Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentina Rabattoni, Loredano Pollegioni, Gabriella Tedeschi, Elisa Maffioli, Silvia Sacchi
Summary: The study identified different isoforms of hDASPO, with the hDASPO_369 isoform found in the hippocampus of female Alzheimer's disease patients. Stable expression of hDASPO isoforms in human glioblastoma cell clones showed lower expression of hDASPO_369 compared to the canonical isoform. Both isoforms are active, localized to peroxisomes, and degraded primarily through the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Article
Microbiology
Daiki Imanishi, Yoshio Kera, Shouji Takahashi
Summary: This study identified ChAap4 as a key player in the uptake of d-aspartic acid and suggested its involvement in the induction of ChDDO expression. Deletion of ChAAP4 not only resulted in growth defects on acidic amino acids, but also significantly decreased the induction of DDO activity and ChDDO transcription in response to d-Asp.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masumi Katane, Satsuki Matsuda, Yasuaki Saitoh, Tetsuya Miyamoto, Masae Sekine, Kumiko Sakai-Kato, Hiroshi Homma
Summary: Multiple d-amino acids play distinctive physiological functions in mammalian cells, with d-aspartate being critical in neuroendocrine and endocrine systems as well as the central nervous system. The study established a cell line overexpressing cytoplasm-localized DDO, which cannot survive in the presence of high d-aspartate concentrations due to toxic hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Additionally, a clone of GRHPR was found to affect d-aspartate metabolism and improve cell survival.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Masanobu Yoshikawa, Takugi Kan, Kosuke Shirose, Mariko Watanabe, Mitsumasa Matsuda, Kenji Ito, Mitsuru Kawaguchi
Summary: High concentrations of d-aspartic acid and low concentrations of d-serine and d-alanine were found in the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands in rats. Enzymes including d-amino acid oxidase, d-aspartate oxidase, and serine racemase were detected in these major salivary glands. The N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor subunits NR1 and NR2D were also present. These findings suggest that d-amino acids play a physiological role in the endocrine and exocrine functions of salivary glands.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kengo Kajitani, Takumi Ishikawa, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Miharu Asato, Kimihiko Shibata, Tomoaki Kouya, Shouji Takahashi
Summary: This study demonstrates the factors contributing to high production ability of D-Aspartate (D-Asp) in lactic acid bacteria. The strain WDN19 showed significantly higher D-Asp production compared to other strains, which was mainly attributed to its elevated RacD and AnsA activities, as well as increased L-Asp supply.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gregory Gauthier-Coles, Angelika Broer, Malcolm Donald McLeod, Amee J. George, Ross D. Hannan, Stefan Broer
Summary: SNAT2 is an important amino acid transporter involved in amino acid accumulation, cellular osmolarity, and cell growth. A potent inhibitor of SNAT2 has been identified through high-throughput screening, with selectivity against other transporters. Combined with a glucose transport inhibitor, this compound can halt the proliferative growth of cancer cells.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kazuya Yamanaka, Ryo Ozaki, Yoshimitsu Hamano, Tadao Oikawa
Summary: The study highlights the role of the unique enzyme PddB in catalyzing the stereoinversion of Dab, providing insights into its mechanism and evolution. Experimental results show that PddB efficiently catalyzes the stereoinversion of Dab, exhibiting similarities to typical PLP-independent racemases/epimerases in properties. Through methods like 3D structural modeling, researchers revealed the structural similarity between PddB and DapF, aiding in the prediction of amino acid residues responsible for catalyzing specific substrates.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suzeeta Bhandari, Kirpal S. Bisht, David J. Merkler
Summary: Fatty acid amides are lipids composed of a fatty acid and a biogenic amine. This review focuses on a lesser-known sub-class of fatty acid amides called N-acyl aromatic amino acids (NA-ArAAs). The review highlights the identified NA-ArAAs from biological sources and presents information on their biosynthesis, degradation, enzymatic modification, and transport, as well as their cellular functions. The aim of this review is to stimulate future research on this underappreciated sub-class of the fatty acid amide family.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Robin Mesnage, Maxime Teixeira, Daniele Mandrioli, Laura Falcioni, Quinten Raymond Ducarmon, Romy Danielle Zwittink, Francesca Mazzacuva, Anna Caldwell, John Halket, Caroline Amiel, Jean-Michel Panoff, Fiorella Belpoggi, Michael Nicolas Antoniou
Summary: The study demonstrates that glyphosate and its formulation Roundup MON 52276 can inhibit the shikimate pathway in the rat gut microbiome, with limited physiological consequences. Glyphosate treatment is associated with oxidative stress, while MON 52276 shows more pronounced effects on serum metabolites.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Julien Besnard, Unnati Sonawala, Bal Maharjan, Eva Collakova, Scott A. Finlayson, Guillaume Pilot, John McDowell, Sakiko Okumoto
Summary: Amino acids play important roles in biosynthesis and signaling, affecting plant development and immune responses. Changes in amino acid levels can trigger stress phenotypes and pathogen resistance through various pathways, indicating a link between amino acid transport and stress responses.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zachary A. Kemmerer, Kyle P. Robinson, Jonathan M. Schmitz, Mateusz Manicki, Brett R. Paulson, Adam Jochem, Paul D. Hutchins, Joshua J. Coon, David J. Pagliarini
Summary: The authors have identified two proteins, Ypl109c (Cqd1) and Ylr253w (Cqd2), with reciprocal CoQ trafficking functions in yeast, shedding light on the regulation of Coenzyme Q distribution in the cell. Loss of Cqd1 skews CoQ distribution away from mitochondria, while loss of Cqd2 promotes the opposite effect.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiumin Fu, Yinyin Liao, Sihua Cheng, Xinlan Xu, Don Grierson, Ziyin Yang
Summary: Theanine is a key amino acid in tea plants, synthesized mainly in the cytosol of roots and shoots. Its biosynthesis is regulated by specific genes and affected by light in leaf tissues, contributing significantly to the functionality and quality of tea.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tetsuya Miyamoto, Toshiyuki Moriya, Masumi Katane, Yasuaki Saitoh, Masae Sekine, Kumiko Sakai-Kato, Tairo Oshima, Hiroshi Homma
Summary: In this study, a novel D-amino acid aminotransferase (TM0831) was identified and characterized in Thermotoga maritima. TM0831 exhibited aminotransferase and racemase activities, and was involved in the production of D-amino acids in T. maritima.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomokazu Ito, Natsumi Muto, Haruna Sakagami, Miho Tanaka, Hisashi Hemmi, Tohru Yoshimura
Summary: In recent years, it has been found that most existing organisms do not depend on D-amino acids for growth, limiting our understanding of their biological functions. However, researchers have discovered an Escherichia coli strain lacking major D-Ala and D-Glu biosynthetic enzymes that can grow well when supplemented with certain D-amino acids. This finding provides a new platform for further research on D-amino acid-metabolizing enzymes.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yuankun Deng, Hao Cheng, Junyao Li, Hui Han, Ming Qi, Nan Wang, Bi'e Tan, Jianjun Li, Jing Wang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of glutamine (gln), glutamate (glu), and aspartate (asp) treatment on the intestinal barrier integrity and amino acid pool in weaning piglets. The results showed that supplementation with gln, glu, and asp improved the intestinal barrier function and amino acid pool regulation, but the benefits might be diminished by the low-energy diet.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)