Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Boyan Zhang, Folkert Kuipers, Jan Freark de Boer, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
Summary: This review evaluates the potential of new drugs targeting bile acid metabolism in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases, NAFLD, and NASH. The review also explores the impact of changes in bile acid metabolism on plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiovascular outcomes. The findings highlight the need for further research on the interactions between bile acid and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Phillipp Hartmann, Yi Duan, Yukiko Miyamoto, Munevver Demir, Sonja Lang, Elda Hasa, Patrick Stern, Dennis Yamashita, Mary Conrad, Lars Eckmann, Bernd Schnabl
Summary: In this study, colesevelam was found to improve Western diet-induced steatohepatitis and obesity in microbiome-humanized mouse model. It reduced weight gain, improved hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, and increased bile acid synthesis while decreasing cholesterol content in the liver.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Noemi Cabre, Yi Duan, Cristina Llorente, Mary Conrad, Patrick Stern, Dennis Yamashita, Bernd Schnabl
Summary: The bile acid sequestrant colesevelam was found to alleviate ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice, although it did not significantly impact liver injury and inflammation.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Muhammad Shahidul Islam, Anjiya Sharif, Nathania Kwan, Kam C. Tam
Summary: Bile acids are endogenous steroid nucleus containing signaling molecules that regulate multiple metabolic processes. Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) are drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia or dyslipidemia and have been proven to be safe and effective. Recent studies have also shown that they can reduce glucose levels.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Francesca Falangone, Davide Montanari, Federica Capuani, Giada Mastel, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea, but its prevalence is not well studied. Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) occurs due to dysregulation of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids. The gold standard for diagnosing and assessing the severity of BAD is currently the selenium homotaurocholic acid test, but other serum markers are being validated for clinical use. The first-line treatment for BAD is bile acid sequestrants, but further diagnostics are needed for patients who do not respond to this treatment. Early and accurate diagnosis of BAD can improve patients' quality of life and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. More research is needed to explore alternative therapeutic approaches for BAD, such as gut microbiota modulating therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
June Tome, Kanika Sehgal, Amrit K. Kamboj, William S. Harmsen, Sahil Khanna, Darrell S. Pardi
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of bile acid sequestrants (BAS) in microscopic colitis (MC) and found that nearly two-thirds of patients had a partial or complete response. In addition, bile acid testing did not have a significant role in predicting treatment response, and further research is needed to determine the role of BAS and bile acid malabsorption in MC.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Joanna Lewek, Maciej Banach
Summary: Despite the physiological elevation of lipid values during pregnancy, evidence suggests that it may be associated with adverse events. Bile acid sequestrants are the only approved lipid-lowering drugs for treatment during pregnancy, while statins are still not recommended but may have potential benefits in certain cases.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Magdalena-Cristina Stanciu, Marieta Nichifor, Carmen-Alice Teaca
Summary: Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) are safe and effective non-systemic therapeutic agents used for managing hypercholesterolemia. They are cationic polymeric gels that bind bile salts in the small intestine and eliminate them through excretion. This review provides an overview of bile acids, the characteristics and mechanisms of action of BASs, as well as the chemical structures and synthesis methods of commercial and potential BASs. The article also discusses the potential of molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) and their selective binding properties. The importance of understanding the relationship between the chemical structure of BASs and their hypolipidemic activities is emphasized.
Article
Microbiology
Aditi Kumar, Mohammed Nabil Quraishi, Hafid O. Al-Hassi, Mohammed E. El-Asrag, Jonathan P. Segal, Manushri Jain, Helen Steed, Jeffrey Butterworth, Adam Farmer, John Mclaughlin, Andrew Beggs, Matthew J. Brookes
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the microbiome in different cohorts of patients with bile acid diarrhea (BAD) and determine if treatment with the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam could alter the microbiome. The study found that BAD patients had reduced microbiome diversity, but patients who responded to colesevelam treatment had increased abundance of certain bacteria. This is the first study to examine the treatment effects on the microbiome in BAD, suggesting a possible association between colesevelam and the microbiome through bile acid modulation in clinical responders.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yumiao Feng, Qian Li, Ge Ou, Meiyan Yang, Lina Du
Summary: Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have the potential to lower plasma cholesterol, improve glycemic control, and regulate energy metabolism; different types of BAS exhibit varying abilities to bind to bile acids, stability, and in-vivo activity; increasing evidence suggests the important roles of bile acids not only in lipid metabolism but also in glucose metabolism.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Jingxuan Wang, Wouter Bakker, Weijia Zheng, Laura de Haan, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, Hans Bouwmeester
Summary: This study found that deoxynivalenol (DON) inhibits the reabsorption of bile acids in the intestines by reducing the expression of bile acid transporters. This has an impact on the metabolism of bile acids in the intestines. The results of this study provide new insights into the hazards of DON exposure.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David P. Sonne
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis, with bile acids being recognized as metabolic regulators impacting lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an important component of the bile acid-sensing system that affects bile acid pool size and metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Natural and synthetic FXR agonists, as well as FXR-regulated factors like fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), are being evaluated as potential treatments for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kevin M. Tveter, Esther Mezhibovsky, Yue Wu, Diana E. Roopchand
Summary: Beyond their role as emulsifiers of lipophilic compounds, bile acids (BAs) are signaling endocrine molecules that show differential affinity and specificity for a variety of canonical and non-canonical BA receptors. Dysregulation of BA metabolism or signaling has emerged as a feature of chronic disease. Dietary polyphenols are associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, hepatobiliary and cardiovascular disease by altering the gut microbial community, the BA pool, and BA signaling. This review provides an overview of BA metabolism and summarizes studies linking the cardiometabolic improvements of dietary polyphenols to their modulation of BA metabolism and signaling pathways, and the gut microbiota.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Liang Huang, Wei Wei, Xiaomei Huang, Xuejing Li, Haisha Liu, Lanlan Gui, Jinping Jiang, Linfei Wan, Xiangxiang Zhou, Jingsong Ding, Xuehua Jiang, Bikui Zhang, Ke Lan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of high-fat diets on the pharmacokinetics of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and the circulating bile salt levels. The results showed that high-fat diets delayed the absorption of UDCA but enhanced its metabolite. However, the high-fat diets also led to an increase in circulating hydrophobic bile salts, which may limit the effectiveness of UDCA.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Samy A. Azer, Rana Hasanato
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bile acids as markers of liver dysfunction, however, results showed inconsistencies and a lack of solid evidence to support the use of bile acids as biomarkers of liver injury.
