Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John M. Barbaro, Simone Sidoli, Ana Maria Cuervo, Joan W. Berman
Summary: HIV-NCI is a debilitating condition that affects people with HIV, and the use of methamphetamine can worsen the neurocognitive impairment. Meth inhibits phagocytosis and dysregulates autophagy in HIV-infected macrophages, leading to increased neurotoxicity. Despite the limited effects of commonly used ART drugs, targeting differentially expressed proteins may provide new intervention strategies for improving neurocognition in HIV-NCI patients using meth.
Article
Virology
Jeffrey M. Rogers, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Maria Cecilia G. Marcondes, Erin E. Morgan, Mariana Cherner, Ronald J. Ellis, Scott L. Letendre, Robert K. Heaton, Igor Grant
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of methamphetamine and cannabis on neurocognition in people living with HIV (PLWH) and explore if the interaction between methamphetamine-cannabis use disorder and HIV status influenced neurocognitive outcomes. The results showed that participants with methamphetamine-cannabis use disorder (M+C-) performed worse on executive functions, learning, memory, and working memory compared to those with only methamphetamine use disorder (M+C+). HIV disease severity was associated with lower overall neurocognitive performance, particularly in PLWH with polysubstance use disorder (M+C+). The findings suggest that cannabis use may mitigate the deleterious effects of methamphetamine.
Review
Neurosciences
Michael I. Posner, Aldis P. Weible, Pascale Voelker, Mary K. Rothbart, Cristopher M. Niell
Summary: Attention is an essential component in learning, and studies have shown how attention and memory interact during skill learning. Pathways connecting attention networks and the hippocampus have been identified in both animal and human studies, particularly linking the executive and orienting networks with the hippocampus through different regions. These findings have led to specific predictions about the functional roles of these pathways and suggest potential methods for manipulation and assessment using viral expression techniques in mice. Further studies may provide insights into how these pathways work together during skill learning.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Bhavani Shankara Bagepally, Rakesh Balachandar, Ravibabu Kalahasthi, Ravikesh Tripathi, Madhumita Haridoss
Summary: Chronic exposure to aluminum is associated with impaired cognitive function, particularly in memory, processing speed, and working memory domains, according to this systematic review and meta-analysis. However, there was no significant impact on other cognitive domains. Most included studies showed a serious risk of bias, highlighting the need for further high-quality research for conclusive evidence.
Article
Neurosciences
Delaney L. Davis, Daniel B. Metzger, Philip H. Vann, Jessica M. Wong, Kumudu H. Subasinghe, Isabelle K. Garlotte, Nicole R. Phillips, Ritu A. Shetty, Michael J. Forster, Nathalie Sumien
Summary: This study investigated the long-term effects of chronic exposure to the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) on cognitive and motor functions, finding sex differences in the effects and no role for oxidative stress in the observed behavioral outcomes.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Juan Carlos Bustamante, Belen Fernandez-Castilla, Manuel Alcaraz-Iborra
Summary: Previous research has shown conflicting results about the effects of screen media use in children under 6 years old. This study is the first to conduct a meta-analysis on the relationship between overall screen time use and EF in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. The analysis included 15 studies with a total of 6922 participants and found no significant association between overall screen time use and EF. However, the study highlights the importance of considering other contextual and developmental factors when evaluating the impact of screen time on EF in children.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jolie D. D. Barter, Dwaina Thomas, Liang Ni, Allison A. A. Bay, Theodore M. M. Johnson, Todd Prusin, Madeleine E. E. Hackney
Summary: Understanding the effects of multimorbidity on motor and cognitive function is important for tailoring therapies. This study found that individuals with comorbid Parkinson's disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) had poorer functional ability compared to individuals with only PD or DM. Both PD and DM independently had adverse effects on motor function, and comorbid PD+DM further impaired attention, highlighting the importance of attention-focused therapies.
Article
Cell Biology
Daniel J. Torres, Jordan T. Yorgason, Marilou A. Andres, Frederick P. Bellinger
Summary: This study used a mouse model to investigate the long-term consequences of early methamphetamine exposure on the adult brain. Findings showed that neonatal methamphetamine exposure led to hyperactivity in adult mice, reduced dopamine uptake rates, and altered dopamine release in response to methamphetamine in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that developmental methamphetamine exposure can produce lasting physiological changes in the brain and impact responses to drug exposure in adulthood.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jaber Alizadehgoradel, Saeed Imani, Vahid Nejati, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Behnam Molaei, Mohammad Ali Salehinejad, Shirin Ahmadi, Mina Taherifard
Summary: The study found that in young individuals who had recently stopped using methamphetamine, the combined treatment of tDCS with MBSAT resulted in significant improvements in performance on executive function tasks and a notable reduction in craving. These findings provide support for the clinical effectiveness of this combination intervention.
CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Sheng, Runbin Sun, Ran Zhang, Peng Xu, Youmei Wang, Hui Xu, Jiye Aa, Guangji Wang, Yuan Xie
Summary: The study conducted metabolomics research on methamphetamine-exposed mice, revealing that the metabolic patterns caused by methamphetamine varied over time, with different characteristics in serum and urine metabolomics. The random forest model proved to be the best for predicting exposure time, and a potential biomarker set helped identify methamphetamine exposure.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Saeid Abbasi Sarajehlou, Somayeh Khajeh, Cheeman Masrour, Morteza Azizi
Summary: This study aimed to compare executive functions in low and high-level schizotypal individuals. The results indicated that individuals with higher schizotypy trait levels performed significantly poorer in tasks measuring working-visual-spatial memory, cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, and response inhibition. These findings suggest that executive function dysfunctions in individuals with higher schizotypy trait levels would cause significant disturbances in multiple areas of life.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Mingxin Shi, Esther M. Langholt, Logan C. Butler, Madeleine E. Harvey, Emma C. Wheeler, Liang Zhao, James A. MacLean, Yeongseok Oh, Emily Sabrowsky, Sue Yu, Shane Watson, Jon F. Davis, Kanako Hayashi
Summary: This study suggests that vapor exposure to cannabis plant matter may negatively impact male reproductive functions and testis development in mice, leading to decreased sperm count and/or motility, as well as disrupted progression of germ cell development. The effects of cannabis exposure can be seen in subsequent generations, potentially affecting male fertility.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Delaney L. Davis, Daniel B. Metzger, Philip H. Vann, Jessica M. Wong, Ritu A. Shetty, Michael J. Forster, Nathalie Sumien
Summary: The recreational and medical use of stimulants among young adults in the United States has become popular, potentially leading to brain biochemical changes and addictive behaviors. Chronic exposure to methamphetamine (METH) at therapeutic dosing levels for ADHD was found to have long-term effects on reward-related behavior, specifically in female mice. Short-term changes in biochemical markers were observed in a brain region and sex-dependent manner. Further exploration is needed to understand the long-term neurobehavioral consequences of psychostimulant use in both sexes.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Daniel E. Gustavson, Chandra A. Reynolds, Robin P. Corley, Sally J. Wadsworth, John K. Hewitt, Naomi P. Friedman
Summary: This study examined the genetic structure of executive function in adulthood and its overlap with intelligence using data from twin and adoption studies. The results suggest that executive function abilities are both common and specific, and they are phenotypically and genetically correlated with intelligence.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Britahny Baskin, Suhjung Janet Lee, Emma Skillen, Katrina Wong, Holly Rau, Rebecca C. Hendrickson, Kathleen Pagulayan, Murray A. Raskind, Elaine R. Peskind, Paul E. M. Phillips, David G. Cook, Abigail G. Schindler
Summary: Repetitive blast exposure in male mice was found to increase reward-seeking and goal-directed behavior while decreasing behavioral flexibility, with concurrent chronic adverse behavioral changes related to anxiety, compulsivity, and hyperarousal. These findings suggest that deficits in executive function post-blast mTBI may be linked to enhanced compulsivity/hyperreactivity and behavioral inflexibility.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Ilex Beltran-Najera, Andrea Mustafa, Desmond Warren, Zach Salling, Maria Misiura, Steven Paul Woods, Vonetta M. Dotson
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency and everyday functioning implications of vascular depression among people living with HIV. The results showed that HIV infection was associated with a three-fold increased risk of vascular depression, and PLWH with vascular depression had significantly greater odds of dependence in everyday functioning. This study highlights the clinical importance of understanding vascular depression in the context of HIV disease.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steven Paul Woods, Andrea Mustafa, Ilex Beltran-Najera, Anastasia Matchanova, Jennifer L. Thompson, Natalie C. Ridgely
Summary: This study examines the frequency and extent of effect size reporting in neuropsychology journal articles. The findings show increases in effect size reporting in the Methods and Results sections, but no significant changes in the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion sections. Authors in neuropsychology journals have improved effect size reporting in the core sections, but still need to consider these metrics in motivating study hypotheses and interpreting their findings.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea I. Mustafa, Steven Paul Woods, Shayne Loft, Erin E. Morgan
Summary: This study found that cognitive intraindividual variability is associated with prospective memory performance and symptoms among people living with HIV. The findings suggest that variability in cognitive test results is related to laboratory-based prospective memory accuracy, but has a weak relationship with self-reported prospective memory symptoms.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Tanya Smit, Nubia A. A. Mayorga, Andrew H. H. Rogers, Steven P. P. Woods, Luke F. F. Heggeness, Brooke Y. Y. Kauffman, Lorra Garey, Michael J. J. Zvolensky
Summary: Past research has established a link between negative mood and opioid misuse/dependence, but the underlying mechanisms have not been scientifically investigated. This study highlights the importance of anxiety sensitivity in understanding the relationship between negative mood and opioid use among adults with chronic pain.
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Steven Paul Woods, Antonio L. Teixeira, Lais B. Martins, Gabriel R. Fries, Gabriela D. Colpo, Natalia P. Rocha
Summary: The number of older persons with HIV (PWH) disease has significantly increased in the past 20 years, but our understanding of the biological factors and clinical correlates in this population remains limited. A study was conducted involving 149 individuals aged 50 and older, including 107 PWH and 42 seronegatives. Results showed that PWH had higher levels of epigenetic aging acceleration compared to seronegatives on four indicators. Furthermore, higher levels of epigenetic aging acceleration were associated with lower CD4 count, AIDS diagnoses, higher scores on the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index, lower telomere values, and lower health literacy among PWH. It was concluded that PWH experience accelerated aging, which may be linked to immune compromise and all-cause mortality risk. Improving health literacy could help mitigate the risk of accelerated aging among older PWH.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anastasia Matchanova, Steven Paul Woods, Clayton Neighbors, Luis D. D. Medina, Kenneth Podell, Ilex Beltran-Najera, Christina Alex, Michelle A. A. Babicz, Jennifer L. L. Thompson
Summary: The online spread of COVID-19 misinformation has had negative effects on public health and society. This study examined the differences in discernment and sharing of COVID-19 misinformation between older and younger adults, as well as the role of cognitive abilities and health literacy. The findings suggest that headline accuracy judgment, numeracy, and verbal IQ are significant factors in the sharing of COVID-19 misinformation.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyna-Anne Conn, Suzy Alexander, Thomas H. J. Burne, James P. Kesby
Summary: This study examines the role of D1 and D2 receptors in learning induced by amphetamine. The results suggest that overall D1 receptor availability is crucial for learning, while modifying D2 receptor function can ameliorate learning deficits in a state of elevated dopamine.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kyna-Anne Conn, Simin Zou, Joyosmita Das, Suzy Alexander, Thomas H. J. Burne, James P. Kesby
Summary: In this study, the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, including impaired goal-directed action, were found to be associated with altered dopamine signaling in the brain. The differential roles of the dorsomedial and ventral inputs into the striatum in goal-directed action were identified, providing insights into the cognitive problems in schizophrenia.
Article
Psychiatry
Andrea Baker, Shuichi Suetani, Peter Cosgrove, Dan Siskind, Graham K. Murray, James G. Scott, James P. Kesby
Summary: Individuals with early psychosis exhibit altered responses to loss and hyper-adaptability to outcome changes, which may be a compensatory response to corticostriatal changes associated with psychotic disorders.
COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elliott Michael Gomez, Steven Paul Woods, Ilex Beltran-Najera
Summary: This study examines the association between health literacy and successful aging among people with HIV (PWH). Results suggest that higher health literacy is associated with a higher frequency of successful aging among older PWH. Older PWH are less likely to experience successful aging compared to older adults without HIV. Future studies may explore whether improving health literacy among younger PWH increases the likelihood of successful aging.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Yenifer L. Morales Mejia, Jennifer L. Thompson, Steven Paul Woods
Summary: Deficits in episodic verbal memory are commonly observed in persons with HIV disease, which impact everyday functioning. This study investigated deficits in episodic visual memory in HIV patients and found that encoding deficits were the primary issue. Factors related to other cognitive impairments in HIV patients include motor coordination and executive functions.
PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Urska Arnautovska, Kathryn Vitangcol, James P. Kesby, Nicola Warren, Susan L. Rossell, Erica Neill, Anthony Harris, Cherrie Galletly, David Castle, Dan Siskind
Summary: This study evaluated learning ability in people with schizophrenia and found limited performance in verbal and visual learning, as well as potential impact of anticholinergic medication on cognitive function. These findings are important for understanding cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
James P. Kesby, Graham K. Murray, Franziska Knolle
Summary: This study summarizes the current knowledge of behavioral and functional neuroimaging in salience, prediction error, and reward. Despite being specific processes, they are integral to decision making and cognition more generally. The dysfunctions in salience and reward processing may be primarily centered in the subcortex during the earliest stages of psychosis, with cortical abnormalities becoming more prominent in established psychotic illness/schizophrenia. The neural circuits underlying salience and reward processing may be potential targets for delaying or preventing behavioral and neurobiological decline.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Madison K. Young, Kyna-Anne Conn, Joyosmita Das, Simin Zou, Suzy Alexander, Thomas H. J. Burne, James P. Kesby
Summary: The DMS plays a multifaceted role in reversal learning, impacting multiple processes dependent on the level of uncertainty. Increasing DMS activity impairs decision-making processes and suggests a potential link to decision-making impairments in individuals with psychosis.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Kelli L. Sullivan, Clayton Neighbors, Romola S. Bucks, Michael Weinborn, Brandon E. Gavett, Steven Paul Woods
Summary: Age-related decline in prospective memory (PM) is more pronounced in event-based PM than in time-based PM among older adults. This decline is not associated with age, retrospective memory, executive functions, or everyday functioning.
AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION
(2022)