Review
Veterinary Sciences
Longfei Zhang, Hongbing Xie, Yongqiang Wang, Hongjuan Wang, Jianhe Hu, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration models are used to investigate the antimicrobial activity characteristics of drugs targeting pathogenic bacteria through comprehensive analysis of the interactions between PK and PD parameters. PK/PD models have been widely applied in the development of new drugs, optimization of the dosage regimen, and prevention and treatment of drug-resistant bacteria.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Gauri G. Rao, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
Summary: The use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approaches is crucial in optimizing dosage regimens of anti-infectives to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity and resistance, and ensure a high likelihood of therapeutic success. This involves well-designed preclinical studies, mathematical-model-based analysis, in-silico simulations, and the integration with population pharmacokinetic modelling to consider interindividual variability and predict treatment outcomes in patients. The importance of this approach is highlighted through the example of Polymyxin B, showcasing the necessity of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling in conjunction with experimentation for successful translation to clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xia Xiao, Weixuan Lan, Yaqin Zhao, Ruichao Li, Yuan Liu, Juan Liu, Zhiqiang Wang
Summary: PK/PD modeling and Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict the efficacy of florfenicol against Pasteurella multocida strains in ducks. The optimal PK/PD parameter was determined, and a rational dosage regimen was suggested for different strains of P. multocida. Additionally, the PK/PD cutoff values for florfenicol against P. multocida were provided for the current marketed dose and the predicted daily dose in mainland China.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuwei Shen, Joseph L. Kuti
Summary: Determining the antibiotic exposure in the lung and the threshold(s) needed for effective antibacterial killing is crucial for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling is recommended for evaluating antibiotic pulmonary exposure and optimizing dosage regimen selection. This review discusses the basis for conducting such studies and reviews the data supporting recent indications for different antibiotics.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Carmen Flores-Perez, Luis Alfonso Moreno-Rocha, Juan Luis Chavez-Pacheco, Norma Angelica Noguez-Mendez, Janett Flores-Perez, Delfina Ortiz-Marmolejo, Lina Andrea Sarmiento-Arguello
Summary: This study proposes a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) population model for the use of midazolam in pediatric patients undergoing minor surgery. The results demonstrate that adequate sedation without adverse effects can be achieved at half the usual dose. Further research is needed to optimize dosing schedules and prevent potential adverse effects.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ekram Ahmed Chowdhury, Guy Meno-Tetang, Hsueh Yuan Chang, Shengjia Wu, Hsien Wei Huang, Tanguy Jamier, Jayanth Chandran, Dhaval K. Shah
Summary: Protein therapeutics are successful but expensive and not suitable for long-term treatment. AAV-mediated gene therapy offers an alternative, but there is limited understanding of its key properties.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Li-li Guo, Rui-yuan Gao, Li-hua Wang, Shu-jun Lin, Bing-hu Fang, Yong-da Zhao
Summary: The study developed a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to determine the optimal dosage of tulathromycin in treating respiratory infections, and found a strong correlation between the AUC(168h)/MIC ratio and the antibacterial effectiveness of tulathromycin.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maria Gabriella Matera, Luigino Calzetta, Josuel Ora, Paola Rogliani, Mario Cazzola
Summary: Inhaled drugs play a crucial role in treating lung pathologies, but difficulties persist in assessing lung concentrations and interpreting their therapeutic action. Understanding the PK/PD relationship is essential for predicting therapeutic effects, but challenges remain due to the complex structure of the lungs and physical interactions with drugs. New methods are improving our understanding of inhaled drugs, but regulatory readiness is still a concern, requiring continued reliance on plasma concentrations as a proxy for lung deposition.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hui-Yin Yow, Kayatri Govindaraju, Audrey Huili Lim, Nusaibah Abdul Rahim
Summary: In the era of Bad Bugs, No Drugs, optimizing antibiotic therapy against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is crucial. Mathematical modelling has played an important role in personalized antibiotic treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kun Mi, Kaixiang Zhou, Lei Sun, Yixuan Hou, Wenjin Ma, Xiangyue Xu, Meixia Huo, Zhenli Liu, Lingli Huang
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue. The semi-mechanistic PK/PD model is a mathematical tool that captures the relationship between dose, exposure, and response in terms of the mechanism, allowing for the optimization of dosage regimens and the suppression of resistance development.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jiaxin Bao, Zhiyong Wu, Muhammad Ishfaq, Jian Wang, Yusong Miao, Dong Niu, Rui Li, Jichang Li, Chunli Chen
Summary: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the PK/PD index and efficacy of baicalin in the M. gallisepticum infection model in chickens. The results showed that baicalin concentration in lung tissues was higher than in plasma, and its ratios of AUC(24h)/MIC against bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and eradication were 0.62, 1.33, and 1.49 h, respectively. These findings provide potential reference for future clinical dose selection and evaluation of susceptibility breakpoints.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Laiz Campos Pereira, Marcelo Aguiar de Fatima, Valdeene Vieira Santos, Carolina Magalhaes Brandao, Izabel Almeida Alves, Francine Johansson Azeredo
Summary: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are related to therapeutic drug monitoring and drug development. Pharmacokinetics describes the time course of plasma concentrations after administering a drug-dose, while pharmacodynamics describes the intensity of the response to these concentrations. The integration of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling has applications in optimizing dose regimens for antibacterial and antifungal treatments.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jinwei Zhu, Yicui Zhang, Yixin Zhao, Jingwei Zhang, Kun Hao, Hua He
Summary: Despite limited methods for translating organoid-based study results to clinical response, this study developed a PK/PD model using oxaliplatin and irinotecan treatments with colorectal cancer as examples. The model can predict PK profiles and responses following treatments, and may aid in decision-making in drug development and clinical trial design.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Unai Caballero, Elena Eraso, Javier Peman, Guillermo Quindos, Valvanera Vozmediano, Stephan Schmidt, Nerea Jauregizar
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the antifungal activity of amphotericin B against Candida auris using semi-mechanistic PK/PD modeling, finding that the drug displayed concentration-dependent fungicidal activity. Simulation results showed that standard dosing scenarios were not effective against Candida auris, and an MIC of 1mg/L would be linked to treatment failure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxi Liu, Sho Tashiro, Yuki Igarashi, Wataru Takemura, Nana Kojima, Takumi Morita, Marina Hayashi, Yuki Enoki, Kazuaki Taguchi, Kazuaki Matsumoto
Summary: The study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices of tedizolid action on vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and the mechanisms underlying the PK/PD indices differences of tedizolid against VRE and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results showed that tedizolid exhibited bactericidal effects against VRE and MRSA, but the potency and duration varied between the two strains.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)