Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eyob Abera Mesfin, Matthias Merker, Dereje Beyene, Abreham Tesfaye, Yassir Adam Shuaib, Desalegn Addise, Belay Tessema, Stefan Niemann
Summary: In this study, the performance of a Sanger sequencing approach to predict resistance against anti-tuberculosis drugs was assessed in Ethiopia. The results showed a high agreement between Sanger sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, making it a promising complementary measure for routine testing in Ethiopia.
Article
Microbiology
Anna Vyazovaya, Alena Gerasimova, Regina Mudarisova, Daria Terentieva, Natalia Solovieva, Viacheslav Zhuravlev, Igor Mokrousov
Summary: The Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the predominant family in Northwestern Russia, with a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains. Central Asian/Russian and B0/W148 sublineages were identified, and the latter exhibited a higher frequency of MDR compared to the former. Various profiles and clusters were observed in the Beijing strains, with some types showing a high prevalence of MDR and others consisting only of drug-susceptible strains. The transmission of MDR B0/W148 strains is contributing to the increase in MDR-TB cases in the region.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Y. Liu, Y. Sun, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Q. Xing, W. Ren, C. Yao, J. Yu, B. Ding, S. Wang, C. Li
Summary: This study investigated the frequency and distribution of gene mutations related to INH and RIF resistance in MDR-TB strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Beijing, China. The majority of MDR strains belonged to the Beijing genotype, but the mutations were not significantly higher in this genotype. The high prevalence of specific mutations poses a major challenge to TB control in the region, and molecular diagnostics based on gene mutations proved to be an effective method for rapid detection of MDR-TB in Beijing, China.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Fathiah Zakham, Tarja Sironen, Olli Vapalahti, Ravi Kant
Summary: This study aimed to conduct a comparative genome analysis of human adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species, including BCG vaccine strains, to identify and pinpoint conserved genes related to virulence across all species. The core genome consists of 1166 conserved genes among these species, representing a small portion of the 7036 genes in the pan-genome, suggesting potential for vaccine candidate development.
Article
Microbiology
Chendi Zhu, Tingting Yang, Jinfeng Yin, Hui Jiang, Howard E. Takiff, Qian Gao, Qingyun Liu, Weimin Li
Summary: The recent population dynamics of the global tuberculosis epidemic are influenced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains with enhanced transmissibility, particularly the Beijing family strain. This study analyzed genome sequences of L2.3 strains from 51 countries and found that L2.3 diversified into six phylogenetic clades, with the three recently emerged clades being more transmissible than the older clades.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Katrine M. Paulsen, Alaka Lamsal, Srijana Bastakoti, John H. -O. Pettersson, Benedikte N. Pedersen, Karin Stiasny, Mats Haglund, Teemu Smura, Olli Vapalahti, Rose Vikse, Kristian Alfsnes, Ashild K. Andreassen
Summary: This study successfully sequenced and characterized two strains of TBEV virus, confirming their European and Asian subtypes and demonstrating the suitability and rapidness of high-throughput sequencing for obtaining complete TBEV genomes.
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Tais Ramalho dos Anjos, Vinicius Silva Castro, Edson Silva Machado Filho, Philip Noel Suffys, Harrison Magdinier Gomes, Rafael Silva Duarte, Eduardo Eustaquio de Souza Figueiredo, Ricardo Cesar Tavares Carvalho
Summary: This study characterized and studied the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis in cattle circulating in Mato Grosso using whole genome sequencing. The results showed high genetic diversity and the potential presence of multiple transmission routes. Therefore, the use of genome sequencing as a control and monitoring tool is crucial for determining these transmission routes.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Cyril Conde, Julien Theze, Thierry Cochard, Marie-Noelle Rossignol, Christine Fourichon, Arnaud Delafosse, Alain Joly, Raphael Guatteo, Laurent Schibler, John P. Bannantine, Franck Biet
Summary: Paratuberculosis is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle and other ruminants. This study used whole-genome sequencing to analyze 200 field strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, revealing the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of the strains.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mikhail V. Fursov, Egor A. Shitikov, Denis A. Lagutkin, Anastasiia D. Fursova, Elena A. Ganina, Tatiana I. Kombarova, Natalia S. Grishenko, Tatiana I. Rudnitskaya, Dmitry A. Bespiatykh, Nadezhda V. Kolupaeva, Viktoria V. Firstova, Lubov V. Domotenko, Anna E. Panova, Anatoliy S. Vinokurov, Vladimir A. Gushchin, Artem P. Tkachuk, Irina A. Vasilyeva, Vasiliy D. Potapov, Ivan A. Dyatlov
Summary: The study assessed the virulence of two clinical M. tuberculosis strains on C57BL/6 mice and found that the drug-resistant strain 267/47 caused more harm to the mice compared to strain H37Rv. The cytokine response in the lungs of infected mice also differed between the strains.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Shengqiong Guo, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Shiguang Lei
Summary: This study compared the major gene mutations related to rifampicin and isoniazid drug resistance between Beijing and non-Beijing genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results showed that mutations in the rpoB and katG genes were significantly more common in the Beijing strain, while there was insufficient evidence to support higher mutation prevalence in the non-Beijing strain for inhA and oxyR-ahpC genes. This information provides a reference basis for clinical medication selection.
Article
Microbiology
Nicolas Gisch, Christian Utpatel, Lisa M. Gronbach, Thomas A. Kohl, Ursula Schombel, Sven Malm, Karen M. Dobos, Danny C. Hesser, Roland Diel, Udo Goetsch, Silke Gerdes, Yassir A. Shuaib, Nyanda E. Ntinginya, Celso Khosa, Sofia Viegas, Glennah Kerubo, Solomon Ali, Sahal A. Al-Hajoj, Perpetual W. Ndung'u, Andrea Rachow, Michael Hoelscher, Florian P. Maurer, Dominik Schwudke, Stefan Niemann, Norbert Reiling, Susanne Homolka
Summary: Using whole genome sequencing, we characterized the global population structure of Lineage 1 (L1) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and correlated this with the synthesis of phenolic glycolipids (PGL) - known virulence factors. Our results revealed eight major L1 sub-lineages with specific mutation signatures in PGL biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, we found that strains with abolished PGL biosynthesis showed enhanced growth in human macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pauline Quagliaro, Samira Dziri, Fatma Magdoud El Alaoui, Patrick Saint Louis, Loic de Pontual, Julie Marin, Etienne Carbonnelle, Typhaine Billard-Pomares
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of two bioinformatics tools for the analysis of whole-genome sequences of MTBC strains, finding similar results in terms of resistance and susceptibility. Both tools were deemed easy to use and efficient, providing a complementary approach to phenotypic methods for studying MTBC strains.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Takashi Kikuchi, Masaki Nakamura, Yushi Hachisu, Shinichiro Hirai, Eiji Yokoyama
Summary: The prevalence of pECT07 and its variants among modern Beijing strains in Chiba Prefecture was found through MLVA and DWGS analysis, suggesting that this prevalence was not due to an earlier large-scale latent outbreak.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Y. H. Liang, Fabini D. Orata, Yann F. Boucher, Rebecca J. Case
Summary: The study reviewed taxonomic classifications of 331 type strains within the Rhodobacteraceae family through whole-genome phylogenetic and genotypic analyses combined with meta-analysis of phenotypic data. Representatives of the roseobacter clade were found to have different environmental adaptions and were distinct based on genomic, phylogenetic, and in silico-predicted phenotypic data. Misidentification was shown to be more problematic at the genus level, resulting in 327 reclassified species and 128 genera within the family.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tomotada Iwamoto, Kentaro Arikawa, Yoshiro Murase, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Yukiko Nishiuchi, Nobuya Kusunoki, Riyo Fujiyama, Satoshi Mitarai
Summary: This study explores the heterogeneity in transmission dynamics among the sublineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineage 2 (L2) among the elderly population in Japan. The research finds that elderly patients have lower genomic clustering rates and longer terminal branch lengths compared to non-elderly patients. The increase in the proportion of foreign-born patients in Japan may contribute to the diversity of Mtb strains. The L2.2.A sublineage is associated with elderly patients and has lower transmission rates, while L2.2.Modern is strongly associated with younger and foreign-born patients and exhibits high transmissibility. Additionally, three other major sublineages (L2.2.AA2, L2.2.AA3.1, and L2.2.AA3.2) show consistent increases in cluster rates, indicating their relatively recent emergence as endemic sublineages in Japan.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Glenn Flores, Fernando Mendoza, Michael B. Brimacombe, Willie Frazier
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of the RAPID program on supporting and advancing diverse early-career faculty in general pediatrics, finding that the program was effective in promoting career development and increasing the performance and influence of underrepresented minority scholars in academia.
Article
Neurosciences
Sylvia Ounpuu, Erin Garibay, Gyula Acsadi, Michael Brimacombe, Kristan Pierz
Summary: The study showed that ankle foot orthoses can improve walking velocity and selected ankle kinematics and kinetics in children with CMT. However, the effectiveness of AFOs may vary for patients with different ankle kinematic characteristics.
Article
Orthopedics
Lilah Fones, Andrew E. Jimenez, Chris Cheng, Nicole Chevalier, Michael B. Brimacombe, Andrew Cohen, J. Lee Pace
Summary: This study analyzed the incidence of osteochondral damage in patients with patellar instability, finding a significant association between trochlear dysplasia and the occurrence of OD. However, the frequency of dislocation and patient demographic characteristics were not significantly related to OD.
ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jeffrey S. Hyams, Michael Brimacombe, Yael Haberman, Thomas Walters, Greg Gibson, Angela Mo, David Mack, Anne Griffiths, Brendan Boyle, Neal LeLeiko, James Markowitz, Joel Rosh, Ashish Patel, Sapana Shah, Robert Baldassano, Marian Pfefferkorn, Cary Sauer, Joelynn Dailey, Suresh Venkateswaran, Subra Kugathasan, Lee A. Denson
Summary: This study developed a model for predicting the risk of colectomy in children newly diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. The findings suggest that a small group of children with severe UC still require colectomy despite current therapies. The gene signature observations provide additional targets for managing patients who do not respond to current medical treatments.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joelynn Dailey, Lina Kozhaya, Mikail Dogan, Dena Hopkins, Blaine Lapin, Katherine Herbst, Michael Brimacombe, Kristen Grandonico, Faith Karabacak, John Schreiber, Bruce Tsan-Liang Liang, Juan C. Salazar, Derya Unutmaz, Jeffrey S. Hyams
Summary: The study found that IBD patients receiving biologic therapies have lower and less durable neutralizing antibody response to natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, putting them at risk of reinfection. However, after vaccination, patients had a significantly stronger antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, indicating potential protection against the virus.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kristan Pierz, Michael Brimacombe, Sylvia Ounpuu
Summary: Percutaneous hamstring lengthening significantly improves knee function in children with cerebral palsy, but may result in increased anterior pelvic tilt specifically for patients at GMFCS level III.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katherine Baldwin, Alexa Goldfarb, Michael Brimacombe, Dena Hopkins, Jeffrey S. Hyams
Summary: This study assessed the effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX) as primary maintenance therapy in pediatric Crohn disease (CD) and identified baseline predictive factors. The results showed that MTX may have a primary maintenance role in mild/moderate CD and is well tolerated in most patients.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shikha Sarkar, Michael Brimacombe, Victor Herson
Summary: This study retrospectively observed the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate (CRYO) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and found that a large proportion of transfusions were not supported by evidence-based medicine, indicating the need for improvement in their use.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Raina Sinha, Michael Brimacombe, Jennifer C. Romano
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of gender on surgeons in the field of congenital heart surgery. A cross-sectional survey found that women experience more barriers and negative effects of gender in their professional career, clinical practice, and personal life compared to men. Women reported lower salaries, academic ranks, and higher rates of sexual harassment.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
J. Lee Pace, Mauricio Drummond, Michael Brimacombe, Chris Cheng, David Chiu, S. Brandon Luczak, Jeffrey B. Shroff, Francine Zeng, Greg M. Kanski, Rafael Kakazu, Andrew Cohen
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between relative tibial external rotation and trochlear dysplasia, as well as the location of the trochlear groove and tibial tubercle in patients with and without patellar instability. The results show that relative tibial external rotation is significantly associated with trochlear dysplasia and that the position of the trochlear groove is more medial in patients with patellar instability. The study also finds that the tibial tubercle to trochlear groove distance is associated with multiple anatomical measurements.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Kimberley Roche, Siddika Mulchan, Lauren Ayr-Volta, Megan Elias, Michael Brimacombe, Cecelia Morello, Katherine A. Hinderer
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of two psychological interventions on pediatric healthcare workers' mental well-being. The results showed that both gratitude journaling and cognitive strategies were associated with reduced depression and anxiety scores, although the changes were not statistically significant. This study highlights the importance of improving the mental health of healthcare workers, but further research with larger samples is needed.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, General & Internal
K. Schissler, S. Stewart, T. Phamduy, M. Brimacombe, I. Waynik, E. Hoppa
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Allergy
Jessica Hollenbach, Melanie Collins, Michael Brimacombe, Alexander Hogan
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Alexander H. Hogan, Michael Brimacombe, Maua Mosha, Glenn Flores
Summary: This study compares traditional models and artificial neural-network modeling and finds that the neural network model can identify more readmission risk factors and complex factor interactions.
ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joelynn Dailey, Jeffrey S. Hyams, Dena Hopkins, Kristen Grandonico, Michael Brimacombe, Blaine Lapin, John Schreiber, Lina Kozhaya, Mikail Dogan, Lindsey Placek, Stephanie Renzullo, Courtney L. Gunter, Juan C. Salazar, Derya Unutmaz