Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
T. R. Kannaki, Priyanka Edigi, Nishitha Yalagandula, Santosh Haunshi
Summary: Multiplex PCR technique was developed and validated for simultaneous detection and differentiation of major tumor causing and immunosuppressive viral diseases of chicken, showing high sensitivity and specificity in detecting Marek's disease, avian leukosis, and Reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jiaqi Cui, Pengfei Cui, Jianzhong Shi, Weifeng Fan, Xin Xing, Wenli Gu, Yuancheng Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Xianying Zeng, Yongping Jiang, Pucheng Chen, Huanliang Yang, Yan Chen, Jinxiong Liu, Liling Liu, Guobin Tian, Yixin Lu, Hualan Chen, Chengjun Li, Guohua Deng
Summary: The H6 avian influenza virus is prevalent worldwide, especially in poultry farms in China. Studies revealed the complex genetic evolution and dual receptor binding specificity of H6 AIV, highlighting the potential threat to human health.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ahmed Setta, Nahed Yehia, Amani Osman Shakak, Diana A. Al-Quwaie, Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Heba Salem
Summary: The study investigated the prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in commercial broiler chicken flocks from 2019 to 2022. Samples were collected from 111 problematic flocks and analyzed using molecular tools. The results showed that 21.6% of the flocks tested positive for HPAI H5N8, with higher prevalence in vaccinated flocks and detection mainly in autumn and winter. Regular molecular monitoring, vaccine efficacy evaluation, and preventive strategies are recommended to control this serious threat.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tohid Piri-Gharaghie, Ghazal Ghajari, Naz Tavakoli Lahijani, Renzon Daniel Cosme Pecho, Fahdil Hussam, Roxana Yolanda Castillo-Acobo, Mona Aghassizadeh-Sherbaf
Summary: This study aimed to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (m-RT-PCR) method for simultaneous detection of important avian viral pathogens. Specific primers were designed and synthesized using conserved segments of viral genetic sequences, and recombinant vectors were synthesized as positive controls. The d-optimal approach was used to optimize PCR conditions. The m-PCR assay showed high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility in detecting and evaluating viral infection in birds, with the ability to detect 8 target genes and identify 8 viral pathogens from infected samples. The test also demonstrated that live animal oral swabs were as effective as tissue sampling from dead animals, making it a valuable tool for viral infection analysis in poultry.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohsen Bashashati, David H. Chung, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Dong-Hun Lee
Summary: The evolutionary history of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Iran shows that only the Iran 4 subgroup has survived and currently circulates in the country; the viruses possess molecular markers associated with mammalian adaption; continued surveillance of H9N2 viruses is needed to monitor their evolution and potential threat to public health.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pengxiang Chang, Jean-Remy Sadeyen, Sushant Bhat, Rebecca Daines, Altaf Hussain, Huseyin Yilmaz, Munir Iqbal
Summary: Since 2013, the H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused over 1500 human infections and a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Despite vaccination efforts, the viruses continue to evolve rapidly in poultry and some strains have the ability to escape vaccine-induced immunity. Recent analysis showed that the H7N9 AIVs from the early epidemic waves had dual receptor binding characteristics, but more recent strains lost or retained weak human receptor binding. The viruses also demonstrated increased acid stability but reduced thermal stability compared to earlier strains, and showed poor cross-reactivity with human monoclonal antibodies and ferret antisera.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Deborah Cruciani, Silvia Crotti, Carmen Maresca, Ivan Pecorelli, Emanuela Verdini, Marinella Rodolfi, Eleonora Scoccia, Sara Spina, Andrea Valentini, Francesco Agnetti
Summary: This study investigated the spread of Aspergillus spp. in Italian farms, their antifungal resistance, and the presence of mycotoxins. The results showed a wide distribution of Aspergillus spp. and resistance to antifungal drugs, posing a potential transmission risk to animals and humans.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
O-Mi Lee, Hye-Jin Lee, Sung-Il Kang, Ji-Yeon Jeong, Yong-Kuk Kwon, Min-Su Kang
Summary: A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed in this study to rapidly differentiate between three species of avian Chlamydia and detect the genus Chlamydia. The assay showed high efficiency and sensitivity, making it suitable for routine diagnostic purposes in avian diagnostic laboratories.
Article
Immunology
Fabien Filaire, Laetitia Lebre, Charlotte Foret-Lucas, Timothee Vergne, Patrick Daniel, Aurelie Lelievre, Antoine de Barros, Adam Jbenyeni, Pierrick Bolon, Mathilde Paul, Guillaume Croville, Jean-Luc Guerin
Summary: This study conducted virologic analysis on aerosol and dust collected from poultry farms in France during 2020-2021 and found that dust contributed to viral dispersal, even at the early stage of an outbreak. This finding suggests that dust can be a valuable surveillance tool for monitoring avian influenza A(H5N8) virus.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shahan Azeem, Yuko Sato, Baoqing Guo, Anna Wolc, Hanjun Kim, Hai Hoang, Mahesh Bhandari, Kathleen Mayo, Jian Yuan, Jihun Yoon, Phillip C. Gauger, Kyoung-Jin Yoon
Summary: The present study assessed the potential role of feedstuffs in the spread of avian influenza virus (AIV) and found that AIV survivability in feed is relatively low, thus rendering it low risk. The decay of AIV RNA was faster at higher temperatures, suggesting that maintaining feed in the cold chain is important for testing purposes. Furthermore, heat treatment of feed may be an alternative to chemical treatment when contamination is suspected.
Article
Virology
Lanre Sulaiman, Ismaila Shittu, Alice Fusaro, Bitrus Inuwa, Bianca Zecchin, Dorcas Gado, Alessia Schivo, Alice Bianco, Agnes Laleye, Federica Gobbo, Columba Vakuru, Tony Joannis, Isabella Monne, Clement Meseko
Summary: Research on H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Nigeria has shown zoonotic potential and the presence of different virus clusters in the country, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of live bird markets to prevent economic losses and public health threats.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Carsten Kirkeby, Michael P. Ward
Summary: Avian influenza is becoming a growing problem in Europe and worldwide. Simulation models are useful tools for predicting the risk of avian influenza spread and evaluating control measures. Estimates of transmission parameters vary widely based on virus type, pathogenicity, species, study type, and poultry flock unit.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erica Espano, Sang-Mu Shim, Eun-Jung Song, Jeong-Hyun Nam, Seo-Hee Jeong, Bill Thaddeus Padasas, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ki Kim
Summary: Surveillance of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in migratory waterfowl is important for understanding their ecology and pathogenicity. In South Korea, fecal samples were collected from migratory bird stopover sites between November 2014 and January 2018. Out of 6758 samples, 75 were positive for IAV (1.11% positivity). The most prevalent subtypes were H1, H6, and H5 for HA, and N1, N3, and N2 for NA. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering with isolates from other locations along the flyway. Majority of the IAVs were of low pathogenicity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hong Bo, Ye Zhang, Li-Bo Dong, Jie Dong, Xi-Yan Li, Xiang Zhao, Zi Li, Yue-Long Shu, Da-Yan Wang
Summary: The study revealed significant variations in the geographic and seasonal distributions of avian influenza viruses across the 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. Multiple subtypes of AlVs were found in different environmental samples related to poultry and wild birds, with higher nucleic acid positivity rates detected in samples collected from live poultry markets and poultry slaughterhouses.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Soo Hyun Moon, Woonsung Na, Seongho Shin, Hyunil Kim, Ji Yeong Noh, Seong Sik Jang, Min Chan Kim, Hyun A. Lim, Ha Yeon Kim, Da Young Mun, Sun-Woo Yoon, Hye Kwon Kim
Summary: In this study, a one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay was developed to accurately detect G4 and related EA H1N1 viruses. The method showed specificity for different influenza virus subtypes and successfully detected a virus related to G4 EA H1N1 strains in field samples.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)