Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jofia Joseph, M. S. Girishkumar, Hamza Varikoden, V. P. Thangaprakash, S. Shivaprasad, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao
Summary: The sub-daily variability of latent and sensible heat flux in the Bay of Bengal during the summer shows different patterns in weak and strong wind regimes, influenced by air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The distinct evolutions of these heat fluxes are driven by atmospheric boundary layer processes and land-sea breeze signals. The relationship between the turbulent heat fluxes and the Indian summer monsoon phases has also been established.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christopher Barrell, Ian A. Renfrew, John C. King, Steven J. Abel, Andrew D. Elvidge
Summary: In winter over the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, the strongest heat exchange between the ocean and the air occurs near the sea-ice edge. The retreat of Arctic sea ice is changing the distribution of heat exchange, affecting the formation of dense waters and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Climate model simulations show that future projections indicate a reduction in winter sea ice and air-sea heat fluxes, particularly in certain regions of the North Atlantic, with more severe impacts under high emissions scenarios.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Taimoor Sohail, Damien B. Irving, Jan D. Zika, Ryan M. Holmes, John A. Church
Summary: The study reveals that the ocean has absorbed a significant amount of heat, which can be traced back to warmer regions, with the cooling bias in the models traced back to inaccuracies in sea surface temperatures and heat fluxes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Suneil Iyer, Kyla Drushka, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Jim Thomson
Summary: The spatial variability of air-sea heat, moisture, and buoyancy fluxes in the northwestern tropical Atlantic during the January-February 2020 ATOMIC campaign was evaluated using observations from autonomous Wave Gliders and Lagrangian drifters. The study found that sea surface temperature gradients were the leading cause of systematic air-sea sensible heat flux gradients, while wind speed gradients played no significant role. The study also suggested that atmospheric gradients may result from convective structures or high-frequency turbulent fluctuations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hiroyuki Tomita, Kunio Kutsuwada, Masahisa Kubota, Tsutomu Hihara
Summary: The reliability of surface net heat flux data from J-OFURO3 was investigated using global long-term means, local accuracy evaluations, and physical consistency with the global water cycle. Imbalances were found in the surface net heat flux, particularly due to differences in turbulent heat flux and net downward surface radiation, as well as biases in surface sensible heat flux in mid- and high latitudes. Corrections to these biases helped improve the global mean net heat flux values. Additionally, the impact of low data coverage in high-latitude regions containing sea ice was assessed, with adjustments leading to significant changes in the net heat flux values.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Omira, R. S. Ramalho, J. Kim, P. J. Gonzalez, U. Kadri, J. M. Miranda, F. Carrilho, M. A. Baptista
Summary: Volcanoes can generate tsunamis through various mechanisms, with violent volcanic explosions having the potential to cause global tsunamis. The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano and the resulting tsunami provide a unique opportunity to study the role of air-water coupling processes in tsunami generation and propagation. The study reveals that the tsunami was driven by a constantly moving source, with acoustic-gravity waves exciting the ocean and transferring energy through resonance. The coupling mechanism leads to higher waves along land masses that abruptly rise from deep ocean waters.
Article
Environmental Sciences
H. O. Fagundes, A. S. Fleischmann, F. M. Fan, R. C. D. Paiva, D. C. Buarque, V. A. Siqueira, W. Collischonn, P. Borrelli
Summary: In this study, a hydrological-hydrodynamic-sediment model was used to simulate and estimate the spatial and temporal sediment changes in South American rivers from 1984 to 2019. The results showed that 51% of the main rivers in South America experienced significant changes in sediment transport, with 36% attributed to deforestation and river damming in the Amazon, and 15% to precipitation changes. Deforestation caused the highest changes in sediment transport in some Amazon sites, while hydropower expansion led to a significant reduction in sediment flows in multiple rivers. Additionally, the construction of reservoirs in the Amazon region also affected sediment transport.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Xingkun Xu, Joey J. J. Voermans, Changlong Guan, Alexander V. V. Babanin
Summary: Sea spray, composed of small ocean droplets, plays a significant role in air-sea coupling, atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, and climate. However, estimating the efficiency and accuracy of sea spray induced air-sea heat and salt fluxes is challenging due to the complexity of the microphysical process. This study implemented a novel wave-steepness-dependent sea spray model and observed that sea spray contributes positively to air-sea latent heat fluxes, leading to an overall increase in total air-sea heat fluxes and significant impacts on air-sea salt fluxes, with potential implications for global and regional climate.
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stavroula Biri, Richard C. Cornes, David I. Berry, Elizabeth C. Kent, Margaret J. Yelland
Summary: The turbulent exchanges of heat, moisture and momentum between the atmosphere and the ocean are crucial for the Earth's climate system. Direct measurements of turbulent fluxes are challenging and limited, leading to uncertainties in empirical parameterizations. This paper presents AirSeaFluxCode, an open-source software package for flux computation, providing a variety of parameterizations to explore uncertainty. Height adjustment and consideration of exchange processes also impact flux estimates. Rating: 10/10.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Sydney Sroka, Kerry Emanuel
Summary: Accurate estimates of air-sea enthalpy and momentum fluxes are crucial for predicting hurricane intensity. A study finds that at extreme wind speeds, the net sea spray-mediated enthalpy and momentum fluxes can be well-approximated by using the net sea spray mass flux alone, implying a substantial simplification of air-sea flux calculations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Blair Trewin, Anny Cazenave, Stephen Howell, Matthias Huss, Kirsten Isensee, Matthew D. Palmer, Oksana Tarasova, Alex Vermeulen
Summary: The World Meteorological Organization has established seven headline indicators for global climate monitoring, each representing different aspects of the climate system with varying levels of data availability and quality. Global mean surface temperature is monitored in close to real time, while other indicators like glacier mass balance have data with significant time lag.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ecmel Erlat, Murat Turkes, Fulya Aydin-Kandemir
Summary: The study investigated spatiotemporal changes in heatwave-related climatic characteristics in Turkey since 1950, revealing a significant increase in the frequency, duration, and intensity of heatwaves, particularly after the mid-1990s. Statistically significant abrupt changes towards increased heatwave conditions were observed in Turkey after the year 1984.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tatsuya Kubota, Tatsuhiko Saito, Kiwamu Nishida
Summary: On January 15, 2022, the eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha`apai volcano caused tsunamis, with the generation of the tsunami forerunner related to fast-moving atmospheric Lamb waves and subsequent tsunamis related to bathymetric variations in the Pacific Ocean. The tsunamis caused by this volcanic eruption are more complex and longer-lasting than ordinary earthquake-induced tsunamis.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
K. E. Altieri, K. A. M. Spence, S. Smith
Summary: Oceanic ammonia emissions are the largest natural source of ammonia globally, with the air-sea flux being consistently from the atmosphere into the ocean even in regions with high surface ocean ammonium concentrations. Temperature is the dominant control on the air-sea ammonia flux, but seasonality in the Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle may influence the direction of the flux.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. P. Clark, E. E. Clothiaux, S. B. Feldstein, S. Lee
Summary: Radiation changes at the Earth's surface, particularly in clear skies, are mainly driven by trends in atmospheric temperature and water vapor, with lesser contributions from CO2 and other greenhouse gases. The impact of well-mixed greenhouse gases on surface radiation trends varies depending on regional climatic conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)