Article
Oncology
Satoshi Yuki, Kentaro Yamazaki, Yu Sunakawa, Hiroya Taniguchi, Hideaki Bando, Manabu Shiozawa, Tomohiro Nishina, Hisateru Yasui, Yoshinori Kagawa, Naoki Takahashi, Tadamichi Denda, Taito Esaki, Hisato Kawakami, Hironaga Satake, Atsuo Takashima, Nobuhisa Matsuhashi, Takeshi Kato, Chiharu Asano, Yukiko Abe, Shogo Nomura, Takayuki Yoshino
Summary: This study investigated plasma angiogenesis factors as predictors of the efficacy of biologics combined with chemotherapy in first-line treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and the dynamics of these factors during treatment. The results showed that pretreatment plasma IL-8 and sVCAM-1 levels could serve as predictive biomarkers to distinguish between chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab (BEV) and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (aEGFR) in the first-line treatment of RAS wild-type mCRC. Additionally, several plasma angiogenesis factors showed significant changes during disease progression, indicating their potential as biomarkers for selecting an optimal angiogenesis inhibitor in second-line treatment.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
Summary: This review focuses on the use of natural compounds for the treatment of colorectal cancer, highlighting their potential anti-CRC activities in vitro and in vivo. The findings suggest that these natural compounds could assist chemotherapy strategies and support cancer patients by targeting different mechanisms and pathways.
CURRENT DRUG TARGETS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Julia Mann, Fabian Meinert, Benjamin Garlipp, Kersten Borchert, Arndt Vogel, Eray Goekkurt, Ulrich Kaiser, Heinz-Gert Hoeffkes, Joern Ruessel, Stephan Kanzler, Thomas Edelmann, Helmut Forstbauer, Thomas Goehler, Carla Hannig, Bert Hildebrandt, Carsten Roll, Carsten Bokemeyer, Joerg Steighardt, Franziska Cygon, Stefan Ibach, Alexander Stein, Joseph Tintelnot
Summary: The study confirms the effectiveness and tolerability of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as a first-line treatment for mCRC, but challenges remain in its clinical implementation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Daniel Sur, Loredana Balacescu, Simona S. Cainap, Simona Visan, Laura Pop, Claudia Burz, Andrei Havasi, Rares Buiga, Calin Cainap, Alexandru Irimie, Ovidiu Balacescu
Summary: The study focused on investigating miRNAs in colorectal cancer patients, finding that elevated levels of miR-17-5p and miR-185-5p in plasma may predict treatment response, while overexpression of miR-125b-5p in plasma exosomes may be correlated with a more aggressive CRC phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Pasquale F. Innominato, Abdoulaye Karaboue, Christian Focan, Philippe Chollet, Sylvie Giacchetti, Mohamed Bouchahda, Ayhan Ulusakarya, Angela Torsello, Rene Adam, Francis A. Levi, Carlo Garufi
Summary: The triplet combination of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil showed favorable safety and efficacy profiles as both frontline and salvage treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Encouraging activity was observed in the second-line treatment with limited hematological toxicity. The study provides important insights into the use of this combination in different treatment settings for this type of cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jacob Mathias Bech, Thilde Terkelsen, Annette Snejbjerg Bartels, Fabian Coscia, Sophia Doll, Siqi Zhao, Zhaojun Zhang, Nils Brunner, Jan Lindebjerg, Gunvor Iben Madsen, Xiangdong Fang, Matthias Mann, Jose Manuel Afonso Moreira
Summary: By analyzing the proteomic data of resected adenoma samples, researchers found that the proteome can predict the future occurrence of advanced lesions and progression to colorectal cancer several years in advance.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raghav Sundar, Nesaretnam Barr Kumarakulasinghe, Yiong Huak Chan, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Takaki Yoshikawa, Yohei Miyagi, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda, Jia Guan, Junichi Sakamoto, Shiro Tanaka, Angie Lay-Keng Tan, Michal Marek Hoppe, Anand D. Jeyasekharan, Cedric Chuan Young Ng, Mark De Simone, Heike Grabsch, Jeeyun Lee, Takashi Oshima, Akira Tsuburaya, Patrick Tan
Summary: In the SAMIT trial, a gene signature predicting survival benefit from paclitaxel chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients was identified using machine-learning techniques. Patients were divided into Pac-Sensitive and Pac-Resistant groups, with Pac-Sensitive patients showing significant improvement in disease-free survival. This gene signature was validated in an external cohort, providing the first predictive biomarker for paclitaxel benefit in gastric cancer patients.
Article
Oncology
Foluso O. Ademuyiwa, Ina Chen, Jingqin Luo, Mothaffar F. Rimawi, Ian S. Hagemann, Bryan Fisk, Gejae Jeffers, Zachary L. Skidmore, Anamika Basu, Megan Richters, Cynthia X. Ma, Katherine Weilbaecher, Jennifer Davis, Rama Suresh, Lindsay L. Peterson, Ron Bose, Nusayba Bagegni, Caron E. Rigden, Ashley Frith, Timothy P. Rearden, Leonel F. Hernandez-Aya, Anna Roshal, Katherine Clifton, Mateusz Opyrchal, Olaronke Akintola-Ogunremi, Byung Ha Lee, Sara Ferrando-Martinez, Sarah E. Church, Meenakshi Anurag, Matthew J. Ellis, Feng Gao, William Gillanders, Obi L. Griffith, Malachi Griffith
Summary: Neoadjuvant docetaxel and carboplatin resulted in a pCR rate of 45.7% in TNBC patients. Whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling were able to differentiate patients with and without pCR.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jocelyn Garcia-Sayre, Yvonne G. Lin, Koji Matuso, Denice D. Tsao-Wei, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia, Stan Louie, Tiange Dong, Marcia A. Ciccone, Laurie L. Brunette-Masi, Huyen Q. Pham, Annie A. Yessaian, Susan G. Groshen, Grace Facio, Marissa Aldana, Laila I. Muderspach, Agustin A. Garcia, Lynda Roman
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical activity of eribulin in patients with advanced/recurrent cervical cancer and identified prior paclitaxel exposure as a potential predictor of decreased response to the drug.
GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fiona Bragg, Eirini Trichia, Diego Aguilar-Ramirez, Jelena Besevic, Sarah Lewington, Jonathan Emberson
Summary: This study found that metabolic biomarkers were independently associated with the risk of T2D, and further addition of metabolic biomarker principal components improved the prediction of T2D risk.
Article
Oncology
Drolaiz H. W. Liu, Nina Sefcovicova, Jake Emmerson, Louisa N. Spaans, Yuichi Saito, Gordon Hutchins, Matthew G. Nankivell, Ruth E. Langley, William Allum, David Cunningham, Rupert Langer, Heike I. Grabsch
Summary: This study suggests that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve the survival of patients with mucinous oesophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a post-hoc analysis of two clinical trials. Further research is needed to identify potential interactions between extracellular mucin and chemotherapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Aaron A. Laviana, Elizabeth G. Schiftan, Joseph W. Mashni, Michael C. Large, Hristos Z. Kaimakliotis, David D. Nolte, John J. Turek, Ran An, Travis A. Morgan, Sam S. Chang
Summary: The study found that biodynamic scoring accurately predicts therapeutic response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, indicating its potential for improving treatment management.
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Mangesh A. Thorat, Pauline M. Levey, J. Louise Jones, Sarah E. Pinder, Nigel J. Bundred, Ian S. Fentiman, Jack Cuzick
Summary: Overexpression of HER2 in DCIS is significantly associated with increased risk of in situ recurrence and predicts radiotherapy benefit, with greater reductions in in situ recurrences in HER2-positive DCIS.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Maximilian Kloft, Jessica E. Ruisch, Gayatri Raghuram, Jake Emmerson, Matthew Nankivell, David Cunningham, William H. Allum, Ruth E. Langley, Heike I. Grabsch
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between negative lymph node size and overall survival in esophageal cancer patients. It found that large negative lymph node size is associated with better survival and may serve as a new prognostic biomarker. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
Review
Oncology
Umberto Malapelle, Francesco Passiglia, Chiara Cremolini, Maria Lucia Reale, Francesco Pepe, Pasquale Pisapia, Antonio Avallone, Diego Cortinovis, Alfonso De Stefano, Matteo Fassan, Gabriella Fontanini, Domenico Galetta, Calogero Lauricella, Angela Listi, Fotios Loupakis, Fabio Pagni, Filippo Pietrantonio, Sara Pilotto, Luisella Righi, Andrea Sartore Bianchi, Hector Soto Parra, Marcello Tiseo, Michela Verze, Giancarlo Troncone, Silvia Novello
Summary: Rat sarcoma (RAS) oncogenes have been extensively studied in the past few decades, with the KRAS gene being the most frequently mutated in human tumors, garnering special attention. Recent focus has been on mutations in the KRAS and NRAS genes in non-small-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer patients, due to their significant roles in patient prognosis and prediction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Susan D. Richman, Gemma Hemmings, Helen Roberts, Niall Gallop, Rachel Dodds, Lyndsay Wilkinson, Jonathan Davis, Rhian White, Emma Yates, Bharat Jasani, Louise Brown, Tim S. Maughan, Rachel Butler, Philip Quirke, Richard Adams
Summary: FOCUS4 trial is a successful umbrella trial for patients with advanced colorectal cancer, using molecular profiling for biomarker analysis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Babak Choodari-Oskooei, Soe Soe Thwin, Alexandra Blenkinsop, Mariana Widmer, Fernando Althabe, Mahesh K. B. Parmar
Summary: Multi-arm multi-stage trials are an efficient and adaptive approach for testing multiple treatments simultaneously. Selecting a subset of promising treatments at an intermediate stage can reduce patient numbers and costs. Our simulations demonstrate that conducting treatment selection at around 17% of information time leads to good operating characteristics, and a fixed allocation ratio of 1:1 to all arms throughout increases the probability of correct selection without sacrificing overall efficiency.
Article
Oncology
Dion Morton, Matthew Seymour, Laura Magill, Kelly Handley, James Glasbey, Bengt Glimelius, Andy Palmer, Jenny Seligmann, Soren Laurberg, Keigo Murakami, Nick West, Philip Quirke, Richard Gray, FOxTROT Collaborative Grp
Summary: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy shows potential benefits for locally advanced colon cancer compared to postoperative chemotherapy. In this study, patients with radiologically staged T3-4, N0-2, M0 colon cancer were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of preoperative oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy followed by either 18 or 24 weeks postoperatively. Results indicate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in marked downstaging of tumors and lower rates of incomplete resections and disease recurrence within 2 years.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Richard A. A. Parker, Christopher J. J. Weir, Tra My Pham, Ian R. R. White, Nigel Stallard, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Robert J. J. Swingler, Rachel S. S. Dakin, Suvankar Pal, Siddharthan Chandran
Summary: MND-SMART is a multi-arm, multi-stage, multi-centre randomized controlled trial for motor neuron disease. It compares the efficacy of memantine and trazodone with placebo, and may introduce other investigational treatments later. The co-primary outcomes are ALS-FRS-R functional outcome and overall survival. The trial randomizes participants 1:1:1 to receive placebo or one of the investigational treatments, with a maximum of 531 participants. Comparisons will be conducted in four stages, with the opportunity to stop randomizations to poorly performing arms. The final analysis will be based on a statistical analysis plan finalized in May 2022.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tom Foltynie, Sonia Gandhi, Cristina Gonzalez-Robles, Marie-Louise Zeissler, Georgia Mills, Roger Barker, James Carpenter, Anette Schrag, Anthony Schapira, Oliver Bandmann, Stephen Mullin, Joy Duffen, Kevin McFarthing, Jeremy Chataway, Mahesh Parmar, Camille Carroll
Summary: Multi-arm, multi-stage platform designs have improved the efficiency of clinical trials in the field of oncology. Foltynie et al. discuss the challenges and considerations of using this approach to assess potential disease-modifying treatments in progressive neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matteo Quartagno, Tim P. Morris, Duncan C. Gilbert, Ruth E. Langley, Matthew G. Nankivell, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Ian R. White
Summary: This article compares three commonly used summary measures: hazard ratio, difference in restricted mean survival time, and difference in survival at a fixed time point. The study investigates the impact of assuming proportional hazards on the operating characteristics of a trial and finds that difference in restricted mean survival time is often the most powerful summary measure when assuming proportional hazards. The conclusion suggests that the choice of summary measure should be made on clinical grounds, and difference in restricted mean survival time is often the most powerful test when estimated under proportional hazards.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Hawarden, Marcus Price, Bryn Russell, Godfrey Wilson, Laura Farrelly, Andrew Embleton-Thirsk, Mahesh Parmar, Richard Edmondson
Summary: For patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, complete surgical cytoreduction is the most important factor affecting the outcome. However, it is difficult to predict which patients will benefit from this surgery, and few surgical outcome prediction tools have been validated. In this study, a promising three protein signature that was previously associated with suboptimal surgical debulking was externally validated, but the results showed poor predictive ability.
Article
Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Ella Marley-Zagar, Ian R. White, Patrick Royston, Friederike M. -S. Barthel, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Abdel G. Babiker
Summary: This article describes the command artbin, which provides new facilities for calculating sample size for binary outcome variables in Stata. It discusses the updated version of artbin, which includes new options for statistical tests and study designs, improved syntax, and better handling of noninferiority trials. The article also provides an overview of the formulas used within artbin for different settings.
Article
Oncology
Mark A. Baxter, Lindsay C. Spender, Shaun Walsh, Susan Bray, Gemma Skinner, Sharon S. King, Peter S. Hall, Matthew J. Seymour, Russell D. Petty
Summary: Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GOA) is a cancer with poor survival, but females have better outcomes. The reason for this is unknown. A study using samples from a clinical trial found no clear link between outcome and oestrogen receptor expression, but observed improved survival with older age and female sex.
Article
Cell Biology
Jan Moritz Niehues, Philip Quirke, Nicholas P. West, Heike I. Grabsch, Marko van Treeck, Yoni Schirris, Gregory P. Veldhuizen, Gordon G. A. Hutchins, Susan D. Richman, Sebastian Foersch, Titus J. Brinker, Junya Fukuoka, Andrey Bychkov, Wataru Uegami, Daniel Truhn, Hermann Brenner, Alexander Brobeil, Michael Hoffmeister, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Summary: Deep learning can predict microsatellite instability (MSI) from routine histopathology slides of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is unclear whether DL can also predict other biomarkers with high performance and whether DL predictions generalize to external patient populations.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sophia J. Wagner, Daniel Reisenbuechler, Nicholas P. West, Jan Moritz Niehues, Jiefu Zhu, Sebastian Foersch, Gregory Patrick Veldhuizen, Philip Quirke, Heike I. Grabsch, Piet A. van den Brandt, Gordon G. A. Hutchins, Susan D. Richman, Tanwei Yuan, Rupert Langer, Josien C. A. Jenniskens, Kelly Offermans, Wolfram Mueller, Richard Gray, Stephen B. Gruber, Joel K. Greenson, Gad Rennert, Joseph D. Bonner, Daniel Schmolze, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Nicholas J. Hawkins, Robyn L. Ward, Dion Morton, Matthew Seymour, Laura Magill, Marta Nowak, Jennifer Hay, Viktor H. Koelzer, David N. Church, Christian Matek, Carol Geppert, Chaolong Peng, Cheng Zhi, Xiaoming Ouyang, Jacqueline A. James, Maurice B. Loughrey, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Hermann Brenner, Michael Hoffmeister, Daniel Truhn, Julia A. Schnabel, Melanie Boxberg, Tingying Peng, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Summary: This study develops a new transformer-based pipeline for predicting prognostic biomarkers from colorectal cancer pathology slides. The results show that this approach significantly improves performance, generalizability, data efficiency, and interpretability compared to current algorithms. The method also solves a longstanding diagnostic problem by achieving clinical-grade performance on endoscopic biopsy tissue.
Letter
Oncology
Richard Gray, Matt Seymour, Laura Magill, Kelly Handley, Philip Quirke, Nick West, Dion Morton
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ehsan Ghorani, Matteo Quartagno, Fiona Blackhall, Duncan C. Gilbert, Mary O'Brien, Christian Ottensmeier, Elena Pizzo, James Spicer, Alex Williams, Philip Badman, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Michael J. Seckl
Summary: Some immunotherapy dosing regimens for advanced cancer patients may result in overtreatment, and new approaches are needed to reduce unnecessary treatment. REFINE-Lung is a UK multicentre phase 3 study that uses a novel design to determine the optimal dose frequency of pembrolizumab.