Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengfei He, Amy C. Clement, Sydney M. Kramer, Mark A. Cane, Jeremy M. Klavans, Tyler M. Fenske, Lisa N. Murphy
Summary: The multidecadal variability in the tropical Atlantic climate is influenced by the cross-equatorial gradient in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), which is largely driven by radiative perturbations associated with anthropogenic emissions and volcanic aerosols. This relationship is obscured in models due to overestimations of warming trends in the Northern Hemisphere. However, when these overestimations are removed, correlations between SSTs and Atlantic hurricane formation and Sahel rainfall emerge, especially since 1950 when anthropogenic aerosol forcing has been high.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tyler Cox, Kyle C. Armour, Gerard H. Roe, Aaron Donohoe, Dargan M. W. Frierson
Summary: This study focuses on the controls of atmospheric heat transport, specifically radiation and dynamics. The research shows that rotation rate and radiative tendency influence the strength of the Hadley cell and the efficiency of heat transport by eddies, with these controls not always operating independently and sometimes reinforcing each other. The study also examines how different components of atmospheric heat transport vary with latitude and how they sum to produce a smoothly varying total heat transport with latitude.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marius Arthun
Summary: Water mass transformation and overflow of dense waters across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge play a crucial role in maintaining the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The variability in Nordic Seas overturning circulation between 1950 and 2020 is found to be related to surface buoyancy forcing in the eastern Nordic Seas. The multidecadal variability in the Nordic Seas overturning circulation is in phase with the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability index, but there is no long-term trend.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexandre Audette, Robert A. Fajber, Paul J. Kushner, Yutian Wu, Yannick Peings, Gudrun Magnusdottir, Rosie Eade, Michael Sigmond, Lantao Sun
Summary: The PAMIP project separates the effects of sea ice loss and ocean surface warming on atmospheric transport and moisture, revealing a competitive relationship between the two and suggesting that climate change can have competing impacts on global energy transport from the tropics to the Arctic.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jon Robson, Matthew B. Menary, Rowan T. Sutton, Jenny Mecking, Jonathan M. Gregory, Colin Jones, Bablu Sinha, David P. Stevens, Laura J. Wilcox
Summary: Studies have shown that anthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing leads to a strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and there is a strong correlation between surface heat loss over the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) and the forced strengthening of the AMOC. However, the AMOC response is not strongly related to the contribution of anomalous downwelling surface shortwave radiation to SPNA heat loss. The spread in AMOC response is primarily due to the variability in turbulent heat loss. Furthermore, models suggest that the large turbulent heat loss in models with strong AA forcing may be attributed to colder and drier air advected over the ocean, caused by greater AA-forced cooling over the upwind continents.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
I. L. Bashmachnikov, R. P. Raj, P. Golubkin, I. E. Kozlov
Summary: This study compares the statistics of mesoscale eddies in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas, finding that eddies in the central Greenland Sea are less intense and have smaller heat anomalies compared to those in the Norwegian Sea. The study also confirms the significant impact of eddies generated from the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current on heat transport to the Arctic.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matthew T. Luongo, Shang-Ping Xie, Ian Eisenman
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigate the partitioning between buoyancy and momentum forcing in the ocean's response to changes in cross-equatorial ocean heat transport (OHT). They find that buoyancy-driven changes in the deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) dominate in the Atlantic, while buoyancy-driven changes in the Indo-Pacific's shallow subtropical cells (STCs) are the primary driver of heat transport changes in the Indo-Pacific. The results suggest that understanding the ocean's total response to energy perturbations by partitioning into buoyancy and momentum forcing provides insight into how the ocean damps intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) migrations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chiung -Yin Chang, Timothy M. Merlis
Summary: This study examines the role of diffusivity changes in the large-scale contrast of surface warming from the equator to the poles, and proposes new analytic theories to describe this change. The results show that, for reasonable choices of parameter values, the diffusivity changes in response to radiative forcing are limited and do not eliminate polar-amplified warming.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yoania Povea-Perez, Eric Guilyardi, Alexey V. Fedorov, Brady Ferster
Summary: Poleward heat transport is important for the Earth's climate system. The Bjerknes compensation hypothesis plays a significant role in climate variability at timescales of decades and centuries, and is associated with variations in oceanic and atmospheric heat transport induced by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The study finds that the Bjerknes compensation occurs in the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate model at both multi-decadal and centennial timescales, and is stronger on centennial timescales.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Alice Marzocchi, A. J. George Nurser, Louis Clement, Elaine L. McDonagh
Summary: By utilizing numerical simulations with an ocean-sea-ice model, this study investigates the subduction of water and uptake of properties from the atmosphere by the ocean, along with the transport and redistribution of these properties over time. Through the use of simulated seawater vintage dyes, the analysis shows the regional and depth distribution of water and associated properties absorption, aiding in understanding the temporal and spatial variability of passive tracers in the ocean.
Review
Oceanography
Michael A. Spall, Mattia Almansi, Jie Huang, Thomas W. N. Haine, Robert S. Pickart
Summary: This study discusses the transport of heat and salt through the Nordic Seas based on a regional, high-resolution coupled sea ice-ocean numerical model and climatological data. The analysis shows that warm, salty water is exported from the Norwegian Sea into the Greenland and Iceland Seas, with the mean cyclonic boundary current system and eddy fluxes playing important roles in this exchange.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David J. Lorenz
Summary: The relative roles of meridional temperature gradients and static stability in the extratropical response to thermal perturbations were explored. The changes in meridional temperature gradients had the largest contribution to the zonal-mean zonal wind changes, while the static stability changes were also important. The mechanism for the static stability response did not directly involve the eddies. Instead, the advection of the static stability perturbation accounted for most of the zonal wind response to static stability.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Pengfei Zhang, Gang Chen, Yi Ming
Summary: This study provides a new analysis on the circulation response to increasing CO2 concentration in an aquaplanet atmospheric model. The results show that the zonal advection feedback plays a significant role in changes to the eddy-driven jet shift and Hadley cell expansion, contributing to the subtropical precipitation decline. The study highlights the distinct effect of zonal mean advecting wind and direct thermodynamic effects in atmospheric response to greenhouse gas increases.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qianjiang Xing, Andreas Klocker, David Munday, Joanne Whittaker
Summary: This study demonstrates the crucial role of turbulent processes in setting the strength of the global ocean's deep-reaching Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and explains the dynamics behind the changes in the lower cell of the MOC associated with the geological evolution of Southern Ocean gateways. The opening of a gateway leads to the abrupt onset of a vigorous, deep-reaching MOC, which decreases with further deepening of the gateway.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hyo-Jeong Kim, Soon-Il An, Soong-Ki Kim, Jae-Heung Park
Summary: This study aims to improve the understanding of transient thermohaline circulation responses under rapidly varying forcing and their dependence on forcing time scales. The results suggest that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation collapse and recovery occur at higher and lower freshwater forcing values, respectively, when the forcing time scale is shorter.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Yuki Yasuda, Michael A. Spall
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2015)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Georgy E. Manucharyan, Michael A. Spall
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2016)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael A. Spall, Niklas Schneider
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2016)
Editorial Material
Oceanography
Joseph Pedlosky, Michael A. Spall
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2016)
Article
Oceanography
Michael A. Spall, Leif N. Thomas
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2016)
Article
Oceanography
Georgy E. Manucharyan, Michael A. Spall, Andrew F. Thompson
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2016)
Article
Oceanography
Georgy E. Manucharyan, Andrew F. Thompson, Michael A. Spall
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2017)
Article
Oceanography
Michael A. Spall, Rebecca H. Jackson, Fiammetta Straneo
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2017)
Article
Oceanography
Xinfeng Liang, Michael Spall, Carl Wunsch
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2017)
Article
Oceanography
C. A. Katsman, S. S. Drijfhout, H. A. Dijkstra, M. A. Spall
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2018)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Robin Waldman, Nils Brueggemann, Anthony Bosse, Michael Spall, Samuel Somot, Florence Sevault
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2018)
Article
Oceanography
Michael A. Spall, Robert S. Pickart, Min Li, Motoyo Itoh, Peigen Lin, Takashi Kikuchi, Yiquan Qi
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2018)
Article
Oceanography
Jie Huang, Robert S. Pickart, Hedinn Valdimarsson, Peigen Lin, Michael A. Spall, Fanghua Xu
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2019)
Review
Oceanography
Helen L. Johnson, Paola Cessi, David P. Marshall, Fabian Schloesser, Michael A. Spall
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2019)
Article
Oceanography
Michael A. Spall, David Nieves
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2020)