Article
Immunology
Dandan Yang, Xueqiang Zhao, Xin Lin
Summary: Bcl10 plays a critical role in the development and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, deficiency of which leads to impaired development and suppressive function of Treg cells, even causing lethal autoimmunity. Bcl10-deficient Treg cells can undergo conversion into proinflammatory cells and decrease in effector Treg cell populations. The study provides genetic evidence that Bcl10 is essential for Treg cell development and function.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nirupama D. Verma, Andrew D. Lam, Christopher Chiu, Giang T. Tran, Bruce M. Hall, Suzanne J. Hodgkinson
Summary: The study found significant shifts in CD4(+) T cell subpopulations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with reduced resting Treg, increased activated Treg, and increased effector CD4(+) cells. Additionally, some MS patients showed reduced CCR6(+)Th17-like Treg, which may contribute to the activity of MS.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jessica G. Lee, Kathleen E. Jaeger, Yoichi Seki, Yi Wei Lim, Christina Cunha, Aleksandra Vuchkovska, Alexander J. Nelson, Anya Nikolai, Dan Kim, Michael Nishimura, Katherine L. Knight, Paula White, Makio Iwashima
Summary: The study reveals that a subset of CD14(+) monocytes can generate regulatory Foxp3(+) T-bet(+) T cells from umbilical cord blood, which suppress T-cell proliferation and ameliorate graft-versus-host disease. Additionally, adult peripheral blood monocytes are capable of inducing Foxp3(+) T cells, but their induction is inhibited by lymphoid cells from adult peripheral blood in neonates. This suggests a novel immunoregulatory role of monocytes in generating regulatory T cells with implications for both neonates and adults.
Review
Immunology
Shareni Jeyamogan, Joseph R. Leventhal, James M. Mathew, Zheng Jenny Zhang
Summary: Solid organ transplantation (SOT) and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) are the gold-standard treatments for end-stage organ failure and complex tissue defects. However, ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major factor that can negatively impact transplant outcomes. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have immunomodulatory potential and can prevent and mitigate IRI. Increasing the number of Tregs and targeted delivery can improve the outcomes of SOT and VCA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benjamin J. Samelson-Jones, Lindsey A. George
Summary: In vivo gene therapy is rapidly developing as a new treatment approach for monogenic disorders. Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B have been key diseases in the development of gene therapy. Recent adenoassociated viral vector gene addition trials for Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B have shown promising results, with regulatory approval expected in the near future. This review discusses the progress in AAV gene therapy for these diseases and explores the challenges encountered in clinical trials for hemophilia and other monogenic disorders.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan Charaix, Alexia Borelli, Jeremy C. Santamaria, Lionel Chasson, Matthieu Giraud, Arnauld Serge, Magali Irla
Summary: This study reveals that Aire regulates the suppressive signature of recirculating T-reg in the thymus. Specifically, Aire controls the suppressive function of recirculating T-reg by regulating the expression of mTEC, which are responsible for restimulating T-reg.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Farooq Riaz, Zhihui Huang, Fan Pan
Summary: This review discusses the immune-suppressive mechanisms of Treg cells, the post-translational regulations of Foxp3, and the potential therapeutic targets and strategies to target Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. Pharmacological targeting of enzymes involved in PTMs can significantly influence the PTMs of Foxp3, potentially impacting the progression of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jason Cheung, Beata Zahorowska, Michael Suranyi, Jeffrey K. W. Wong, Jason Diep, Stephen T. T. Spicer, Nirupama D. D. Verma, Suzanne J. Hodgkinson, Bruce M. M. Hall
Summary: The immune response to an allograft can activate lymphocytes that cause rejection. The activation of T regulatory cells can reduce allograft rejection and induce immune tolerance. Activated T regulatory cells can be distinguished by various markers. A more detailed characterization of these cells may help reduce non-specific immunosuppression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yun Shi, Jing Zhu, Jin-Qing Liu, Fatemeh Talebian, Mingsong Li, Xue-Feng Bai
Summary: The cell surface protein CD24 has been found to regulate the generation and functions of Treg cells, which play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. While CD24 does not globally affect the thymic generation of Treg cells, it is abundantly expressed on Treg cells and treatment with CD24 antibody enhances their suppressive functions. CD24-deficient Treg cells exhibit increased suppressive functions and are more efficient in inhibiting the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica Handke, Laura Kummer, Markus A. Weigand, Jan Larmann
Summary: The study found that preoperative expansion of Tregs can mitigate the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques induced by surgical stress. This suggests that therapeutic expansion of Tregs prior to major surgery may help prevent cardiovascular events associated with non-cardiac surgery.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
David W. Scott
Summary: The use of CAR transduced T cells and engineered Tregs with specific receptors show great promise in cancer immunotherapy. Methods involving retroviral transduction of specific T-cell receptors, scFv, or antigens for various diseases models are discussed for their potential clinical translation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ling Wang, Wei Chen, Fu-Biao Kang, Ya-Hui Zhang, Li-Li Qi, Ying-Ze Zhang
Summary: Hip fracture patients experience immunological changes, with blood transfusion potentially helping to rebalance the immune response and improve prognosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhang, Shuang Song, Haitao Li, Xinyan Wang, Lianlian Song, Jianfei Xue
Summary: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-1 (GLP-1) has been found to alleviate cognitive impairment in mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) by increasing regulatory T cell levels and regulating cytokine levels as well as abnormal energy metabolism.
Article
Immunology
Kathryn A. Knoop, Keely G. McDonald, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Phillip Tarr, Rodney D. Newberry
Summary: Atopic disorders are on the rise in Western societies, characterized by immune responses to environmental triggers. Early life exposure to diet and microbes shapes the intestinal Treg population significantly. Tregs developed early in life play a crucial role in restraining systemic inflammatory responses into adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael F. Cassidy, Zachary T. Herbert, Vaishali R. Moulton
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining immune self-tolerance, and their function can be impaired leading to autoimmune disease. SRSF1 and FoxP3 are two indispensable regulatory proteins in Tregs, controlling common and distinct molecular pathways related to cytokine, immune response, DNA replication, and cell cycle.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anne S. De Groot, Amy S. Rosenberg, S. M. Shahjahan Miah, Gail Skowron, Brian J. Roberts, Sandra Lelias, Frances E. Terry, William D. Martin
Summary: Identification of T cell epitopes recognized by Tregs can help understand the role of thymic Tregs and induced Tregs in autoimmune diseases and allergies. The Tregitope FV621 derived from Factor V has potent immunomodulatory effects, suppressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and inhibiting immune responses in vivo and in vitro, especially when conjugated to albumin. Prospective identification tools combined with validating assays may facilitate future Tregitope discoveries.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patricia Markham Risica, Meghan L. McCarthy, Katherine L. Barry, Susan P. Oliverio, Kim M. Gans, Anne S. De Groot
Summary: The Vida Sana Program (VSP) has shown promising improvements in metabolic outcomes for Hispanic populations at higher risk for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes, presenting a successful model for community-connected interventions.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dallin Dressman, Wassim Elyaman
Summary: T cells play a central role in homeostasis and host defense against infectious diseases. Dysregulation of T cells can lead to autoimmune responses. T cells are also involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, potentially interacting with microglia in shaping the inflammatory cascade.
Review
Immunology
Guilhem Richard, Michael F. Princiotta, Dominique Bridon, William D. Martin, Gary D. Steinberg, Anne S. De Groot
Summary: The field of cancer therapy has been transformed in less than a decade with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors, next generation sequencing, and the discovery of neoantigens. Immune responses to neoantigens through vaccination have become a focus in precision immunotherapy. Validation of personalized vaccine design pipelines is crucial for revolutionizing neoantigen-based vaccine design and delivery.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah M. Connor, Mamunur Rashid, Katie J. Ryan, Kruti Patel, Justin D. Boyd, Jennifer Smith, Wassim Elyaman, David A. Bennett, Elizabeth M. Bradshaw
Summary: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis and are suggested to be inefficient in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this study, a high content screening assay identified GW5074 as a potential therapeutic for AD. GW5074 increased the clearance activities of amyloid-beta and upregulated key microglial molecules associated with phagocytosis. These findings highlight the importance of targeting microglia in the development of AD therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ann E. Sluder, Susan Raju Paul, Leonard Moise, Christina Dold, Guilhem Richard, Laura Silva-Reyes, Laurie A. Baeten, Anja Scholzen, Patrick M. Reeves, Andrew J. Pollard, Anja Garritsen, Richard A. Bowen, Anne S. De Groot, Christine Rollier, Mark C. Poznansky
Summary: This study aimed to develop a T cell-targeted vaccine to induce specific cell-mediated immunity for protection against Q fever. By selecting suitable epitopes and expressing them in viral vectors, the vaccine candidates showed antigen-specific T cell responses in animal models, establishing a foundation for future vaccine efficacy studies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Chunsheng Ruan, Wassim Elyaman
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Leonard Moise, Lauren M. Meyers, Hyesun Jang, Mayara Grizotte-Lake, Christine M. Boyle, Bethany McGonnigal, Pan Ge, Ted M. Ross, Anne S. De Groot
Summary: Strategies to enhance immunogenicity of influenza vaccines are crucial for pandemic preparedness. A study showed that incorporating a memory CD4(+) T cell epitope from H3N2 into H7N9 HA can improve immune response and antibody production.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Swan Tan, Lenny Moise, Douglas S. Pearce, Constantinos S. Kyriakis, Andres H. Gutierrez, Ted M. Ross, Justin Bahl, Anne S. De Groot
Summary: This study used the EpiCC tool to assess the impact of the emergent H1N1 G4 swine influenza A virus (G4) on swine and human populations. The results showed that the T cell epitope cross-conservation between US commercial swine vaccines and G4 was poor, while a recent European swine influenza vaccine (HL03) provided good protection against G4.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katherine Barry, Johanna A. Suskin, Julia Testa, Morgan Leonard, Anne S. De Groot
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportional impact on uninsured and minority populations, exacerbating long-standing health inequities. Free clinics, such as Clinica Esperanza/Hope Clinic (CEHC), play an important role in improving access to COVID-19 testing and vaccinations for at-risk individuals during the pandemic.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jiani Chen, Swan Tan, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Leonard Moise, Pedro A. Piedra, Anne S. De Groot, Justin Bahl
Summary: This study computationally predicted T cell epitopes in the F and G proteins of RSV wild circulating strains and found that RSV strains can be clustered into three RSV-A groups and two RSV-B groups on the T epitope landscape, suggesting potentially distinct T cell immunity. The study also observed higher conservation of F protein T cell epitopes among recent epidemic strains and decreased content of G protein T cell epitopes. These findings are valuable for vaccine design and assessment.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tiffani Crippin, Karamoko Tounkara, Eliza Squibb, Sarah Beseme, Katherine Barry, Kotou Sangare, Saidou Coulibaly, Pinda Fane, Aliou Bagayoko, Ousmane A. Koita, Ibrahima Teguete, Anne S. De Groot
Summary: Cervical cancer, mainly caused by HPV, is a major health issue in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in West Africa. This study highlights the importance of community-centered education campaigns and the use of story-telling cloth to increase awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening in the region, where knowledge about HPV and CC is limited.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anne S. De Groot, Sundos Khan, Aimee E. Mattei, Sandra Lelias, William D. Martin
Summary: Biologics developers are exploring non-antibody modalities for therapeutic interventions, using modified "natural" protein scaffolds to deliver bioactive sequences. These new non-antibody scaffolds have advantages such as smaller size, improved stability, and easier synthesis compared to monoclonal antibodies, and are believed to have low immunogenic potential. However, evaluating their immunogenicity risk potential, especially related to T cell epitopes, is still necessary. Assessing the immunogenicity of scaffold proteins is important for drug developers and clinicians.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)