smaranda Gliga, Johannes Stegbauer, Nikolai Spuck, Gerda Silling, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Christian P. Strassburg, Peter Brossart, Jens P. Panse, Bjoern-Erik Ole Jensen, Tom Luedde, Christoph Boesecke, Annkristin Heine, Oliver A. Cornely, Malte B. Monin
Summary: This retrospective multicentre study compared different treatment strategies for COVID-19 and found that early combination treatment effectively prevented prolonged viral shedding. Individualized dual therapy approaches may be beneficial for high-risk patients.