期刊
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
卷 124, 期 5, 页码 2000-2008出版社
AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC
DOI: 10.1172/JCI72950
关键词
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资金
- Wellcome Trust [WT088148MF, WT069991, 089966]
- Medical Research Council [MR/J008176/1]
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre
- Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine
- British Infection Society
- MRC [MR/J008176/1, MR/K000373/1, G0501476] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [1374929] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/J008176/1, MR/K000373/1, G0501476] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [CL-2012-20-001] Funding Source: researchfish
Background. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a leading cause of HIV-associated mortality globally. High fungal burden in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnosis and poor fungal clearance during treatment are recognized adverse prognostic markers; however, the underlying pathogenic factors that drive these clinical manifestations are incompletely understood. We profiled a large set of clinical isolates for established cryptococcal virulence traits to evaluate the contribution of C. neoformans phenotypic diversity to clinical presentation and outcome in human cryptococcosis. Methods. Sixty-five C. neoformans isolates from clinical trial patients with matched clinical data were assayed in vitro to determine murine macrophage uptake, intracellular proliferation rate (IPR), capsule induction, and laccase activity. Analysis of the correlation between prognostic clinical and host immune parameters and fungal phenotypes was performed using Spearman's r, while the fungal-dependent impact on long-term survival was determined by Cox regression analysis. Results. High levels of fungal uptake by macrophages in vitro, but not the IPR, were associated with CSF fungal burden (r = 0.38, P = 0.002) and long-term patient survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.5, P = 0.012). High-uptake strains were hypocapsular (r = -0.28, P = 0.05) and exhibited enhanced laccase activity (r = 0.36, P = 0.003). Fungal isolates with greater laccase activity exhibited heightened survival ex vivo in purified CSF (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001) and resistance to clearance following patient antifungal treatment (r = 0.39, P = 0.003). Conclusion. These fmdings underscore the contribution of cryptococcal-phagocyte interactions and laccase-dependent melanin pathways to human clinical presentation and outcome. Furthermore, characterization of fungal-specific pathways that drive clinical manifestation provide potential targets for the development of therapeutics and the management of CM.
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