Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. A. Rieger, W. J. Randel, A. E. Bourassa, S. Solomon
Summary: After the 2020 Australian bushfires, satellite observations documented stratospheric aerosol, temperature, and ozone anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere. The anomalies were comparable to the effects of the Calbuco eruption in 2015, with enhanced aerosols and warm temperature anomalies leading to midlatitude ozone depletion. The overall effects resembled those of the 2015 eruption, with record low ozone levels and polar temperatures.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lingyu Zhou, Yan Xia, Chuanfeng Zhao
Summary: The study investigates the contribution of ozone changes to long-term stratospheric temperature trends in recent decades and finds that ozone depletion has significant impacts on stratospheric cooling, especially in the summer hemisphere. Ozone recovery leads to warming in the upper stratosphere in the summer hemisphere in recent years.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Douglas E. Kinnison, Qinyi Li, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Tarek Trabelsi, Joseph S. Francisco, Susan Solomon, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study found that the injection of iodine into the Antarctic stratosphere has a significant impact on the formation and development of the Antarctic ozone hole, especially in spring. The inclusion of iodine can advance the formation of the ozone hole and delay its closure, increasing the area and mass deficit of the hole.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Georg Herzog, Alejandro Benitez-Llambay, Michele Fumagalli
Summary: We examine the gas content of field dwarf galaxies in a high-resolution cosmological simulation and find that low-mass dark matter haloes host quiescent galaxies with low gas content. The gas deficiency in these galaxies is caused by interactions with larger hosts and hydrodynamic interactions with the cosmic web. This deficit of gas may hinder the detection of a significant fraction of field dwarfs in future surveys.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eric L. Fleming, Qing Liang, Luke D. Oman, Paul A. Newman, Feng Li, Margaret M. Hurwitz
Summary: Studies suggest that increasing CFC-11 emissions lead to a deepened ozone hole, affecting atmospheric circulation and temperature distribution in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. However, the age of air is slightly younger in high emission scenarios, and the greenhouse gas impact of CFC-11 is minimal and not statistically significant in both the troposphere and stratosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan Solomon, Kimberlee Dube, Kane Stone, Pengfei Yu, Doug Kinnison, Owen B. Toon, Susan E. Strahan, Karen H. Rosenlof, Robert Portmann, Sean Davis, William Randel, Peter Bernath, Chris Boone, Charles G. Bardeen, Adam Bourassa, Daniel Zawada, Doug Degenstein
Summary: In the 2019/20 austral summer, Australian wildfires emitted smoke into the stratosphere, leading to increased optical extinction in the midlatitudes of the southern hemisphere. The smoke, coated with sulfuric acid and water, caused a decrease in reactive nitrogen concentrations and had an impact on chlorine and reactive hydrogen species, potentially depleting the ozone layer. These findings suggest that if wildfire smoke injection into the stratosphere increases as the world warms, ozone recovery could be impeded.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ansgar Schanz, Klemens Hocke, Niklaus Kampfer, Simon Chabrillat, Antje Inness, Mathias Palm, Justus Notholt, Ian Boyd, Alan Parrish, Yasuko Kasai
Summary: This study compares the diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone of the MACC reanalysis, ERA-Interim, and WACCM models. Results show that MACC and WACCM perform similarly in capturing ozone diurnal cycle caused by photochemical variations, while ERA-Interim shows less variation. The global maxima of diurnal variation occur at high latitudes in summer, with MACC providing a global description of stratospheric ozone variation due to dynamics and photochemical variations.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Serguei V. Savilov, Natalia E. Strokova, Anton S. Ivanov, Igor I. Morozov
Summary: This study investigates the stratospheric ozone depletion issue and the atmospheric decay of organic pollutants, focusing on the heterogeneous reactions of ozone with chloroethane and 1-chloropropane under low-temperature conditions. The formation of chlorine oxides with high photochemical activity, even at low concentrations, is shown to be damaging to the ozone layer. The decay behavior of the chloroalkanes over time exhibits first-order decay processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Letter
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Annette L. Hirsch, Nina N. Ridder, Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Anna Ukkola
Summary: Heatwave frequency, duration and intensity have increased since the 1950s, with climate models showing potential bias in reproducing historical statistics of these events. Comparisons between CMIP5 and CMIP6 models indicate marginal improvements in simulating heatwave metrics, suggesting significant advances in climate modeling capabilities are needed for future improvements in projecting heatwaves.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leonie Bernet, Ian Boyd, Gerald Nedoluha, Richard Querel, Daan Swart, Klemens Hocke
Summary: Continuous assessment of stratospheric ozone changes in the southern hemisphere is crucial, with data consistency and uncertainties affecting the resulting trends. Consideration of data uncertainties and inhomogeneities is important for accurate evaluation of ozone trends.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengchu Tao, Paul Konopka, Jonathon S. Wright, Yi Liu, Jianchun Bian, Sean M. Davis, Yue Jia, Felix Ploeger
Summary: According to satellite observations and atmospheric model simulations, stratospheric water vapor concentrations exhibit robust multidecadal variability, which is stronger in the northern hemisphere at mid-stratosphere levels.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanqin Tian, Yuanzhi Yao, Ya Li, Hao Shi, Shufen Pan, Raymond G. Najjar, Naiqing Pan, Zihao Bian, Philippe Ciais, Wei-Jun Cai, Minhan Dai, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Hong-Yi Li, Steven Lohrenz, L. Ruby Leung
Summary: Global inland waters play a significant role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle, recycling and exporting a substantial amount of terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere and oceans. Multiple factors have led to an increase in these fluxes, highlighting the importance of considering them in future carbon budgets.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Chunmin Zhang, Tingyu Yan, Yanqiang Wang, Biyun Zhang, Zhengyi Chen, Zeyu Chen, William Ward, Samuel Kristoffersen
Summary: This paper describes an advanced compact static wind imaging Michelson interferometer (SWIMI) developed to measure the stratospheric wind field. The instrument's capability of measuring wind, temperature, and ozone has been verified in lab experiments.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dingzhu Hu, Zhaoyong Guan
Summary: Using a stratosphere-resolving general circulation model, this study examines the relative effects of stratospheric ozone and greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the temperature and circulation in the Arctic stratosphere. The results show that the impact of ozone increase is approximately 2 times larger than that of GHGs increase, and is closely related to the wave fluxes in the stratosphere.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalya Andreeva Kilifarska, Tsvetelina Plamenova Velichkova, Ekaterina Anguelova Batchvarova
Summary: This study provides further evidence for the synchronization of air surface temperature and pressure with lower stratospheric ozone, highlighting its uneven distribution across the globe. The research focuses on the formation and manifestation region of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Statistical analysis of data from 1900 to 2019 reveals a pronounced covariance of ozone at 70 hPa with Nino3.4 index, air surface temperature, and sea level pressure. The impact of ozone varies at different time scales, from interannual to interdecadal, with different centers of action on sea level temperature and pressure. Ozone anomalies at 70 hPa trigger a cooling of the sea surface with a time delay, while ozone depletion leads to a delayed sea level warming.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yi Ming, Pu Lin, Fabien Paulot, Larry W. Horowitz, Paul A. Ginoux, V Ramaswamy, Norman G. Loeb, Zhaoyi Shen, Clare E. Singer, Ryan X. Ward, Zhibo Zhang, Nicolas Bellouin
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant reductions in aerosol emissions and reflected sunlight over the East Asian Marginal Seas in March 2020. About one-third of the observed anomalies can be attributed to pandemic-related emission reductions, while the rest are influenced by weather variability and long-term emission trends. The current observational and modeling capabilities are crucial for monitoring, understanding, and predicting the radiative forcing and climate impacts of the ongoing crisis.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish, Alex T. Archibald, Makoto Deushi, Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis, Drew Shindell, Larry W. Horowitz, M. Anwar H. Khan, Dudley E. Shallcross
Summary: An intercomparison study was conducted to examine the representation of atmospheric chemistry in pre-industrial troposphere by earth system and global tropospheric chemistry-transport models. While the responses across different chemical mechanisms were in agreement, there were detailed differences that could be attributed to variations in the representation of C-1-C-3 chemistry. Large uncertainties in laboratory determinations of key chemical reactions involving organic peroxy radicals and hydroperoxides contribute to irreducible uncertainties in model predictions, calling for further definitive studies to reduce uncertainties.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Prodromos Zanis, Dimitris Akritidis, Steven Turnock, Vaishali Naik, Sophie Szopa, Aristeidis K. Georgoulias, Susanne E. Bauer, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, James Keeble, Philippe Le Sager, Fiona M. O'Connor, Naga Oshima, Konstantinos Tsigaridis, Twan van Noije
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of climate change on surface ozone from a global modeling perspective and finds that surface ozone concentrations are expected to decrease in regions remote from pollution sources due to global warming, while they may increase in regions close to pollution sources.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lee T. Murray, Arlene M. Fiore, Drew T. Shindell, Vaishali Naik, Larry W. Horowitz
Summary: The hydroxyl radical impacts the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, affecting the removal rate of pollutants and reactive greenhouse gases. Global atmospheric chemistry models show significant discrepancies in estimating OH, highlighting the need for additional observational data to reduce uncertainties.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuanyu Xie, Meiyun Lin, Bertrand Decharme, Christine Delire, Larry W. Horowitz, David M. Lawrence, Fang Li, Roland Seferian
Summary: The study predicts the impact of increased wildfires on air quality in a warming climate. The results show a significant increase in CO2 emissions from wildfires, leading to a twofold to threefold increase in PM2.5 pollution in the US Pacific Northwest. Even with strong mitigation efforts, PM2.5 in the western US is projected to increase by around 50%. These findings highlight the significant impact of wildfires on air quality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guang Zeng, Olaf Morgenstern, Jonny H. T. Williams, Fiona M. O'Connor, Paul T. Griffiths, James Keeble, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, Vaishali Naik, Louisa K. Emmons, N. Luke Abraham, Alexander T. Archibald, Susanne E. Bauer, Birgit Hassler, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Lee T. Murray, Naga Oshima, Lori T. Sentman, Simone Tilmes, Kostas Tsigaridis, Paul J. Young
Summary: This study quantifies the impacts of halogenated ozone-depleting substances, greenhouse gases, and short-lived ozone precursors on ozone changes. The results show that while ozone loss due to ODSs dominates stratospheric ozone changes, increases in short-lived ozone precursors and methane contribute increasingly to total column ozone changes. The multi-model mean results indicate a clear change in stratospheric ozone trends after 2000 due to declining ODSs.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fabien Paulot, Vaishali Naik, Larry W. Horowitz
Summary: This study analyzes the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorology in winter in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). It is found that the concentration of PM2.5 increases with decreasing surface wind speed in most cities considered. The study estimates that the reduction in surface wind speed caused by increasing CO2 levels will lead to higher PM2.5 concentrations and more frequent high-pollution events. Additionally, the study suggests that the reduction in frequency and intensity of western disturbances with increasing CO2 may contribute to the decrease in surface wind in the IGP.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Michael Mills, Martine Michou, Larry W. Horowitz, Pu Lin, Makoto Deushi, Kohei Yoshida, Fiona M. O'Connor, Yongming Tang, N. Luke Abraham, James Keeble, Fraser Dennison, Eugene Rozanov, Tatiana Egorova, Timofei Sukhodolov, Guang Zeng
Summary: Using nine chemistry-climate and eight associated no-chemistry models, this study examines the persistence and timing of cold episodes in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere from 1980 to 2014. The results show systematic differences in behavior between the chemistry and no-chemistry models, with the chemistry models exhibiting longer and earlier cold episodes compared to the lowest temperatures. Furthermore, the chemistry models often experience delayed lowest temperature occurrence by 1-3 weeks. The study highlights the need to retune chemistry-climate models compared to their no-chemistry counterparts.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hui Yang, Xinyuan Huang, Daniel M. Westervelt, Larry Horowitz, Wei Peng
Summary: Millions of premature deaths are caused by ambient particulate air pollution, and reducing fossil fuel combustion can decrease exposure to harmful particulates. However, socio-demographic factors play a dominant role in health outcomes related to air pollution globally.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chloe Yuchao Gao, Vaishali Naik, Larry W. Horowitz, Paul Ginoux, Fabien Paulot, John Dunne, Michael Mills, Valentina Aquila, Peter Colarco
Summary: This study modified the atmospheric component of the GFDL Earth System Model to simulate stratospheric sulfate aerosols and investigate the impact of volcanic eruptions. The results showed that the simulated stratospheric sulfate mass burden and aerosol optical depth are sensitive to injection height, emission amount, and aerosol size. The optimal combination of parameters depends on the observational metric used for evaluation.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James Gomez, Robert J. Allen, Steven T. Turnock, Larry W. Horowitz, Kostas Tsigaridis, Susanne E. Bauer, Dirk Olivie, Erik S. Thomson, Paul Ginoux
Summary: Analyses of Earth system model simulations suggest that higher concentrations of dust and secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere due to an intensified West African monsoon and enhanced emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, respectively, are projected to degrade air quality in a warmer world. Thirteen models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 all indicate an increase in global average concentrations of fine particulate matter in response to rising carbon dioxide concentrations, with the main contributors being dust and secondary organic aerosols via the intensified West African monsoon and enhanced emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds. Understanding biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to climate change is essential for numerically assessing future air quality.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Henry Bowman, Steven Turnock, Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis, Makoto Deushi, Naga Oshima, Fiona M. O'Connor, Larry Horowitz, Tongwen Wu, Jie Zhang, Dagmar Kubistin, David D. Parrish
Summary: Simulations from CMIP6 Earth system models show that the seasonal cycle of baseline tropospheric ozone at northern midlatitudes has been shifting since the mid-20th century. This shift is related to changes in anthropogenic emissions and the rise and fall of ozone precursor concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James Keeble, Birgit Hassler, Antara Banerjee, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Gabriel Chiodo, Sean Davis, Veronika Eyring, Paul T. Griffiths, Olaf Morgenstern, Peer Nowack, Guang Zeng, Jiankai Zhang, Greg Bodeker, Susannah Burrows, Philip Cameron-Smith, David Cugnet, Christopher Danek, Makoto Deushi, Larry W. Horowitz, Anne Kubin, Lijuan Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Pierre Nabat, Dirk Olivie, Sungsu Park, Oyvind Seland, Jens Stoll, Karl-Hermann Wieners, Tongwen Wu
Summary: This study evaluates the long-term changes in stratospheric ozone and water vapor in CMIP6 models under different emissions scenarios, highlighting both global and regional patterns. While global mean TCO is projected to recover to 1960s levels in the middle of the 21st century, tropics may not reach the same levels due to various factors including reductions in ozone-depleting substances and changes in tropospheric ozone.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gillian D. Thornhill, William J. Collins, Ryan J. Kramer, Dirk Olivi, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Fiona M. O'Connor, Nathan Luke Abraham, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Susanne E. Bauer, Makoto Deushi, Louisa K. Emmons, Piers M. Forster, Larry W. Horowitz, Ben Johnson, James Keeble, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Martine Michou, Michael J. Mills, Jane P. Mulcahy, Gunnar Myhre, Pierre Nabat, Vaishali Naik, Naga Oshima, Michael Schulz, Christopher J. Smith, Toshihiko Takemura, Simone Tilmes, Tongwen Wu, Guang Zeng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This paper quantifies the pre-industrial to present-day effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic emissions using CMIP6 models. The results show significant impacts from emissions of SO2, organic carbon, and black carbon, while greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide have smaller effects. The differences in ERFs between models reflect variations in aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in capturing methane-induced forcing.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gillian Thornhill, William Collins, Dirk Olivi, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Alex Archibald, Susanne Bauer, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Stephanie Fiedler, Gerd Folberth, Ada Gjermundsen, Larry Horowitz, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Martine Michou, Jane Mulcahy, Pierre Nabat, Vaishali Naik, Fiona M. O'Connor, Fabien Paulot, Michael Schulz, Catherine E. Scott, Roland Seferian, Chris Smith, Toshihiko Takemura, Simone Tilmes, Kostas Tsigaridis, James Weber
Summary: This study explores multiple pathways for aerosol and chemical feedbacks in Earth system models, focusing on changes in natural emissions and reaction rates. By considering the sensitivity of pathways to climate change multiplied by the radiative effect of the change, the overall climate feedback through chemistry and aerosols is found to be negative in the CMIP6 Earth system models, primarily due to increased emissions of sea salt and BVOCs. Increased chemical loss of ozone and methane also contribute to a negative feedback.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)