Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qingjie Peng, Xiaojiang Chen, Xiaoxia Liang, Jiahui Ouyang, Qiangqiang Wang, Shuai Ren, Haibo Xie, Chunhong Wang, Yaqun Sun, Xin Wu, Hetao Liu, Changchun Hei, Miao Sun, Qing Chang, Xinrui Liu, Guangyong Li, Rui He
Summary: The study investigated the effect of metformin on PCOS using a PCOS mouse model and explored the mechanism of metformin in regulating PCOS mice through the ferroptosis pathway. The results showed that metformin not only improved body weight and metabolic disorders but also improved ovarian dysfunction in PCOS mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Huamin Zeng, Ying Zhang, Sikai Huang, Jinghua Wu, Wenrui Ren, Lingru Zhou, Leneng Huang, Yuyin Ye
Summary: Metformin combined with spironolactone therapy may be more effective in reducing BMI and serum androgen levels in PCOS patients. However, it does not have a significant effect on hirsutism score or gonadotropin hormone levels, and is not associated with an elevation in side-effects. When the treatment course is greater than 6 months, combination therapy can effectively reduce FBG and improve insulin resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Miki Ohara, Hiromi Yoshida-Komiya, Miho Ono-Okutsu, Akiko Yamaguchi-Ito, Toshifumi Takahashi, Keiya Fujimori
Summary: Metformin affects the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and HOXA10 in the endometrium of women with PCOS, potentially improving the abnormal endometrial environment associated with excess androgen levels.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xia Wu, Zhiling Li, Wenjiang Sun, Huan Zheng
Summary: The study found a significant correlation between H-Hcy and elevated baPWV in PCOS patients, suggesting that Hcy may play a role in the pathologic process of arterial stiffness in PCOS patients.
ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sophia A. Mahoney, Ravinandan Venkatasubramanian, Mary A. Darrah, Katelyn R. Ludwig, Nicholas S. Vandongen, Nathan T. Greenberg, Abigail G. Longtine, David A. Hutton, Vienna E. Brunt, Judith Campisi, Simon Melov, Douglas R. Seals, Matthew J. Rossman, Zachary S. Clayton
Summary: This study found that fisetin can improve arterial function and reduce arterial stiffness by reducing vascular cell senescence and inflammation. Fisetin enhances endothelial function by increasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide and reducing oxidative stress.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chuan Xing, Han Zhao, Jiaqi Zhang, Bing He
Summary: The study aimed to observe the effects of MET monotherapy and MET plus LIRA combination therapy on gonadal and metabolic profiles in overweight patients with PCOS. The results showed that both MET monotherapy and MET plus LIRA combination therapy improved glucose metabolism and relieved insulin resistance in overweight patients with PCOS. Furthermore, MET plus LIRA combination therapy was more effective in improving reproductive abnormalities and hyperandrogenemia compared to MET monotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melanie C. Faure, Rita Khoueiry, Jusal Quanico, Herve Acloque, Marie-Justine Guerquin, Michael J. Bertoldo, Claire Chevaleyre, Christelle Rame, Isabelle Fournier, Michel Salzet, Joelle Dupont, Pascal Froment
Summary: The study found that fetal exposure to metformin may lead to reduced fertility in male offspring, manifested by lower sperm head quality and higher DNA damage. This could be attributed to hypermethylation of sperm genomic DNA and lower expression of the TET1 protein.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shumpei Fujie, Keiko Iemitsu, Kenichiro Inoue, Taro Ogawa, Ayaka Nakashima, Kengo Suzuki, Motoyuki Iemitsu
Summary: This study found that acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice can reduce arterial stiffness and increase the bioavailability of nitric oxide.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Krysiak, Karolina Kowalcze, Witold Szkrobka, Boguslaw Okopien
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine if the androgen status modulates the impact of metformin on plasma prolactin levels in women. The results showed that the drug decreased total and monomeric prolactin and increased luteinizing hormone (LH) in control subjects. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metformin reduced LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, and free androgen index (FAI).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johanna Melin, Maria Forslund, Simon Alesi, Terhi Piltonen, Daniela Romualdi, Poli Mara Spritzer, Chau Thien Tay, Alexia Pena, Selma Feldman Witchel, Aya Mousa, Helena Teede
Summary: This review evaluates the effectiveness of metformin and lifestyle modification compared with placebo in the management of PCOS and will inform the forthcoming, 2023 evidence-based PCOS guidelines. The results showed that metformin can reduce body mass index, insulin resistance, fasting glucose, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides in PCOS patients. Therefore, metformin should be considered as an efficacious adjunct to lifestyle interventions in adults with PCOS, especially for those with a higher BMI.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xin Chen, Ying Lan, Lijie Yang, Yang Liu, Hongyu Li, Xinyun Zhu, Yuemeng Zhao, Caiyi Long, Mengjing Wang, Qingling Xie, Zhao Li, Jie Wu
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of acupuncture combined with metformin compared to metformin alone on the pregnancy rate of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The results showed that acupuncture combined with metformin can significantly improve the pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and insulin resistance in PCOS.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
K. J. Polinski, S. L. Robinson, D. L. Putnick, R. Sundaram, A. Ghassabian, P. Joseph, V Gomez-Lobo, E. M. Bell, E. H. Yeung
Summary: Children born to mothers with PCOS did not show different cardiometabolic outcomes compared to children without exposure.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Andre C. Michalski, Arthur S. Ferreira, Adrian W. Midgley, Victor A. B. Costa, Guilherme F. Fonseca, Nadia S. L. da Silva, Juliana Borges, Sandra A. Billinger, Felipe A. Cunha
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic stroke, and assessed the between-day reproducibility of arterial stiffness measurements. The results showed that MCT significantly reduced arterial stiffness in patients with chronic stroke and had moderate-to-high reproducibility.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Na Xiao, Jie Wang, Ting Wang, Xingliang Xiong, Junyi Zhou, Xian Su, Jing Peng, Chao Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Ge Lin, Guangxiu Lu, Fei Gong, Lamei Cheng
Summary: B cells play a role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin, a commonly used drug for PCOS, inhibits TNF-alpha expression and induces metabolic reprogramming in B cells, which may be a novel mechanism of metformin in treating PCOS.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rui-Lin Ma, Yan Deng, Yan-Fang Wang, Shi-Yang Zhu, Xue-Song Ding, Ai-Jun Sun
Summary: The study demonstrated that once-weekly exenatide combined with MET was more effective than MET alone in overweight/obese women with PCOS, leading to weight reduction, improvement in BMI and waist circumference, and enhanced insulin sensitivity, with acceptable short-term side effects.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Olivia McCarthy, Rachel Deere, Rachel Churm, Gareth J. Dunseath, Charlotte Jones, Max L. Eckstein, David M. Williams, Jennifer Hayes, Jason Pitt, Stephen C. Bain, Othmar Moser, Richard M. Bracken
Summary: Adjusting insulin doses before and after evening exercise can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia during exercise and at night in individuals with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruth D. Lewis, Anil K. Narayanaswamy, Daniel Farewell, Dafydd Aled Rees
Summary: The complement system is activated in patients with PCOS, especially in the presence of insulin resistance and obesity. Components of the activation and terminal complement pathways are elevated in these patients.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tom Chambers, Richard Anney, Peter N. Taylor, Alexander Teumer, Robin P. Peeters, Marco Medici, Xavier Caseras, D. Aled Rees
Summary: The study found that a history of hypothyroidism was associated with significant reductions in cerebellar and pallidum gray matter volumes, partly mediated by increases in body mass index. It was also observed that polygenic scores for hypo- and hyperthyroidism had opposing influences on gray matter volumes, with no evidence of regional genetic pleiotropy with ADHD for either hypo- or hyperthyroidism.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebecca L. Thomas, Wai-Yee Cheung, James M. Rafferty, Stephen D. Luzio, Ashley Akbari, David R. Owens
Summary: The study found that 18% of type 1 diabetes patients (1146/6513) and 8% of type 2 diabetes patients (12,475/156,525) were repeat non-attenders. Participants attending their very first appointment were least likely to become repeat non-attenders. For both types of diabetes, those of a younger age, living in areas of higher deprivation, and subject to multiple house moves were at greater risk of becoming repeat non-attenders.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benjamin J. Gray, Christie Craddock, Zoe Couzens, Evie Bain, Gareth J. Dunseath, Ananda Giri Shankar, Stephen D. Luzio, Stephanie E. Perrett
Summary: Global evidence suggests that the cardiometabolic health of those in prison is poorer than their community peers, with an increasing trend of Type 2 diabetes. A study aimed at predicting potential new cases of T2DM in a current prison population found that in the next decade, there could be 6.4 new cases per 100 individuals, rising to 16.4 in those aged 50 and older. This raises concerns across all age groups and highlights the importance of prevention in the prison community.
PRIMARY CARE DIABETES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter Taylor, Lowri Allen, Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, Michael Stechman, Aled Rees
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gareth J. Dunseath, Stephen D. Luzio, Rajesh Peter, David R. Owens
Summary: The study found that as fasting glucose levels increased, postprandial glucose peaks also increased progressively, while beta-cell secretory capacity decreased. In patients with IGT, there was a significant decrease in early insulin response to intravenous glucose, accompanied by a dramatic drop in insulin sensitivity.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lowri A. Allen, Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, Dafydd Aled Rees
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular events, obstructive sleep apnoea, fatty liver disease, endometrial cancer, anxiety, and depression. Further research is needed to determine the extent of these risks in different subtypes of PCOS and how ethnicity may affect risk. Systematic screening and targeted interventions may improve outcomes for women with PCOS.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John W. Gregory, Kymberley Carter, Wai Yee Cheung, Gail Holland, Jane Bowen-Morris, Stephen Luzio, Gareth Dunseath, Timothy Tree, Jennie Hsiu Mien Yang, Ashish Marwaha, Mohammad Alhadj Ali, Nadim Bashir, Hayley Anne Hutchings, Greg W. Fegan, Rachel Stenson, Stephen Hiles, Susie Marques-Jones, Amy Brown, Danijela Tatovic, Colin Dayan
Summary: This double-blind phase II study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ustekinumab in children and adolescents aged 12-18 with new-onset type 1 diabetes, with the goal of improving metabolic control through the preservation of residual functional beta cells. The study involves subcutaneous administration of ustekinumab/placebo over 12 months, with a focus on measuring C-peptide area under the curve and exploring alternative methods for assessing insulin production. The research received ethics approval and is set to disseminate results through peer-reviewed medical journals and conferences.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cass Whelan, Nicholas Burnley-Hall, Keith E. Morris, D. Aled Rees, Philip E. James
Summary: This study investigated the impact of hypoxia on the functional capacity of EVs derived from endothelial cells and assessed the effect of NO2- pre-treatment on EV function. The results showed that hypoxia significantly increased EV production and coagulation activity, while pre-treatment with NO2- reduced the coagulation activity of EVs.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Jananie Suntharesan, Navoda Atapattu, Eresha Jasinghe, Sagarika Ekanayake, Delpachitra Acharige Gajabahu Harendra de Silva, Gareth Dunseath, Steohan Luzio, Lakdasa Premawardhana
Summary: This study found that meals containing resistant starch (RS) had beneficial effects on acute postprandial glucose, insulin and ghrelin concentrations in obese children without diabetes. The meals did not significantly affect postprandial satiety scores.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nadia El-Farhan, Sarah Tennant, Seren E. Rees, Carol Evans, D. Aled Rees
Summary: This study investigates the salivary cortisol response to ACTH stimulation and compares it with the serum response, finding that salivary cortisol response is a reliable alternative to serum and may be especially useful in conditions of altered CBG concentration.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
B. J. Gray, C. Craddock, Z. Couzens, G. J. Dunseath, A. G. Shankar, S. D. Luzio, S. E. Perrett
Summary: This study examined the relative predicted 10-year CVD risk and calculated heart age in a representative sample of male individuals aged 25-84 years within the prison environment. The findings showed that the prison population had a higher relative risk of predicted 10-year CVD scores compared to the general community, with the largest difference observed in the oldest age group. The heart age of the sample was also significantly higher than their chronological age.