期刊
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
卷 41, 期 1, 页码 142-162出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.294
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资金
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [RO1 HD24718]
- National Institute of Mental Health [R24MH081797]
- MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Psychopathology and Development
- Sunny Hill Health Centre/British Columbia Leadership Chair in Child Development at the University of British Columbia
- Child and Brain Development Program of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Lisa and John Pritzker Distinguished Professorship of Developmental and Behavioral Health at the University of California, San Francisco
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD024718] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R24MH081797] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
A swiftly growing volume of literature, comprising both human and animal studies and employing both observational and experimental designs, has documented striking individual differences in neurobiological sensitivities to environmental circumstances within subgroups of study samples. This differential susceptibility to social and physical environments operates bidirectionally, in both adverse and beneficial contexts, and results in a minority subpopulation with remarkably poor or unusually positive trajectories of health and development, contingent upon the character of environmental conditions. Differences in contextual susceptibility appear to emerge in early development, as the interactive and adaptive product of genetic and environmental attributes. This paper surveys what is currently known of the mechanisms or mediators of differential susceptibility, at the levels of temperament and behavior, physiological systems, brain circuitry and neuronal function, and genetic and epigenetic variation. It concludes with the assertion that differential susceptibility is inherently grounded within processes of biological moderation, the complexities of which are at present only partially understood.
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