Review
Oncology
Jessica Donington, Lana Schumacher, Jane Yanagawa
Summary: Surgical care for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer is constantly improving with new procedures and techniques, particularly a shift towards minimally invasive surgery. These advancements in care are crucial as there is an increase in early detection through screening and a greater need for adjuvant and neoadjuvant strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heather Wakelee, Moishe Liberman, Terufumi Kato, Masahiro Tsuboi, Se-Hoon Lee, Shugeng Gao, Ke-Neng Chen, Christophe Dooms, Margarita Majem, Ekkehard Eigendorff, Gaston L. Martinengo, Olivier Bylicki, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Jamie E. E. Chaft, Silvia Novello, Jing Yang, Steven M. M. Keller, Ayman Samkari, Jonathan D. D. Spicer
Summary: Among patients with resectable early-stage NSCLC, perioperative pembrolizumab improved event-free survival, major pathological response, and pathological complete response. The addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery showed significant benefits compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone followed by surgery.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Luning Mao, Jianghua Wu, Zhongjie Zhang, Lijun Mao, Yuejin Dong, Zufeng He, Haiyue Wang, Kaiwen Chi, Yumeng Jiang, Dongmei Lin
Summary: In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of chromatin structure in early-stage lung cancer patients. We found that non-diploid DNA status and the combination of ploidy and nucleotyping can predict long-term outcomes. Patients with non-diploidy and chromatin homogenous status may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
James Isaacs, Thomas E. Stinchcombe
Summary: Approximately one-third of NSCLC patients can undergo surgical resection. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy have been shown to improve survival outcomes. Recent trials have explored immunotherapy and targeted therapy in early-stage patients, showing improved disease-free survival.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nasser Altorki, Xiaofei Wang, David Kozono, Colleen Watt, Rodney Landrenau, Dennis Wigle, Jeffrey Port, David R. Jones, Massimo Conti, Ahmad S. Ashrafi, Moishe Liberman, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Stephen Yang, John D. Mitchell, Harvey Pass, Robert Keenan, Thomas Bauer, Daniel Miller, Leslie J. Kohman, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Everett Vokes
Summary: This study compared lobectomy and sublobar resection in lung cancer patients. The results showed that in patients with tumors sized 2 cm or less and negative lymph nodes, sublobar resection was not inferior to lobectomy in terms of disease-free survival, and overall survival was similar between the two procedures.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Pietro Rosellini, Samuel Amintas, Charline Caumont, Remi Veillon, Sigolene Galland-Girodet, Alain Cuguilliere, Laurent Nguyen, Charlotte Domblides, Amandine Gouverneur, Jean-Philippe Merlio, Julien Bezin, Pierre-Olivier Girodet
Summary: STK11 mutation is associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leading to decreased response to immunotherapy treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Antonio Passaro, Ilaria Attili, Filippo de Marinis
Summary: The Oncology Grand Rounds series aims to help readers better apply the research findings published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology to patients in their own clinical practice. It includes case presentations, descriptions of diagnostic and management challenges, literature reviews, and suggested treatment approaches.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Misako Nagasaka, Mohammed Hafiz Uddin, Mohammed Najeeb Al-Hallak, Sarah Rahman, Suresh Balasubramanian, Ammar Sukari, Asfar S. Azmi
Summary: Liquid biopsy has become a valuable diagnostic tool for advanced NSCLC, with ctDNA analysis being a key method for identifying targetable mutations. Monitoring ctDNA in plasma can help assess treatment response and residual disease burden, and new methods like miRNA and lncRNA are also being explored for their potential in NSCLC diagnosis and monitoring.
Article
Oncology
Alexander Y. Deneka, Meghan C. Kopp, Anna S. Nikonova, Anna Gaponova, Anna A. Kiseleva, Harvey H. Hensley, Douglas B. Flieder, Ilya G. Serebriiskii, Erica A. Golemis
Summary: This study reveals a new role for the scaffolding protein NEDD9 in regulating LKB1-AMPK signaling in early stage NSCLC, suppressing autophagy and tumor growth.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Haifeng Shen, Yichen Jin, Heng Zhao, Manqi Wu, Kai Zhang, Zihan Wei, Xin Wang, Ziyang Wang, Yun Li, Fan Yang, Jun Wang, Kezhong Chen
Summary: Liquid biopsy has been evaluated for its diagnostic and prognostic value in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through a meta-analysis and systematic review. The study concludes that liquid biopsy can reliably facilitate more precise and effective management of early-stage NSCLC, but improvements in techniques and higher-quality trials are needed.
Review
Oncology
Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage, Victor Albarran-Artahona, Juan Carlos Laguna, Nathalie Chaput, Stephane Vignot, Benjamin Besse, Laura Mezquita, Edouard Auclin
Summary: Immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionised the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has shown promising results in early NSCLC, especially with neoadjuvant multimodality approaches. However, biomarkers for predicting response to ICIs in early-stage NSCLC are lacking. PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden seem to correlate with better response rates and survival. Other promising approaches include blood-based ratios, microbiota, and baseline intratumoral TCR clonality. Circulating tumor DNA could help in selecting best candidates for adjuvant ICIs and monitoring tumor response.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sunyi Zheng, Jiapan Guo, Johannes A. Langendijk, Stefan Both, Raymond N. J. Veldhuis, Matthijs Oudkerk, Peter M. A. van Ooijen, Robin Wijsman, Nanna M. Sijtsema
Summary: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a prediction model for 2-year overall survival (OS) in stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received definitive radiotherapy. The hybrid model, which integrated clinical variables and image features from pre-treatment CT scans, achieved reasonable performance and has the potential to identify high mortality risk patients and guide clinical decision making.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Atsushi Kamigaichi, Akira Hamada, Yasuhiro Tsutani
Summary: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of sublobar resection, specifically segmentectomy, for early-stage peripheral lung cancer, with survival outcomes comparable or superior to lobectomy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jose Marcio Luna, Andrew R. Barsky, Russell T. Shinohara, Leonid Roshkovan, Michelle Hershman, Alexandra D. Dreyfuss, Hannah Horng, Carolyn Lou, Peter B. Noel, Keith A. Cengel, Sharyn Katz, Eric S. Diffenderfer, Despina Kontos
Summary: Personalized therapy for NSCLC relies on invasive biopsies. This study explores the potential of using predictive models that integrate radiomic features extracted from CT images and clinical predictors to predict the survival of NSCLC patients. The results suggest that radiomic biomarkers derived through feature harmonization significantly improve the prediction of overall survival.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hsiu-Ping Chou, Kuan-Hsun Lin, Hsu-Kai Huang, Li-Fan Lin, Ying-Yi Chen, Ti-Hui Wu, Shih-Chun Lee, Hung Chang, Tsai-Wang Huang
Summary: SUVmax was identified as a prognostic factor for resected stage IA NSCLC, providing potential clinical significance. Postoperative treatment may be considered for stage IA3 NSCLC with SUVmax > 4.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
David N. Fredricks, Anna Plantinga, Sujatha Srinivasan, Antoinette Oot, Andrew Wiser, Tina L. Fiedler, Sean Proll, Michael C. Wu, Jeanne M. Marrazzo
Summary: This study found that the presence or concentrations of BV-associated bacteria in the mouth, anus, labia, and vagina can predict whether women will develop BV in the future.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Kuei-Pin Chung, Yen-Lin Huang, Yi-Jung Chen, Yi-Hsiu Juan, Chia-Lang Hsu, Kiichi Nakahira, Yen-Tsung Huang, Mong-Wei Lin, Shang-Gin Wu, Jin-Yuan Shih, Yih-Leong Chang, Chong-Jen Yu
Summary: Recent studies have shown that the expression and activation of DRP1 in lung adenocarcinoma are significantly correlated with proliferation, disease extent, and the risk of postoperative recurrence. Loss of DRP1 leads to altered mitochondrial morphology and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in suppressed proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Activation of DRP1 through serine 616 phosphorylation by ERK/AKT and CDK2 has been proposed to promote malignant properties in lung adenocarcinoma.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Caroline M. Mitchell, Nanxun Ma, Alissa J. Mitchell, Michael C. Wu, D. J. Valint, Sean Proll, Susan D. Reed, Katherine A. Guthrie, Andrea Z. Lacroix, Joseph C. Larson, Robert Pepin, Daniel Raftery, David N. Fredricks, Sujatha Srinivasan
Summary: In this small study, the severity of postmenopausal vaginal symptoms was not significantly associated with vaginal microbiota or mucosal inflammatory markers. Women receiving vaginal estradiol had higher abundance of lactobacilli and lower vaginal pH at the end of treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wen-Chi Pan, Szu-Yu Yeh, Chih-Da Wu, Yen-Tsung Huang, Yu-Cheng Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Hwai- Yang
Summary: The study found that exposure to exhaust from small cars and trucks is associated with increased CVD mortality, with PM2.5 playing a mediation role in the relationship between traffic and CVD mortality.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tianying Wang, Wodan Ling, Anna M. Plantinga, Michael C. Wu, Xiang Zhan
Summary: Traditional microbiome association analyses focus on the association between microbiome and conditional mean of outcomes, while the new MiRKAT-IQ method investigates the association between microbiome and conditional outcome quantiles, filling the gap in current methods. By using integrated quantile regression models and kernel machine regression framework, MiRKAT-IQ is robust to both the location of association signals and the heterogeneous distribution of outcomes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yao-Chun Hsu, Chi-Yi Chen, I-Wei Chang, Chi-Yang Chang, Chun-Ying Wu, Teng-Yu Lee, Ming-Shiang Wu, Ming-Jong Bair, Jyh-Jou Chen, Chieh-Chang Chen, Cheng-Hao Tseng, Chi-Ming Tai, Yen-Tsung Huang, Wen-Hui Ku, Lein-Ray Mo, Jaw-Town Lin
Summary: The study investigated the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in reducing disease progression in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B and minimally raised ALT. The results showed that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate can reduce the risk of liver fibrosis progression, but its effect on necroinflammation is not significant.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Wodan Ling, Ni Zhao, Anna M. Plantinga, Lenore J. Launer, Anthony A. Fodor, Katie A. Meyer, Michael C. Wu
Summary: The study introduces a zero-inflated quantile approach (ZINQ) for testing associations with microbiome data, offering advantages in handling zero counts, power, and false positive control compared to existing methods.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mary Kimmel, Wanting Jin, Kai Xia, Kun Lun, Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Anna Plantinga, Michael Wu, Shirin Ataei, Hannah Rackers, Ian Carroll, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Emma Fransson, Rebecca Knickmeyer
Summary: The study reveals substantial temporal variation in tryptophan-related metabolites and bile acid metabolites over the perinatal period, with marked inter-individual variability. Additionally, history of anxiety was associated with UDCA levels, while history of major depression was not associated with any of the bile acids.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mayes Alswady-Hoff, Johanna Samulin Erdem, Mona Aleksandersen, Kristine Haugen Anmarkrud, Oivind Skare, Fang-Chin Lin, Vincent Simensen, Yke Jildouw Arnoldussen, Vidar Skaug, Erik Ropstad, Shanbeh Zienolddiny-Narui
Summary: This study investigated the effects of exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on telomere length and its possible mechanism in carcinogenesis. The results showed that long-term exposure to long MWCNT led to significant telomere shortening, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, ultimately leading to inflammation and fibrosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shan Sun, Myrna G. Serrano, Jennifer M. Fettweis, Patricia Basta, Emma Rosen, Kim Ludwig, Alicia A. Sorgen, Ivory C. Blakley, Michael C. Wu, Nancy Dole, John M. Thorp, Anna Maria Siega-Riz, Gregory A. Buck, Anthony A. Fodor, Stephanie M. Engel
Summary: This study investigated the associations between the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth, specifically focusing on the differences between Black and White women. The results showed that the microbiome composition differed between the two racial groups, with Black women having higher alpha-diversity and abundance of Lactobacillus iners, and lower abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus. The study also found that the abundance of L. crispatus was inversely associated with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), independent of racial differences in microbial community structures. Vaginal douching was found to affect the associations between the microbiome, race, and sPTB. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering vaginal microbiome and douching in relation to preterm birth, and provides insights into potential interventions and biomarkers for predicting sPTB.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sujatha Srinivasan, Xing Hua, Michael C. Wu, Sean Proll, D. J. Valint, Susan D. Reed, Katherine A. Guthrie, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Joseph C. Larson, Robert Pepin, Shalender Bhasin, Daniel Raftery, David N. Fredricks, Caroline M. Mitchell
Summary: This study compared the effects of different treatments on the vaginal microbiota, metabolome, and pH in postmenopausal women. It found that women using vaginal estradiol tablets showed significant changes after 12 weeks, while moisturizer or placebo did not significantly impact the vaginal microbiota or metabolome despite altering the vaginal pH. Estradiol use may provide additional genitourinary health benefits for postmenopausal women.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Laura Maria Azzurra Camassa, Elisabeth Elje, Espen Mariussen, Eleonora Marta Longhin, Maria Dusinska, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui, Elise Runden-Pran
Summary: This study aims to test and optimize a 3D lung model for the hazard assessment of nanomaterials. The addition of complexity in the model has resulted in a change in sensitivity, highlighting the importance of detailed protocols for robustness and reproducibility.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ari VanderWalde, Shay L. Bellasea, Kari L. Kendra, Nikhil I. Khushalani, Katie M. Campbell, Philip O. Scumpia, Lawrence F. Kuklinski, Frances Collichio, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Alexandra Ikeguchi, Adrienne I. Victor, Thach-Giao Truong, Bartosz Chmielowski, David C. Portnoy, Yuanbin Chen, Kim Margolin, Charles Bane, Constantin A. Dasanu, Douglas B. Johnson, Zeynep Eroglu, Sunandana Chandra, Egmidio Medina, Cynthia R. Gonzalez, Ignacio Baselga-Carretero, Agustin Vega-Crespo, Ivan Perez Garcilazo, Elad Sharon, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Sapna P. Patel, Kenneth F. Grossmann, James Moon, Michael C. Wu, Antoni Ribas
Summary: In this randomized phase 2 trial, combination therapy of ipilimumab and nivolumab showed significant improvement in progression-free survival in patients with metastatic melanoma compared to ipilimumab alone. However, the impact on CD8 T cell infiltrate in tumor was not statistically significant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tanya Tacheva, Shanbeh Zienolddiny-Narui, Dimo Dimov, Denitsa Vlaykova, Iva Miteva, Tatyana Vlaykova
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and COPD risk, finding that the GSTM1 null genotype may be involved in leucocyte telomere shortening and contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nehemiah Wilson, Ni Zhao, Xiang Zhan, Hyunwook Koh, Weijia Fu, Jun Chen, Hongzhe Li, Michael C. Wu, Anna M. Plantinga
Summary: MiRKAT enables distance-based association testing for microbiome beta diversity with various outcome types. Omnibus tests allow simultaneous consideration of multiple distance measures, providing higher power across different simulation scenarios. Two measures of effect size are incorporated to allow comparison of effect sizes across multiple kernels.