Article
Immunology
Connor Prosty, Ryan Hanula, Khaled Katergi, Yves Longtin, Emily G. Mcdonald, Todd C. Lee
Summary: We evaluated clinical outcomes of patients with different test results (NAAT+/Toxin+ vs NAAT+/Toxin-) and treated or untreated cases through systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that patients with NAAT+/Toxin+ had a higher rate of recurrence, and treatment of NAAT+/Toxin- cases was associated with lower all-cause mortality. These findings suggest the importance of treating some NAAT+/Toxin- cases.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazutaka Fukushima, Ryota Inokuchi, Ichiro Hirayama, Takahiro Hiruma, Kent Doi
Summary: Early diagnosis and conservative antibiotic therapy are crucial for saving fulminant CDI patients who are not eligible for surgery due to severe complicating conditions.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hae-Sun Chung, Jeong Su Park, Bo-Moon Shin, Hyeon Mi Yoo, Heejung Kim, Jihyun Cho, Chae Hoon Lee, Nam Hee Ryoo, Jae-Seok Kim, Jae-Woo Chung, Ki Ho Hong, You Sun Kim, Young-Seok Cho
Summary: This study investigated the current status of CDI laboratory diagnosis in Korea, finding that 90 institutions conducted CDI assays using various methods, with toxin AR EIA being perceived less sensitive and NAAT perceived mostly positive for sensitivity and specificity. The study also discovered that 63 institutions performed CDI surveillance.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hayden T. Schwenk, Nira R. Pollock, Ana M. Vaughan-Malloy
Summary: The diagnosis of CDI in children is challenging due to limitations of current detection methods, including the inability of nucleic acid amplification tests to discriminate and the lack of sensitivity in enzyme immunoassays. Understanding preanalytic factors, patient features, and test performance characteristics is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Waleed A. Hassanain, Julia Spoors, Christopher L. Johnson, Karen Faulds, Neil Keegan, Duncan Graham
Summary: The study introduces a novel testing platform for the rapid and simultaneous detection of two specific biomarkers of Clostridium difficile infection, providing a rapid, selective, sensitive, and cost-effective clinical evaluation method for CDI.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qiuyuan Lin, Yuanwei Cao, Guobin Han, Wen Sun, Wenhao Weng, Hui Chen, Haoyi Wang, Jilie Kong
Summary: We report a general and programmable diagnostic platform that combines mesophilic Clostridium perfringens Argonaute (CpAgo) with exponential isothermal amplification (EXPAR) for the rapid and sensitive detection of multiple miRNAs with single-nucleotide discrimination in one pot. The CpAgo-based One-Pot (COP) assay achieved a limit of detection of 1 zMmiRNA within 30 min and showed superior analytical performance in distinguishing colorectal cancer patients from healthy individuals. This programmable, one-pot, multiplex, rapid, and specific strategy holds great promise in scientific research and clinical applications.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Panting Sang, Zhigang Hu, Yuliang Cheng, Hang Yu, Yunfei Xie, Weirong Yao, Yahui Guo, He Qian
Summary: The integration of immunoassay with nucleic acid amplification techniques combines the advantages of both methods, presenting important implications for detecting food contaminants. Recent enthusiasm has focused on utilizing new technologies in immunoassays and molecular assays.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Masako Mizusawa, Karen C. Carroll
Summary: There is no single diagnostic test for CDI with optimal sensitivity and specificity. Many institutions have developed multi-step algorithms following guidelines from professional societies. Some have improved pretest probability of molecular assays with sample rejection criteria and best practice alerts, while others have used PCR cycle threshold cutoffs to differentiate symptomatic patients from asymptomatic carriers or predict disease severity. Advances in research on C. difficile pathogenesis may lead to identification of CDI specific biomarkers. Additionally, microbiome and metabolome assessments may enhance diagnostics with advancements in mass spectrometry and sequencing technologies.
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Makan Golizeh, Kaitlin Winter, Lucie Roussel, Marija Landekic, Melanie Langelier, Vivian G. Loo, Momar Ndao, Donald C. Vinh
Summary: This study aimed to discover host-derived fecal biomarkers associated with the severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The researchers identified A2MG, MMP-7, and A1AT as biomarkers in patients with CDI, which may define novel components of the host response that determine disease severity. In a mouse model, these biomarkers were also identified, highlighting their potential relevance in understanding CDI severity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giuseppe Esposito, Chiara Corpetti, Marcella Pesce, Luisa Seguella, Giuseppe Annunziata, Alessandro Del Re, Martina Vincenzi, Roberta Lattanzi, Jie Lu, Walter Sanseverino, Giovanni Sarnelli
Summary: The newly designed PEA-producing probiotic showed therapeutic potential in inhibiting colonic inflammation and restoring tight junction protein expression in a mouse model of CDI.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yanna Shao, Huan Zhou, Qingping Wu, Yonghua Xiong, Juan Wang, Yu Ding
Summary: This study systematically discusses the importance of enzyme-based signal transduction patterns in immunoassay, as well as different strategies for enhancing the output signals of enzymes to significantly improve the sensitivity of enzyme-based immunosensors. The article categorizes these strategies into three categories and discusses the current focus and future direction of enzyme-based immunoassays.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Srijita Basak, Debashrito Deb, Utkarsh Narsaria, Tamalika Kar, Filippo Castiglione, Indraneel Sanyal, Pratap D. Bade, Anurag P. Srivastava
Summary: Clostridium difficile infection is a major health-associated infection with high incidence and mortality rates. A chimeric vaccine candidate was designed using immunoinformatics, which showed stability and reliability in silico and molecular dynamics simulations. Docking studies demonstrated stable interactions with immune receptors, and in silico modeling indicated competent expression in E. coli system for potential immune response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Takashi Okanda, Hiroshi Mitsutake, Ryoko Aso, Ryuichi Sekizawa, Hiromu Takemura, Tetsuya Matsumoto, Shigeki Nakamura
Summary: The study evaluated the accuracy of rapid detection of toxigenic C. difficile using the novel high-speed PCR device PathOC RightGene, showing excellent performance in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. Compared to traditional methods, PathOC RightGene has a shorter turnaround time and can quickly and accurately detect C. difficile.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinglue Song, Xia Shen, Zhenyu Huang, Yun Liu, Long Cui, Xuewei Cui, Chen-Ying Liu
Summary: Toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile disrupt the Hippo pathway, leading to sequestration and inactivation of YAP and TAZ in colonic epithelial cells. Overexpression of YAP restores cell function and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CDI.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michelle T. Hecker, Andrea H. Son, Patricia Zuccaro, Jennifer Conti, Curtis J. Donskey
Summary: During the 4-year period after implementing the 2-step CDI testing algorithm, 70% to 78% of patients suspected of having CDI and tested positive for nucleic acid amplification but negative for toxins received CDI treatment. In total, 73% of NAAT+/TOX- patients were classified as having probable or possible CDI.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)