Risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients by transient elastography

Objective: The degree of liver fibrosis is the strongest indicator of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Recently developed transient elastography (Fibroscan, Echosens, France) noninvasively measures liver stiffness, and the correlation between the stiffness and liver fibrosis stage has been validated. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between liver stiffness and HCC presence. Methods: Liver stiffness was measured in chronic hepatitis C patients (85 with HCC and 180 without) by transient elastography. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the association with HCC presence. We computed the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves concerning the prediction of HCC presence and compared the areas under ROC curve (AUROC). We also calculated stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR). Results: Multivariate analysis showed that HCC presence was significantly associated with liver stiffness (P < 0.0001) along with age, male, and alpha-fetoprotein concentration. AUROC was 0.805, 0.741, 0.714, 0.673, 0.670, and 0.654 for liver stiffness, alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, prothrombin activity, AST-platelet ratio index, and platelet count, respectively. Other parameters showed smaller AUROC. SSLR for HCC presence by liver stiffness was 0.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.42) in < 10 kPa, 0.73 (0.39 to 1.39) in 10.1 to 15 kPa, 1.30 (0.80 to 2.12) in 15.1 to 25 kPa, and 5.0 (2.96 to 8.47) in > 25 kPa. Conclusions: Liver stiffness measured by transient elastography is useful in demarcating chronic hepatitis C patients at a high risk for HCC, who require frequent check-up by imaging examinations.