Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhiyan Zuo, Kaiwen Zhang
Summary: The land-sea thermal contrast plays a key role in the Asian summer monsoon and is influenced by various driving factors. The tropospheric thermal contrast is closely related to the circulation of the monsoon and rainfall patterns over India and China. The surface thermal contrast is driven by anthropogenic forcing and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, leading to uncertainty in monsoon projections.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bo Sun, Huijun Wang, Aihui Wang, Yue Miao, Botao Zhou, Huixin Li
Summary: This study examined the regular and irregular characteristics of the East Asian summer wet environment northward march over the past six decades and in the future, finding that various climate factors, such as the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation and the seasonally varying western North Pacific eddy, play important roles in influencing the phenomenon.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Baoyan Zhu, Bo Sun, Huijun Wang
Summary: The study reveals that since the early 1990s, the interannual variability of extreme high-temperature events during summer over eastern China has shown a dipole mode, which is associated with air-sea interaction over the western tropical Pacific and North Atlantic.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yu Geng, Hong-Li Ren, Xueying Ma, Shuo Zhao, Yu Nie
Summary: This study investigates the influence of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region on East Asian climate during autumn. The results show that positive KE-SSTA leads to the formation of anomalous atmospheric circulation, causing temperature and precipitation changes in East Asia.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
J. I. L. A. N. JIANG, Y. I. M. I. N. LIU, J. I. A. N. G. Y. U. MAO, J. I. A. N. P. I. N. G. LI, S. H. U. W. E. N. ZHAO, Y. O. N. G. Q. I. A. N. G. YU
Summary: The relationship between the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) was investigated using data analyses and numerical experiments. Different types of IOD events were found to have different sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns and SASM intensities.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhaoxiangrui He, Aiguo Dai, Mathias Vuille
Summary: The South American climate is influenced by both Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and Pacific Multidecadal Variability (PMV), with complex correlations observed between precipitation and temperature changes. The perturbations in local circulations play a key role in driving these anomalies, with varying patterns observed in different seasons and regions.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yue Dong, Kyle C. Armour, David S. Battisti, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth
Summary: Despite global warming, both the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean have experienced surface cooling over the past 40 years. This cooling has had an impact on regional climates and estimations of Earth's climate sensitivity to rising greenhouse gases. The study demonstrates that the southeast Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean has a strong influence on the tropical eastern Pacific, showing a two-way teleconnection between the two through atmospheric circulations. These findings highlight the potential impacts of extratropical climate changes on the tropics.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ori Adam, Alexander Farnsworth, Daniel J. Lunt
Summary: The variation of the tropical rain belt is largely driven by equatorial precipitation inhibition. The tropical modality is a fundamental characteristic of tropical climate, which is associated with the width of the rain belt and the meridional overturning circulation. Low modality regions exhibit monsoonal seasonal variations, while high modality regions have three independent seasonal modes of variation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ori Adam
Summary: This study derives axisymmetric solutions for the response of atmospheric circulation to concentrated equatorial cooling. It captures the response of the large-scale realistic atmosphere to equatorial cooling, including weakening and widening of the meridional overturning circulation and weakening and poleward shift of the subtropical jet. For sufficiently strong cooling, a tropical anti-Hadley cell emerges.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shuai Hu, Bo Wu, Tianjun Zhou, Yongqiang Yu
Summary: The interannual variability of Tibetan Plateau summer climate has significant impacts on both regional hydrological cycles and global climate. This study identifies four dominant modes of summertime large-scale circulation over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. These modes are associated with ENSO-forced, ENSO-independent, summer North Atlantic Oscillation, and circumglobal teleconnection patterns.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Clara Orbe, David Rind, Ron l. Miller, Larissa S. Nazarenko, Anastasia Romanou, Jeffrey Jonas, Gary l. Russell, Maxwell Kelley, Gavin A. Schmidt
Summary: Climate models project a future weakening of the AMOC, but the impacts of this on climate are uncertain. By using a unique ensemble of CMIP6 GISS ModelE (E2.1) SSP 2-4.5 integrations, we isolate the climate impacts of a weakened AMOC and find that it results in a northward shift and strengthening of the NH Hadley cell and intensification of the northern midlatitude eddy-driven jet.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sarah M. Larson, Yuko Okumura, Katinka Bellomo, Melissa L. Breeden
Summary: Careful attribution of the role of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is necessary for identifying the origins of wintertime climate variations in the Northern Hemisphere. This study uses coupled model experiments to investigate how ENSO affects the responses of Aleutian low variability to sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation in North America. The results show that ENSO modulates the SST anomalies induced by non-ENSO Aleutian low variability, leading to wet precipitation anomalies in the southeastern United States.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hyo-Jeong Kim, Soon-Il An, Soong-Ki Kim, Jae-Heung Park
Summary: This study aims to improve the understanding of transient thermohaline circulation responses under rapidly varying forcing and their dependence on forcing time scales. The results suggest that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation collapse and recovery occur at higher and lower freshwater forcing values, respectively, when the forcing time scale is shorter.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuqiong Zheng, Shangfent Chen, Wen Chen, Bin Yu
Summary: This study finds that the impact of the spring North Pacific meridional mode (PMM) on the following-winter El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been increasing. The study compares high- and low-correlation periods to understand the factors behind the strengthened impact of PMM. In the high-correlation period, PMM-related sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric anomalies propagate southwestward to the tropical central Pacific via wind-evaporation-SST feedback, resulting in a stronger ENSO-like pattern. In the low-correlation period, PMM-related anomalies do not extend to the deep tropics, leading to weaker impact on ENSO.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hamed D. Ibrahim, Yunfang Sun
Summary: Characterizing the physical processes that modulate the heat partitioning between the ocean and atmosphere is important for monitoring the heat flow in the ocean due to climate change. The study finds that the rainfall sensible heat flux (Qp) is significant at both short and long time scales, accounting for up to 22.5% of sea surface net heat flux. Qp acts as a modulator by controlling the partitioning of heat energy and the cycle of heat flow between the ocean and atmosphere.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenju Cai, Lixin Wu, Matthieu Lengaigne, Tim Li, Shayne McGregor, Jong-Seong Kug, Jin-Yi Yu, Malte F. Stuecker, Agus Santoso, Xichen Li, Yoo-Geun Ham, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Benjamin Ng, Michael J. McPhaden, Yan Du, Dietmar Dommenget, Fan Jia, Jules B. Kajtar, Noel Keenlyside, Xiaopei Lin, Jing-Jia Luo, Marta Martin-Rey, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Guojian Wang, Shang-Ping Xie, Yun Yang, Sarah M. Kang, Jun-Young Choi, Bolan Gan, Geon-Il Kim, Chang-Eun Kim, Sunyoung Kim, Jeong-Hwan Kim, Ping Chang
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sarah M. Kang, Matt Hawcroft, Baoqiang Xiang, Yen-Ting Hwang, Gabriel Cazes, Francis Codron, Traute Crueger, Clara Deser, Oivind Hodnebrog, Hanjun Kim, Jiyeong Kim, Yu Kosaka, Teresa Losada, Carlos R. Mechoso, Gunnar Myhre, Oyvind Seland, Bjorn Stevens, Masahiro Watanabe, Sungduk Yu
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Malte F. Stuecker, Axel Timmermann, Fei-Fei Jin, Cristian Proistosescu, Sarah M. Kang, Doyeon Kim, Kyung-Sook Yun, Eui-Seok Chung, Jung-Eun Chu, Cecilia M. Bitz, Kyle C. Armour, Michiya Hayashi
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yen-Ting Hwang, Hung-Yi Tseng, Kuan-Chen Li, Sarah M. Kang, Yung-Jen Chen, John C. H. Chiang
Summary: This study investigates the transient responses of atmospheric energy and momentum fluxes to an extratropical thermal heating in a model coupled to an aquaplanet mixed layer ocean. Two stages are observed in the teleconnection: a decrease in the meridional temperature gradient in midlatitudes leads to weakening of the eddy momentum flux and a reduction of the Hadley cell, followed by the development of a deep tropical cross-equatorial cell. The response time scale differs between the two stages, with the latter stage dependent on mixed layer depth.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yechul Shin, Sarah M. Kang, Ken Takahashi, Malte F. Stuecker, Yen-Ting Hwang, Doyeon Kim
Summary: The study found that high-frequency extratropical forcing does not affect tropical precipitation, while low-frequency extratropical forcing allows atmospheric transient eddies to diffuse moist static energy to perturb midlatitude sea surface temperatures, ultimately achieving further equatorward advection through the Hadley circulation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Doyeon Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Timothy M. Merlis, Yechul Shin
Summary: This study shows that the vertical structure of polar warming has significant effects on remote atmospheric circulation. The impact of polar heating on remote climate increases with the altitude at which it is applied. The dominance of surface temperature in outgoing longwave radiation is a key factor in this robust sensitivity.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah M. Kang, Shang-Ping Xie, Clara Deser, Baoqiang Xiang
Summary: Through idealized experiments and Earth System Models, this study reveals the dynamic distinction between aerosol increase and aerosol-forced zonal shift modes in inducing climate change. The aerosol increase mode dominates in a motionless ocean model, while the zonal shift mode is amplified by interactive ocean dynamics. The evolving geographical distribution of aerosol emissions is crucial for understanding aerosol-forced historical climate change.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiheun Lee, Sarah M. Kang, Hanjun Kim, Baoqiang Xiang
Summary: This study investigates the causes of the double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) bias, which is mainly driven by regional sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the global climate models. The results indicate that the Southern Ocean warm bias affects the southward displacement of the northern Pacific ITCZ, while the excessive southern Pacific precipitation is induced by the warm bias along the west coast of South America. The primary cause for the southward displacement of the zonal-mean ITCZ is the northern extratropical cold bias, but fixing this bias worsens the northern Pacific precipitation bias.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yechul Shin, Sarah M. Kang
Summary: Significant progress has been made in understanding the linkage between polar regions through atmospheric teleconnections. The experimental results show a synchronous temperature response between the two poles, with warming in one pole leading to warming in the other pole, indicating a significant pole-to-pole connection.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chanyoung Park, Sarah M. Kang, Malte F. Stuecker, Fei-Fei Jin
Summary: This study reveals that the heating effect in the Eastern Pacific leads to amplified warming in the central Pacific, while the feedback mechanisms in the Western Pacific result in an El Nino-like warming pattern. The inter-model spread of the future tropical Pacific surface warming pattern can be explained by the ocean heat uptake response in the east.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanjun Kim, Angeline G. Pendergrass, Sarah M. Kang
Summary: State-of-the-art climate models show significant variability in the absorption of shortwave radiation in the atmosphere. This study investigates the causes and impacts of this variability. The differences in water vapor absorption are found to be the major source of variability. Increasing water vapor absorption leads to reduced rainfall and cooling over the tropical Pacific, similar to La Nina conditions. The reduced rainfall is compensated by weakened surface winds, stabilized boundary layer, and surface cooling. The cooling over the tropical Pacific is primarily driven by atmospheric processes. This study highlights the importance of water vapor absorption in shaping climate patterns.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shineng Hu, Shang-Ping Xie, Sarah M. Kang
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing the formation of ocean surface warming pattern and finds that ocean heat uptake plays a key role in this process.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanjun Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Ken Takahashi, Aaron Donohoe, Angeline G. Pendergrass
Summary: Through investigating the causes of inter-model spread in tropical zonal-mean precipitation pattern, it is found that the symmetric pattern is closely related to the seasonal amplitude of maximum precipitation position and is affected by clear-sky atmospheric shortwave absorption. The inter-model spread in net surface energy flux in the equatorial region, modulated by equatorial upwelling cooling, is the main factor associated with the inter-model spread in symmetric precipitation pattern.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah M. Kang, Shang-Ping Xie, Yechul Shin, Hanjun Kim, Yen-Ting Hwang, Malte F. Stuecker, Baoqiang Xiang, Matt Hawcroft
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sarah M. Kang
CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS
(2020)