Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe, Shiori Kobayashi, Jeongtae Kim, Yoshinori Kosaka, Masanobu Sunagawa, Akihito Okabe, Chitoshi Takayama
Summary: This study describes the transmission of GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmitters and inhibitory networks in the mature mouse spinal cord. The research also provides insights into the developmental formation of these networks, including neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, maturation of removal systems, and changes in their function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Carla Cristina Miranda Castro, Sayonara Pereira Silva, Livia Nascimento Rabelo, Jose Pablo Goncalves Queiroz, Laura Damasceno Campos, Larissa Camila Silva, Felipe Porto Fiuza
Summary: The study found that there are regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the aging human hippocampus, which are influenced by factors such as age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins. These findings provide insights into the distinct physiological changes that occur in hippocampal sub-regions and neurotransmitter systems during normal aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niels Christian Danbolt, Beatriz Lopez-Corcuera, Yun Zhou
Summary: In order to study transporter proteins, they must be situated in a phospholipid membrane forming a closed compartment, and transport depends on electrochemical gradients. Baruch I. Kanner developed techniques for studying plasma membrane vesicles to control these gradients, and solubilized membranes to study transporter proteins by reconstituting them. This method, described in detail in the review, has had a significant scientific impact.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yucui Zhang, Ming Zhang, Ting Li, Xinxia Zhang, Li Wang
Summary: Quinoa, when subjected to cold stress treatment, showed a significant increase in GABA content, making it a promising functional food with enhanced bioactive ingredients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshikazu Kakizaki, Tomokazu Ohshiro, Makoto Itakura, Kohtarou Konno, Masahiko Watanabe, Hajime Mushiake, Yuchio Yanagawa
Summary: GAD65 deficiency causes different phenotypes between rats and mice, with Gad2(-/-) rats being more severely affected and exhibiting more severe symptoms such as epilepsy and premature death. Considering the similarity of GAD65/GAD67 ratio in human brains to that in rat brains, Gad2(-/-) rats would be useful for further investigating the roles of GAD65 in vivo.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes, Patricia Lawane Freitas, Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura, Eduardo Gusmao Pereira, Philippe Juneau
Summary: AMPA has been found to interfere with chlorophyll biosynthesis by reducing the activity of glycine decarboxylase (GDC), leading to glycine accumulation and glutamate (Glu) deprivation in plants. Glu deprivation prevents the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in chloroplasts, interfering with chlorophyll synthesis. However, the negative effect of AMPA on chlorophyll concentration can be reversed by supplementing growth media with Glu or ALA.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dana Marafi, Jawid M. Fatih, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Matteo P. Ferla, Charul Gijavanekar, Aljazi Al-Maraghi, Ning Liu, Emily Sites, Hessa S. Alsaif, Mohammad Al-Owain, Mohamed Zakkariah, Ehab El-Anany, Ulviyya Guliyeva, Sughra Guliyeva, Colette Gaba, Ateeq Haseeb, Amal M. Alhashem, Enam Danish, Vasiliki Karageorgou, Christian Beetz, Alaa A. Subhi, Sureni Mullegama, Erin Torti, Monisha Sebastin, Margo Sheck Breilyn, Susan Duberstein, Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid, Tadahiro Mitani, Haowei Du, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Zeynep Coban Akdemir, Richard A. Gibbs, Jenny C. Taylor, Khalid A. Fakhro, Jill Hunter, Davut Pehlivan, Maha S. Zaki, Joseph G. Gleeson, Reza Maroofian, Henry Houlden, Jennifer E. Posey, V. Reid Sutton, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Sarah H. Elsea, James R. Lupski
Summary: SLC38A3 is a novel disease gene for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and the likely pathophysiology of the disease is perturbations in glutamine homeostasis.
Article
Cell Biology
Silas A. Buck, Thomas Steinkellner, Despoina Aslanoglou, Michael Villeneuve, Sai H. Bhatte, Victoria C. Childers, Sophie A. Rubin, Briana R. De Miranda, Emma O'Leary, Elizabeth G. Neureiter, Keri J. Fogle, Michael J. Palladino, Ryan W. Logan, Jill R. Glausier, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis, J. Timothy Greenamyre, Brian D. McCabe, Claire E. J. Cheetham, Thomas S. Hnasko, Zachary Freyberg
Summary: The study revealed the impact of age and sex differences on dopamine neuron vulnerability, with males exhibiting greater decreases in neuron number and locomotion during aging, and dynamic changes in VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons possibly serving as a compensatory mechanism. Female fruit flies were found to possess higher levels of VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons compared to males, and diminishing VGLUT expression eliminated their greater resilience to neuron loss. Optimal control over VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons was identified as essential for neuron survival and a potential therapeutic target for age- and PD-related neurodegeneration.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah E. Heron, Brigid M. Regan, Rebekah V. Harris, Alison E. Gardner, Matthew J. Coleman, Mark F. Bennett, Bronwyn E. Grinton, Katherine L. Helbig, Michael R. Sperling, Sheryl Haut, Eric B. Geller, Peter Widdess-Walsh, James T. Pelekanos, Melanie Bahlo, Slave Petrovski, Erin L. Heinzen, Michael S. Hildebrand, Mark A. Corbett, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Jozef Gecz, Samuel F. Berkovic
Summary: Missense variants in SLC32A1 have been identified as causative for GEFS+ and IGE, leading to altered neuronal inhibition by affecting GABA transport. These findings have been validated by studying multiple families.
Article
Neurosciences
Lidia Bravo, Patricia Mariscal, Meritxell Llorca-Torralba, Jose Maria Lopez-Cepero, Juan Nacher, Esther Berrocoso
Summary: This study examined the effects of neuropathic pain on noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and found that neuropathic pain leads to an increase in excitatory synapse markers and a decrease in mitochondrial and lysosomal densities. Long-term pain also activates apoptosis.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhiping Mi, Eric E. Abrahamson, Angela Y. Ryu, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Julia K. Kofler, Kenneth N. Fish, Robert A. Sweet, Victor L. Villemagne, Julie A. Schneider, Elliott J. Mufson, Milos D. Ikonomovic
Summary: Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to impaired default mode network function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The frontal cortex (FC) may undergo a glutamatergic plasticity response in prodromal AD, while the status of glutamatergic synapses in the precuneus (PreC) during clinical-neuropathological AD progression is not known.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Renae M. Ryan, Susan L. Ingram, Annalisa Scimemi
Summary: Neurotransmitter transporters play a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter concentration and can be dynamically regulated through redistribution and stabilization. This allows for adjustments in uptake capacity for different neurotransmitters in response to changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, and cell-to-cell interactions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Y. S. Cho, H. G. Ko, H. M. Han, S. K. Park, S. J. Moozhayil, S. Y. Choi, Y. C. Bae
Summary: The study examined the differences in types of VGLUT + axons that coexpress neuropeptides in rat and human dental pulp, suggesting potential variations in peripheral mechanisms of pulpal inflammatory pain between rats and humans.
INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patryk Rodek, Malgorzata Kowalczyk, Jan Kowalski, Aleksander Owczarek, Piotr Choreza, Krzysztof Kucia
Summary: This study found an association between the SCL1A2 gene rs4354668 polymorphism and depression occurrence. However, no similar results were observed for the SLC6A5 and SLC6A9 polymorphisms. Further research is needed to validate these findings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Nize Otaru, Kun Ye, Denisa Mujezinovic, Laura Berchtold, Florentin Constancias, Fabian A. Cornejo, Adam Krzystek, Tomas de Wouters, Christian Braegger, Christophe Lacroix, Benoit Pugin
Summary: Research investigated GABA production of Bacteroides and its protective role in acid stress, revealing the widespread presence of the GAD system in Bacteroides and its potential as the only amino acid-dependent acid tolerance system in the genus.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.