Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ke Mo, Yu Zhang, Zheng Dong, Yuhang Yang, Xiaoqiang Ma, Ben L. Feringa, Depeng Zhao
Summary: Scientists have designed synthetic molecular motors that can be driven by chemical energy and have intrinsic control over the direction of rotation, simple autonomous motion, and near-perfect unidirectionality. This study demonstrates the potential for future generations of multicomponent machines to perform mechanical functions.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ruslan Garifullin, Mustafa O. Guler
Summary: This review discusses the use of self-assembling peptide molecules and electroactive units in supramolecular functional electronic and optical materials, with potential biomedical and bioelectronics applications.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Traian Constantin, Mihai Pavalean, Stefana Bucur, Maria Magdalena Constantin, Alin Codrut Nicolescu, Irina Pacu, Victor Madan
Summary: Bladder cancer animal models can be categorized as either autochthonous or non-autochthonous, with the non-autochthonous models further classified into syngeneic and xenograft models. These models have different characteristics and applications based on the type of tumor implantation.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Hong-Yi Lin, Shang-Feng Bao, Tao Yu, Wen-Jian Shi, Xiao-Hua Huang, Rui-Zhen Mu, Jian-Jian Ruan
Summary: Researchers present a continuous-wave alexandrite laser pumped by a red laser diode, achieving high optical-to-optical efficiency and slope efficiency. Additionally, the performance parameters and tuning range of the continuous-wave degenerated optical parametric generator in an alexandrite crystal are reported.
INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mariusz Ksiazek
Summary: The author explores the potential use of polymerized sulfur waste as a biocompatible material in biomaterial production, particularly in surgical applications. Experimental studies have demonstrated that polymerized sulfur waste shows promise as a biocomposite, opening up new possibilities for the industry.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alana N. Vagnozzi, Jian-Guo Li, Jin Chiu, Roshanak Razmpour, Rebecca Warfield, Servio H. Ramirez, Domenico Pratico
Summary: VPS35 plays a crucial role in tau metabolism and neuropathology, with its overexpression reducing pathological tau in neuronal cells while genetic silencing leads to accumulation. The availability of active cathepsin D mediates the effect of VPS35 on pathological tau accumulation, making it a potential therapeutic target for human tauopathies.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Etedal Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Ghada A. Mutaal Badri, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla Omer
Summary: The study found that environmental conditions were the most common triggers of migraine headache among Sudanese patients, while Acetaminophen was the most commonly used drug for relieving migraine in this population. The majority of patients were female (80%), aged 26-35 years (56.9%), and a significant proportion were housewives (40%).
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Ahmad Fekry Moussa, Ibrahim Suleiman Al Qatawneh, Moustafa Elmetwaly Kandeel
Summary: This study focuses on the procedural necessity of primary investigations in the Arab countries, particularly in Egypt. It analyzes the position of the Arab procedural legislation and judiciary systems regarding procedural necessity and argues against expanding discretionary powers that may lead to abuse of officials and restrict individual rights and freedoms.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yin Lu, Qin Ma, Xiaolu Xu, Zhefu Yu, Tianjiao Guo, Yangkai Wu
Summary: The study showed that exposure to poly styrene microplastics (PS-MPs) can lead to increased apoptosis and cell death, higher micronucleus rate, and reduced mitotic index in V. faba root cells. Additionally, it causes significant oxidative stress by altering the expression of antioxidant enzymes and genes related to cell cycle and DNA repair.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Gabriel Koch Ocker
Summary: This study presents a statistical field theory for networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with stochastic spike emission, revealing the impact of spike-driven reset of the membrane voltage on population activity. The study uncovers bistability and fluctuation effects in the mean-field dynamics, as well as the roles of spike resets and recurrent inhibition in stabilizing network activity. It also calculates the phase diagram for inhibitory stabilization and finds that wide regions of parameter space exhibit inhibition-stabilized regime.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
James Dufty, Jeffrey Wrighton, Kai Luo
Summary: This article considers definitions for local pressure in an inhomogeneous fluid, covering both equilibrium and local equilibrium states, and reconciles thermodynamic and mechanical (hydrodynamic) contexts. Remaining problems and uncertainties in the topic are also discussed.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Pavel Machek, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Marketa Jarosova, Hasan Sh Majdi, Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji
Summary: In this study, pure CeO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a solution combustion synthesis method. The CeO2 nanoparticles exhibit a narrow and uniform particle size distribution, as well as ferromagnetic property. They also possess high photocatalytic degradation capability under UV irradiation.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter C. Chu
Summary: In ocean dynamics, two different treatments are found for horizontal pressure gradient force and gravity, with vertical component being much larger than horizontal in both cases. Horizontal pressure gradient force is considered dominant, while horizontal gravity is completely omitted in oceanography. The importance of horizontal gravity is identified using a non-dimensional C number, with global data showing an unexpectedly large C number around 24.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Olga Garanina, Nidal Al Said, Valery Stepenko, Marija Troyanskaya
Summary: The study developed and tested an original model illustrating personality development in the information society, finding that its implementation increased students' use of resources for personal growth. The model's practical value lies in its applicability to higher education systems in various countries, especially in the context of distance learning and social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jiangkuan Xing, Ryoichi Kurose, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: Researchers have developed a new tool for establishing solid fuel conversion kinetics from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements using chemistry-informed machine learning approaches. The derived pyrolysis kinetics accurately reproduce the pyrolysis process for different biomass types and demonstrate advantages in predicting volatiles yield.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yin Tong, Priscilla S. W. Cheng, Chung Sze Or, Sarah S. K. Yue, Hoi Cheong Siu, Siu Lun Ho, Simon Y. K. Law, Wai Yin Tsui, Dessy Chan, Stephanie Ma, Siu Po Lee, Annie S. Y. Chan, April S. Chan, Shui Wa Yun, Ho Sang Hui, Siu Tsan Yuen, Suet Yi Leung, Helen H. N. Yan
Summary: Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions play a critical role in gastric cancer progression, especially in gastric cancer with dysregulated RHO signaling.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ka-Hei Lam, Stephanie Ma
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition to intrinsic regulators, extrinsic regulators in the tumor microenvironment also play a crucial role in the regulation of CSCs.
Article
Cell Biology
Kyungeun Kim, Kris Ylaya, Candice Perry, Mi-Yeon Lee, Jeong Won Kim, Joon-Yong Chung, Stephen M. Hewitt
Summary: Water is a crucial factor for protein and RNA degradation in stored tissue sections, and storage conditions can affect the expression of certain key proteins and RNA integrity in breast tissue.
BIOPRESERVATION AND BIOBANKING
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tsz Lam Matthew Wong, Tin-Lok Wong, Lei Zhou, Kwan Man, James Purcell, Terence K. Lee, Jing-Ping Yun, Stephanie Ma
Summary: In this study, a kinase called protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) was identified as a significantly upregulated molecule in advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Functional and signaling studies revealed that PTK7 can enhance the metastatic potential of HCC cells by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings suggest that PTK7 could be a potential target for antimetastatic therapies.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xia Wang, Hongyang Huang, Karen Man-Fong Sze, Jin Wang, Lu Tian, Jingyi Lu, Yu-Man Tsui, Hoi Tang Ma, Eva Lee, Ao Chen, Joyce Lee, Ying Wang, Judy Wai Ping Yam, Tan-To Cheung, Xinyuan Guan, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Summary: The study found that S100A10 plays an important role in the progression of HCC by transferring in extracellular vesicles (EV-S100A10) and regulating the protein cargoes of EVs. EV-S100A10 may be a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for HCC progression.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yung-Tuen Chiu, Abdullah Husain, Karen Man-Fong Sze, Daniel Wai-Hung Ho, Eliana Mary Senires Suarez, Xia Wang, Eva Lee, Hoi-Tang Ma, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Lo-Kong Chan, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Summary: This study identified Mid-line 1 interacting protein 1 (MID1IP1) as a key gene in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was found that MID1IP1 promoted HCC migration and invasion by upregulating FOS like 1 (FRA1) and subsequently activating MMP9 signaling. Targeting the MID1IP1-mediated FRA1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy against HCC progression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dongdong Yan, Di Cui, Yun Zhu, Cecilia Ka Wing Chan, Chung Hang Jonathan Choi, Tengfei Liu, Nikki P. Y. Lee, Simon Law, Sai Wah Tsao, Stephanie Ma, Annie Lai Man Cheung
Summary: This study found that the expression of Cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) and ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EphB4) was significantly upregulated in exosomes derived from serglycin (SRGN)-overexpressing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells (SRGN Exo). SRGN Exo promoted ESCC cell invasion and tumor angiogenesis by upregulating M6PR, and enhanced ESCC cell invasion through upregulating EphB4. The expression levels of M6PR and EphB4 in the serum were positively correlated with SRGN expression levels in ESCC patients, and high serum M6PR levels were associated with poor overall survival rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Tina Suoangbaji, Vanilla Xin Zhang, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
Summary: Primary liver cancer (PLC), including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Surgical resection and liver transplantation are curative therapies for PLC, but many cases are inoperable and have a high rate of recurrence. Mouse models and single-cell RNA sequencing have played crucial roles in understanding PLC and identifying potential targets for treatment. This review summarizes recent studies that used these approaches, focusing on cellular and molecular components, and discusses the potential insights they can provide.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yi Xu, Yue Yao, Liang Yu, Hiu Ling Fung, Alexander Hin Ning Tang, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Melody Y. M. Wong, Chi-Ming Che, Jing Ping Yun, Yunfu Cui, Judy Wai Ping Yam
Summary: This study reveals the role of CLTA in the uptake of sEVs to promote HCC progression. CLTA is overexpressed in tumor tissues compared to non-tumorous liver tissues and increases progressively with tumor stage. CLTA contributes to sEV uptake in cells, leading to enhanced cancerous properties of HCC. Mechanistically, CLTA increases CAPG expression to facilitate sEV uptake, thereby promoting proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of HCC cells. Additionally, the CLTA inhibitor Pitstop 2 alone or in combination with sorafenib attenuated tumor growth in mice implanted with PDXs.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacinth Wing-Sum Cheu, David Kung-Chun Chiu, Kenneth Kin-Leung Kwan, Chunxue Yang, Vincent Wai-Hin Yuen, Chi Ching Goh, Noreen Nog-Qin Chui, Wei Shen, Cheuk-Ting Law, Qidong Li, Misty Shuo Zhang, Macus Hao-Ran Bao, Bowie Po -Yee Wong, Cerise Yuen-Ki Chan, Cindy Xinqi Liu, Grace Fu -Wan Sit, Zher Yee Ooi, Haijing Deng, Aki Pui-Wah Tse, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
Summary: Hypoxia-induced adenosine creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and dampens the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). HIF-1 orchestrates adenosine efflux through activation of MXI1 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4, leading to adenosine accumulation in cancer cells and elevated extracellular adenosine levels. The immunosuppressive role of adenosine on immune cells was confirmed in vitro assays, and therapeutic combination of adenosine receptor antagonists and anti-PD-1 prolonged survival of HCC-bearing mice. This study highlights the importance of targeting adenosine in overcoming immune resistance in HCC.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Philip C. Haycock, Maria Carolina Borges, Kimberley Burrows, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Stephen Burgess, Nikhil K. Khankari, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Tom R. Gaunt, Gibran Hemani, Jie Zheng, Therese Truong, Brenda M. Birmann, Tracy OMara, Amanda B. Spurdle, Mark M. Iles, Matthew H. Law, Susan L. Slager, Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh, Daniela Mariosa, Michelle Cotterchio, James R. Cerhan, Ulrike Peters, Stefan Enroth, Puya Gharahkhani, Loic Le Marchand, Ann C. Williams, Robert C. Block, Christopher I. Amos, Rayjean J. Hung, Wei Zheng, Marc J. Gunter, George Davey Smith, Caroline Relton, Richard M. Martin
Summary: Using Mendelian randomization, this study found that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be causally related to colorectal cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but they also increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease.
Article
Pathology
Kristy Kwan-Shuen Chan, Kwan-Yung Au, Long-Hin Suen, Bernice Leung, Cheuk-Yan Wong, Wei-Qiang Leow, Tony Kiat-Hon Lim, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Clive Yik-Sham Chung, Regina Cheuk-Lam Loz
Summary: The study reveals the functional role of sortilin in hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating the cancer secretome and deregulated lipid metabolism.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samuel Wan Ki Wong, Sze Keong Tey, Xiaowen Mao, Hiu Ling Fung, Zhi-Jie Xiao, Danny Ka Ho Wong, Lung-Yi Mak, Man-Fung Yuen, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Jing Ping Yun, Yi Gao, Judy Wai Ping Yam
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and dissemination are driven by tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and the upregulation of von Willibrand factor (vWF) along HCC stages. Elevated sEV-vWF levels promote angiogenesis, tumor-endothelial adhesion, pulmonary vascular leakiness, and metastasis in late-stage HCC patients. sEV-vWF modulates endothelial cells through increased VEGF-A and FGF2 levels, with FGF2 stimulating a positive feedback response in HCC via the FGFR4/ERK1 signaling pathway. Blocking tumor-endothelial intercellular communication through anti-vWF antibody or FGFR inhibitor improves the treatment outcome of sorafenib in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy.
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaozhe Zhang, Gao Shan, Na Li, Jingyi Chen, Changyang Ji, Xiaoxiao Li, Liwen Jiang, Terence Kin Wah Lee, Vincent W. Keng, Yanxiang Zhao
Summary: TNBC is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with autophagy defect. A peptide called Tat-SP4 was developed to induce autophagy and promote endolysosomal trafficking in TNBC cells, leading to autosis cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuan Gao, Man Tong, Tin-Lok Wong, Kai-Yu Ng, Yu-Nong Xie, Zhaowei Wang, Huajian Yu, Jia-Jian Loh, Meng Li, Stephanie Ma
Summary: This study investigates the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. URB1-antisense RNA 1 (AS1), a ferroptosis-related lncRNA, was found to be highly expressed in sorafenib-resistant HCC samples and predict poor survival in HCC. URB1-AS1 mitigates sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by inducing ferritin phase separation and reducing cellular free iron content.