Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
B. J. Hoskins, G. -Y. Yang
Summary: The global perspective presented in this paper emphasizes the importance of deep tropical convection in influencing the dynamics of the upper branch of the Hadley cell. The westward movement of filamentary outflows from tropical convection events and their interaction with the winter subtropical jet contribute to the flux of westerly momentum from the winter tropics to the summer hemisphere. The interaction between tropical and extratropical systems plays a significant role in the dynamics of the Hadley cell.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Han Huang, Yi Huang
Summary: The radiation energy balance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is crucial for understanding and validating global climate models (GCMs). This study uses new radiative kernels to identify radiation biases in GCMs caused by different geophysical variables. It finds that clouds are the primary cause of radiation biases, but non-cloud variables also contribute significantly. The study highlights the importance of validating GCM simulations for both overall and component radiation biases.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Huihui Feng, Jian Xiong, Shuchao Ye, Bin Zou, Wei Wang
Summary: This study estimated the influence of vegetation on the surface radiation budget using satellite observations. The results showed that the global surface radiation budget was predominantly positive over the past two decades, with vegetation contributing significantly to this positive budget. The influence of vegetation on the total radiation budget was relatively high and showed an increasing trend. The vegetation influence was affected by the interactions of atmospheric factors.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
B. J. Hoskins, G-Y Yang
Summary: This paper provides a detailed analysis of the December-February Hadley cell as seen in a 30-yr climatology of ERA-Interim data, focusing on the dynamics of the upper branch of the Hadley cell. The results show that active convection predominantly leads to upper-tropospheric outflows and structures, affecting the interaction between tropical eddies and higher-latitude systems. The study supports a new conceptual model of the Hadley cell based on the sporadic nature of active tropical convection in time and space.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J-L F. Li, Kuan-Man Xu, Wei-Liang Lee, J. H. Jiang, Eric Fetzer, Jia-Yuh Yu, Yi-Hui Wang, Graeme Stephens, Li-Chaio Wang
Summary: The land skin temperature (Ts) is directly influenced by surface energy balance, particularly radiative energy, and can be linked to model representation of hydrometeors in the atmosphere. The differences between simulations with and without radiative effects of falling ice hydrometeors are more pronounced in surface energy fluxes and temperature changes across different latitudinal zones. Temporal correlation analysis shows that the relationship between Ts and falling ice hydrometeor changes is stronger at high latitudes but weakened by shortwave changes at low latitudes.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
X. Lan, S. Basu, S. Schwietzke, L. M. P. Bruhwiler, E. J. Dlugokencky, S. E. Michel, O. A. Sherwood, P. P. Tans, K. Thoning, G. Etiope, Q. Zhuang, L. Liu, Y. Oh, J. B. Miller, G. Petron, B. H. Vaughn, M. Crippa
Summary: The study investigated the drivers behind the global atmospheric methane increase after 2006 by simulating emission and sink scenarios in a tracer transport model. Fossil fuel emissions were unlikely to be the main driver for the post-2006 methane increase, and a decrease in hydroxyl radicals could not explain the observed increase. Different methane sinks have varying fractionation factors for delta C-13 methane, introducing uncertainty in the results.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ori Adam, Alexander Farnsworth, Daniel J. Lunt
Summary: The variation of the tropical rain belt is largely driven by equatorial precipitation inhibition. The tropical modality is a fundamental characteristic of tropical climate, which is associated with the width of the rain belt and the meridional overturning circulation. Low modality regions exhibit monsoonal seasonal variations, while high modality regions have three independent seasonal modes of variation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Economics
Babar Nawaz Abbasi, Zhimin Luo, Ali Sohail, Liu Yang, Huimin Liang, Rongrong Chen
Summary: This paper utilizes the ThSVAR model to analyze global data from 2000 to 2019 and investigates the impact of education budget, health budget, and environmental footprint on national development. The findings indicate that while global shocks to education and health budgets partially contribute to economic growth and human development, the environmental footprint has a negative effect on economic growth. Additionally, education and health budgets partially reduce the unemployment rate, while the environmental footprint increases it. A few policy recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided based on these findings.
JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Qi Zeng, Jie Cheng
Summary: This study utilizes time extension methods to estimate high-spatial resolution surface daily longwave radiation, with the linear sine interpolation method showing the best performance. Adjusting the day length improves the accuracy of daily longwave radiation estimations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Grant Matthews
Summary: Comparison between the Orbital Earth Radiation Budget measurement and models is crucial for climate prediction accuracy. Contrary to NASA's findings, the MERBE experiment suggests that the Sun is not causing increased warming on Earth, and the stability and reliability of CERES results may be questionable. Additionally, MERBE is able to resolve Cloud Radiative Forcing signals from existing records, providing insights that official observations may take decades to achieve.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qi Zeng, Jie Cheng, Mengfei Guo
Summary: This study comprehensively evaluates the accuracy of mainstream surface longwave (LW) radiation products (GLASS, CERES SYN and ERA5) in terms of surface longwave upward radiation (SLUR) and surface longwave downward radiation (SLDR). The GLASS product shows the best accuracy under clear-sky conditions, while ERA5 has the best overall accuracy. The global annual mean values of SLUR and SLDR are quantified, along with their temporal variations from 2003 to 2020. This evaluation and trend analysis contribute to understanding global energy balance and climate change.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christopher Lucas, Irina Rudeva, Hanh Nguyen, Ghyslaine Boschat, Pandora Hope
Summary: This study examines the global mean meridional circulation (MMC) from 1979 to 2017 using ERA-Interim reanalysis data, identifying various features such as the Hadley circulation and extratropical storm track. Significant changes were found in the Southern Hemisphere in the late-1990s, linked to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, while the Northern Hemisphere showed less substantial changes. Multiple non-reanalysis-based datasets support the findings of large changes occurring in the Southern Hemisphere during the 1990s.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Spencer A. Hill, Simona Bordoni, Jonathan L. Mitchell
Summary: This paper presents a theory for the latitudinal extents of the Hadley cells throughout the annual cycle. By combining recent scaling for the ascending edge latitude based on low-latitude supercriticality with the theory for the poleward, descending edge latitudes based on baroclinic instability and a uniform Rossby number, the authors derive predictive expressions for all three Hadley cell edges. The theory is validated through simulations in an idealized aquaplanet general circulation model.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ryan M. Bright, Stephanie Eisner
Summary: Parametric modeling of downwelling longwave irradiance under all-sky conditions usually relies on solar-irradiance-based proxies to correct clear-sky model estimates due to uncertainties and measurement challenges in actual cloud cover. This study proposes a cloud-free correction model that does not depend on solar-derived cloud proxies and is applicable at the global and daily scales. The new model outperforms existing cloud-free modeling approaches and corrections based on solar-derived cloudiness proxies in various environments. Benchmarking against literature-based performance indicates comparable or superior performance compared to conventional parametric modeling approaches and satellite-based algorithms.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Pengfei Zhang, Gang Chen, Yi Ming
Summary: This study provides a new analysis on the circulation response to increasing CO2 concentration in an aquaplanet atmospheric model. The results show that the zonal advection feedback plays a significant role in changes to the eddy-driven jet shift and Hadley cell expansion, contributing to the subtropical precipitation decline. The study highlights the distinct effect of zonal mean advecting wind and direct thermodynamic effects in atmospheric response to greenhouse gas increases.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
John W. Rostron, David M. H. Sexton, Carol F. McSweeney, Kuniko Yamazaki, Timothy Andrews, Kalli Furtado, Mark A. Ringer, Yoko Tsushima
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
K. D. Williams, A. J. Hewitt, A. Bodas-Salcedo
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Martin B. Andrews, Jeff K. Ridley, Richard A. Wood, Timothy Andrews, Edward W. Blockley, Ben Booth, Eleanor Burke, Andrea J. Dittus, Piotr Florek, Lesley J. Gray, Stephen Haddad, Steven C. Hardiman, Leon Hermanson, Dan Hodson, Emma Hogan, Gareth S. Jones, Jeff R. Knight, Till Kuhlbrodt, Stergios Misios, Matthew S. Mizielinski, Mark A. Ringer, Jon Robson, Rowan T. Sutton
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yoko Tsushima, Mark A. Ringer, Gill M. Martin, John W. Rostron, David M. H. Sexton
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Erica Rosenblum, Mark Ringer, Jeff Ridley, Danny Feltham, Cecilia Bitz, Eric J. Steig, Eric Wolff, Julienne Stroeve, Alistair Sellar
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Daniel T. McCoy, Paul Field, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Gregory S. Elsaesser, Mark D. Zelinka
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tim H. J. Hermans, Jonathan M. Gregory, Matthew D. Palmer, Mark A. Ringer, Caroline A. Katsman, Aimee B. A. Slangen
Summary: The effective climate sensitivity of CMIP6 models has increased compared to CMIP5, leading to higher projections of global surface air temperature and more pronounced differences in global mean sea-level rise rates around 2100. Early emission reductions are crucial for mitigating sea-level rise.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanii Takahashi, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Graeme Stephens
Summary: The latest version of the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, HadGEM3, has made significant changes in warm rain processes and aerosols formulation. Results show weak linkage between particle radius size and warm rain formation processes in HadGEM3, with the new warm rain microphysics scheme causing more difference in warm rain formation processes than the new aerosol scheme. An experiment perturbing the second aerosol indirect effect in HadGEM3 reveals a large impact on warm rain diagnostics, with adjustments in cloud liquid water path producing a large negative shortwave forcing in the midlatitudes.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
C. J. Smith, G. R. Harris, M. D. Palmer, N. Bellouin, W. Collins, G. Myhre, M. Schulz, J. -C. Golaz, M. Ringer, T. Storelvmo, P. M. Forster
Summary: A time history of historical aerosol effective radiative forcing from 1750 to 2019 was developed in this study, which shows a modest recovery in aerosol forcing between 1980 and 2014. The analysis also gives a range of equilibrium climate sensitivity, with a best estimate of 3.1 degrees C, and a transient climate response with a best estimate of 1.8 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hans Gleisner, Mark A. Ringer, Sean B. Healy
Summary: The emerging signal of climate change is clearly evident in GNSS radio occultation data, matching predictions made 15 years ago. The observed RO trends demonstrate the value of RO measurements for climate monitoring and their use in weather forecasting and atmospheric reanalyses.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Dimitra Konsta, Jean-Louis Dufresne, Helene Chepfer, Jessica Vial, Tsuyoshi Koshiro, Hideaki Kawai, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Romain Roehrig, Masahiro Watanabe, Tomoo Ogura
Summary: Several studies have shown that most climate models underestimate cloud cover and overestimate cloud reflectivity, particularly for the tropical low-level clouds. Through analyzing the characteristics of low-level tropical marine clouds simulated by six climate models, it is found that these models still exhibit a bias of too few and too bright clouds, and the reflectivity is particularly overestimated when cloud cover is low.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Timothy Andrews, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Jonathan M. Gregory, Yue Dong, Kyle C. Armour, David Paynter, Pu Lin, Angshuman Modak, Thorsten Mauritsen, Jason N. S. Cole, Brian Medeiros, James J. Benedict, Herve Douville, Romain Roehrig, Tsuyoshi Koshiro, Hideaki Kawai, Tomoo Ogura, Jean-Louis Dufresne, Richard P. Allan, Chunlei Liu
Summary: The pattern of sea-surface temperature change has a significant impact on radiative feedback. The Earth experienced warming with feedbacks consistent with long-term climate sensitivity feedbacks over the historical record. However, unusual trends in tropical Pacific SSTs and cooling in the Southern Ocean post 1980 led to climate feedback becoming uncorrelated with expected long-term CO2 increase, indicating lower climate sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Law
A. Bodas-Salcedo, J. M. Gregory, D. M. H. Sexton, C. P. Morice
Summary: We developed a statistical method to assess CMIP6 simulations of surface temperature change, considering variability, uncertainty, and ensemble size. This method is a useful tool due to its generality and incorporation of information about unforced variability.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
F. A. P. Earce, A. Bodas Salcedo
Summary: We calculate the implied horizontal heat transport due to the spatial anomalies of radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The regional patterns of implied heat transport for different components of the TOA fluxes are calculated by solving the Poisson equation with the flux components as source terms. The direct effect of clouds is to reduce the poleward heat transport in the majority of the Northern Hemisphere and at high southern latitudes.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel T. McCoy, Paul R. Field, Gregory S. Elsaesser, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Brian H. Kahn, Mark D. Zelinka, Chihiro Kodama, Thorsten Mauritsen, Benoit Vanniere, Malcolm Roberts, Pier L. Vidale, David Saint-Martin, Aurore Voldoire, Rein Haarsma, Adrian Hill, Ben Shipway, Jonathan Wilkinson
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2019)